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atomics/T1138/T1138.md
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# T1138 - Application Shimming
## [Description from ATT&CK](https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1138)
<blockquote>The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow backward compatibility of programs as Windows updates and changes its code. For example, the application shimming feature allows developers to apply fixes to applications (without rewriting code) that were created for Windows XP so that it will work with Windows 10. (Citation: Engame Process Injection July 2017) Within the framework, shims are created to act as a buffer between the program (or more specifically, the Import Address Table) and the Windows OS. When a program is executed, the shim cache is referenced to determine if the program requires the use of the shim database (.sdb). If so, the shim database uses Hooking to redirect the code as necessary in order to communicate with the OS. A list of all shims currently installed by the default Windows installer (sdbinst.exe) is kept in:
* <code>%WINDIR%\AppPatch\sysmain.sdb</code>
* <code>hklm\software\microsoft\windows nt\currentversion\appcompatflags\installedsdb</code>
Custom databases are stored in:
* <code>%WINDIR%\AppPatch\custom & %WINDIR%\AppPatch\AppPatch64\Custom</code>
* <code>hklm\software\microsoft\windows nt\currentversion\appcompatflags\custom</code>
To keep shims secure, Windows designed them to run in user mode so they cannot modify the kernel and you must have administrator privileges to install a shim. However, certain shims can be used to Bypass User Account Control (UAC) (RedirectEXE), inject DLLs into processes (InjectDLL), disable Data Execution Prevention (DisableNX) and Structure Exception Handling (DisableSEH), and intercept memory addresses (GetProcAddress). Similar to Hooking, utilizing these shims may allow an adversary to perform several malicious acts such as elevate privileges, install backdoors, disable defenses like Windows Defender, etc.
Detection: There are several public tools available that will detect shims that are currently available (Citation: Black Hat 2015 App Shim):
* Shim-Process-Scanner - checks memory of every running process for any Shim flags
* Shim-Detector-Lite - detects installation of custom shim databases
* Shim-Guard - monitors registry for any shim installations
* ShimScanner - forensic tool to find active shims in memory
* ShimCacheMem - Volatility plug-in that pulls shim cache from memory (note: shims are only cached after reboot)
Monitor process execution for sdbinst.exe and command-line arguments for potential indications of application shim abuse.
Platforms: Windows
Data Sources: Loaded DLLs, System calls, Windows Registry, Process Monitoring, Process command-line parameters
Permissions Required: Administrator</blockquote>
## Atomic Tests
- [Atomic Test #1 - Application Shim Installation](#atomic-test-1---application-shim-installation)
<br/>
## Atomic Test #1 - Application Shim Installation
This test injects a DLL into a custom application
**Supported Platforms:** Windows
#### Run it with `command_prompt`!
```
sdbinst.exe AtomicShimx86.sdb
```
<br/>
atomics/index.md
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- [T1182 AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1103 AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Install AppInit Shim
- [T1138 Application Shimming](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1138 Application Shimming](./T1138/T1138.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Application Shim Installation
- [T1131 Authentication Package](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1197 BITS Jobs](./T1197/T1197.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Download & Execute
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@
- [T1182 AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1103 AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Install AppInit Shim
- [T1138 Application Shimming](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1138 Application Shimming](./T1138/T1138.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Application Shim Installation
- [T1088 Bypass User Account Control](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1038 DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1157 Dylib Hijacking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
atomics/matrix.md
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| [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [CMSTP](./T1191/T1191.md) | [Accessibility Features](./T1015/T1015.md) | [Accessibility Features](./T1015/T1015.md) | [BITS Jobs](./T1197/T1197.md) | [Bash History](./T1139/T1139.md) | [Application Window Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Application Deployment Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Automated Collection](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Compressed](./T1002/T1002.md) | [Communication Through Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Hardware Additions](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Command-Line Interface](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Binary Padding](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Brute Force](./T1110/T1110.md) | [Browser Bookmark Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Distributed Component Object Model](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Clipboard Data](./T1115/T1115.md) | [Data Encrypted](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Connection Proxy](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Replication Through Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Control Panel Items](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md) | [AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md) | [Bypass User Account Control](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Credential Dumping](./T1003/T1003.md) | [File and Directory Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Staged](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Transfer Size Limits](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Custom Command and Control Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Spearphishing Attachment](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Dynamic Data Exchange](./T1173/T1173.md) | [Application Shimming](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Application Shimming](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [CMSTP](./T1191/T1191.md) | [Credentials in Files](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Network Service Scanning](./T1046/T1046.md) | [Logon Scripts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Information Repositories](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Custom Cryptographic Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Spearphishing Attachment](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Dynamic Data Exchange](./T1173/T1173.md) | [Application Shimming](./T1138/T1138.md) | [Application Shimming](./T1138/T1138.md) | [CMSTP](./T1191/T1191.md) | [Credentials in Files](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Network Service Scanning](./T1046/T1046.md) | [Logon Scripts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Information Repositories](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Custom Cryptographic Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Spearphishing Link](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Execution through API](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Authentication Package](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Bypass User Account Control](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Clear Command History](./T1146/T1146.md) | [Credentials in Registry](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Network Share Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Pass the Hash](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Local System](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Encoding](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Spearphishing via Service](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Execution through Module Load](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [BITS Jobs](./T1197/T1197.md) | [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Code Signing](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Password Policy Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Pass the Ticket](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Network Shared Drive](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Obfuscation](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Supply Chain Compromise](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Bootkit](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Dylib Hijacking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Component Firmware](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Forced Authentication](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Peripheral Device Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Physical Medium](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Domain Fronting](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |