atomic-red-team/atomics/T1040/T1040.md

# T1040 - Network Sniffing
## [Description from ATT&CK](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040)
<blockquote>

Adversaries may passively sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network. Network sniffing refers to using the network interface on a system to monitor or capture information sent over a wired or wireless connection. An adversary may place a network interface into promiscuous mode to passively access data in transit over the network, or use span ports to capture a larger amount of data.

Data captured via this technique may include user credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol. Techniques for name service resolution poisoning, such as [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001), can also be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.

Network sniffing may reveal configuration details, such as running services, version numbers, and other network characteristics (e.g. IP addresses, hostnames, VLAN IDs) necessary for subsequent [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and/or [Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005) activities. Adversaries may likely also utilize network sniffing during [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) (AiTM) to passively gain additional knowledge about the environment.

In cloud-based environments, adversaries may still be able to use traffic mirroring services to sniff network traffic from virtual machines. For example, AWS Traffic Mirroring, GCP Packet Mirroring, and Azure vTap allow users to define specified instances to collect traffic from and specified targets to send collected traffic to.(Citation: AWS Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: GCP Packet Mirroring)(Citation: Azure Virtual Network TAP) Often, much of this traffic will be in cleartext due to the use of TLS termination at the load balancer level to reduce the strain of encrypting and decrypting traffic.(Citation: Rhino Security Labs AWS VPC Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: SpecterOps AWS Traffic Mirroring) The adversary can then use exfiltration techniques such as Transfer Data to Cloud Account in order to access the sniffed traffic.(Citation: Rhino Security Labs AWS VPC Traffic Mirroring)

On network devices, adversaries may perform network captures using [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands such as `monitor capture`.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: capture_embedded_packet_on_software)

</blockquote>

## Atomic Tests

- [Atomic Test #1 - Packet Capture Linux using tshark or tcpdump](#atomic-test-1---packet-capture-linux-using-tshark-or-tcpdump)

- [Atomic Test #2 - Packet Capture FreeBSD using tshark or tcpdump](#atomic-test-2---packet-capture-freebsd-using-tshark-or-tcpdump)

- [Atomic Test #3 - Packet Capture macOS using tcpdump or tshark](#atomic-test-3---packet-capture-macos-using-tcpdump-or-tshark)

- [Atomic Test #4 - Packet Capture Windows Command Prompt](#atomic-test-4---packet-capture-windows-command-prompt)

- [Atomic Test #5 - Windows Internal Packet Capture](#atomic-test-5---windows-internal-packet-capture)

- [Atomic Test #6 - Windows Internal pktmon capture](#atomic-test-6---windows-internal-pktmon-capture)

- [Atomic Test #7 - Windows Internal pktmon set filter](#atomic-test-7---windows-internal-pktmon-set-filter)

- [Atomic Test #8 - Packet Capture macOS using /dev/bpfN with sudo](#atomic-test-8---packet-capture-macos-using-devbpfn-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #9 - Filtered Packet Capture macOS using /dev/bpfN with sudo](#atomic-test-9---filtered-packet-capture-macos-using-devbpfn-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #10 - Packet Capture FreeBSD using /dev/bpfN with sudo](#atomic-test-10---packet-capture-freebsd-using-devbpfn-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #11 - Filtered Packet Capture FreeBSD using /dev/bpfN with sudo](#atomic-test-11---filtered-packet-capture-freebsd-using-devbpfn-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #12 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW with sudo](#atomic-test-12---packet-capture-linux-socket-af_packetsock_raw-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #13 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,TCP with sudo](#atomic-test-13---packet-capture-linux-socket-af_inetsock_rawtcp-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #14 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_INET,SOCK_PACKET,UDP with sudo](#atomic-test-14---packet-capture-linux-socket-af_inetsock_packetudp-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #15 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW with BPF filter for UDP with sudo](#atomic-test-15---packet-capture-linux-socket-af_packetsock_raw-with-bpf-filter-for-udp-with-sudo)

- [Atomic Test #16 - PowerShell Network Sniffing](#atomic-test-16---powershell-network-sniffing)


<br/>

## Atomic Test #1 - Packet Capture Linux using tshark or tcpdump
Perform a PCAP. Wireshark will be required for tshark. TCPdump may already be installed.

Upon successful execution, tshark or tcpdump will execute and capture 5 packets on interface ens33.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** 7fe741f7-b265-4951-a7c7-320889083b3e





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| interface | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | ens33|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
tcpdump -c 5 -nnni #{interface}
tshark -c 5 -i #{interface}
```




#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: Check if at least one of tcpdump or tshark is installed.
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
if [ ! -x "$(command -v tcpdump)" ] && [ ! -x "$(command -v tshark)" ]; then exit 1; else exit 0; fi;
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
(which yum && yum -y install epel-release tcpdump tshark)||(which apt-get && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tcpdump tshark)
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #2 - Packet Capture FreeBSD using tshark or tcpdump
Perform a PCAP. Wireshark will be required for tshark. TCPdump may already be installed.

Upon successful execution, tshark or tcpdump will execute and capture 5 packets on interface ens33.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** c93f2492-9ebe-44b5-8b45-36574cccfe67





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| interface | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | em0|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `sh`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```sh
tcpdump -c 5 -nnni #{interface}
tshark -c 5 -i #{interface}
```




#### Dependencies:  Run with `sh`!
##### Description: Check if at least one of tcpdump or tshark is installed.
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```sh
if [ ! -x "$(command -v tcpdump)" ] && [ ! -x "$(command -v tshark)" ]; then exit 1; else exit 0; fi;
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```sh
(which pkg && pkg install -y wireshark-nox11)
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #3 - Packet Capture macOS using tcpdump or tshark
Perform a PCAP on macOS. This will require Wireshark/tshark to be installed. TCPdump may already be installed.

Upon successful execution, tshark or tcpdump will execute and capture 5 packets on interface en0A.

**Supported Platforms:** macOS


**auto_generated_guid:** 9d04efee-eff5-4240-b8d2-07792b873608





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| interface | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | en0A|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo tcpdump -c 5 -nnni #{interface}    
if [ -x "$(command -v tshark)" ]; then sudo tshark -c 5 -i #{interface}; fi;
```




#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: Check if at least one of tcpdump or tshark is installed.
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
if [ ! -x "$(command -v tcpdump)" ] && [ ! -x "$(command -v tshark)" ]; then exit 1; else exit 0; fi;
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
(which yum && yum -y install epel-release tcpdump tshark)||(which apt-get && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tcpdump tshark)
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #4 - Packet Capture Windows Command Prompt
Perform a packet capture using the windows command prompt. This will require a host that has Wireshark/Tshark
installed.

Upon successful execution, tshark will execute and capture 5 packets on interface "Ethernet".

**Supported Platforms:** Windows


**auto_generated_guid:** a5b2f6a0-24b4-493e-9590-c699f75723ca





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| interface | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | Ethernet|
| wireshark_url | wireshark installer download URL | url | https://1.eu.dl.wireshark.org/win64/Wireshark-latest-x64.exe|
| tshark_path | path to tshark.exe | path | c:&#92;program files&#92;wireshark&#92;tshark.exe|
| npcap_url | npcap installed download URL | url | https://nmap.org/npcap/dist/npcap-1.31.exe|
| npcap_path | path to npcap.sys | path | C:&#92;Program Files&#92;Npcap&#92;npcap.sys|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```cmd
"c:\Program Files\Wireshark\tshark.exe" -i #{interface} -c 5
```




#### Dependencies:  Run with `powershell`!
##### Description: tshark must be installed and in the default path of "c:\Program Files\Wireshark\Tshark.exe".
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```powershell
if (test-path "#{tshark_path}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```powershell
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\wireshark_installer.exe" #{wireshark_url}
Start-Process "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\wireshark_installer.exe" /S
```
##### Description: npcap must be installed.
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```powershell
if (test-path "#{npcap_path}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```powershell
New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\npcap_installer.exe" #{npcap_url}
Start-Process "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\npcap_installer.exe"
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #5 - Windows Internal Packet Capture
Uses the built-in Windows packet capture
After execution you should find a file named trace.etl and trace.cab in the temp directory

**Supported Platforms:** Windows


**auto_generated_guid:** b5656f67-d67f-4de8-8e62-b5581630f528






#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```cmd
netsh trace start capture=yes tracefile=%temp%\trace.etl maxsize=10
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```cmd
netsh trace stop >nul 2>&1
TIMEOUT /T 5 >nul 2>&1
del %temp%\trace.etl >nul 2>&1
del %temp%\trace.cab >nul 2>&1
```





<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #6 - Windows Internal pktmon capture
Will start a packet capture and store log file as t1040.etl.
https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Pktmon/

**Supported Platforms:** Windows


**auto_generated_guid:** c67ba807-f48b-446e-b955-e4928cd1bf91






#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```cmd
pktmon.exe start --etw  -f %TEMP%\t1040.etl
TIMEOUT /T 5 >nul 2>&1
pktmon.exe stop
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```cmd
del %TEMP%\t1040.etl
```





<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #7 - Windows Internal pktmon set filter
Select Desired ports for packet capture 
https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Pktmon/

**Supported Platforms:** Windows


**auto_generated_guid:** 855fb8b4-b8ab-4785-ae77-09f5df7bff55






#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```cmd
pktmon.exe filter add -p 445
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```cmd
pktmon filter remove
```





<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #8 - Packet Capture macOS using /dev/bpfN with sudo
Opens a /dev/bpf file (O_RDONLY) and captures packets for a few seconds.

**Supported Platforms:** macOS


**auto_generated_guid:** e6fe5095-545d-4c8b-a0ae-e863914be3aa





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| ifname | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | en0|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/macos_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_macos_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo #{program_path} -i #{ifname} -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```bash
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
exit 1
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #9 - Filtered Packet Capture macOS using /dev/bpfN with sudo
Opens a /dev/bpf file (O_RDONLY), sets BPF filter for 'udp' and captures packets for a few seconds.

**Supported Platforms:** macOS


**auto_generated_guid:** e2480aee-23f3-4f34-80ce-de221e27cd19





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| ifname | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | en0|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/macos_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_macos_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo #{program_path} -f -i #{ifname} -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```bash
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
exit 1
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #10 - Packet Capture FreeBSD using /dev/bpfN with sudo
Opens a /dev/bpf file (O_RDONLY) and captures packets for a few seconds.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** e2028771-1bfb-48f5-b5e6-e50ee0942a14





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| ifname | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | em0|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/freebsd_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_freebsd_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `sh`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```sh
sudo #{program_path} -i #{ifname} -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```sh
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `sh`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```sh
exit 1
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```sh
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #11 - Filtered Packet Capture FreeBSD using /dev/bpfN with sudo
Opens a /dev/bpf file (O_RDONLY), sets BPF filter for 'udp' and captures packets for a few seconds.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** a3a0d4c9-c068-4563-a08d-583bd05b884c





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| ifname | Specify interface to perform PCAP on. | string | em0|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/freebsd_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_freebsd_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `sh`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```sh
sudo #{program_path} -f -i #{ifname} -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```sh
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `sh`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```sh
exit 1
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```sh
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #12 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW with sudo
Captures packets with domain=AF_PACKET, type=SOCK_RAW for a few seconds.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** 10c710c9-9104-4d5f-8829-5b65391e2a29





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/linux_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_linux_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo #{program_path} -a -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```bash
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
if [ -f "#{program_path}" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #13 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,TCP with sudo
Captures packets with domain=AF_INET,type=SOCK_RAW,protocol=TCP for a few seconds.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** 7a0895f0-84c1-4adf-8491-a21510b1d4c1





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/linux_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_linux_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo #{program_path} -4 -p 6 -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```bash
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
if [ -f "#{program_path}" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #14 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_INET,SOCK_PACKET,UDP with sudo
Captures packets with domain=AF_INET,type=SOCK_PACKET,protocol=UDP for a few seconds.
SOCK_PACKET is "obsolete" according to the man page, but still works on Ubuntu 20.04

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** 515575ab-d213-42b1-aa64-ef6a2dd4641b





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/linux_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_linux_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo #{program_path} -4 -P -p 17 -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```bash
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
if [ -f "#{program_path}" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #15 - Packet Capture Linux socket AF_PACKET,SOCK_RAW with BPF filter for UDP with sudo
Captures packets with domain=AF_PACKET,type=SOCK_RAW for a few seconds.
Sets a BPF filter on the socket to filter for UDP traffic.

**Supported Platforms:** Linux


**auto_generated_guid:** b1cbdf8b-6078-48f5-a890-11ea19d7f8e9





#### Inputs:
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| csource_path | Path to C program source | string | PathToAtomicsFolder/T1040/src/linux_pcapdemo.c|
| program_path | Path to compiled C program | string | /tmp/t1040_linux_pcapdemo|


#### Attack Commands: Run with `bash`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```bash
sudo #{program_path} -a -f -t 3
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```bash
rm -f #{program_path}
```



#### Dependencies:  Run with `bash`!
##### Description: compile C program
##### Check Prereq Commands:
```bash
if [ -f "#{program_path}" ]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi
```
##### Get Prereq Commands:
```bash
cc #{csource_path} -o #{program_path}
```




<br/>
<br/>

## Atomic Test #16 - PowerShell Network Sniffing
PowerShell Built-in Cmdlets to capture network traffic.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/neteventpacketcapture/new-neteventsession?view=windowsserver2022-ps

**Supported Platforms:** Windows


**auto_generated_guid:** 9c15a7de-de14-46c3-bc2a-6d94130986ae






#### Attack Commands: Run with `powershell`!  Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin) 


```powershell
New-NetEventSession -Name Capture007 -LocalFilePath "$ENV:Temp\sniff.etl"
Add-NetEventPacketCaptureProvider -SessionName Capture007 -TruncationLength 100
Start-NetEventSession -Name Capture007
Stop-NetEventSession -Name Capture007
Remove-NetEventSession -Name Capture007
```

#### Cleanup Commands:
```powershell
del $ENV:Temp\sniff.etl
```





<br/>