jenkins-metasploit
95 lines
64 KiB
HTML
95 lines
64 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/images/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/just-the-docs-default.css"> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-4622520-7"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-4622520-7', { 'anonymize_ip': true }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/vendor/lunr.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@10.8.0/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/just-the-docs.js"></script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Java Meterpreter Feature Parity Proposal | Metasploit Documentation Penetration Testing Software, Pen Testing Security</title><meta 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class="nav-list-link">MSSQL</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/metasploit-guide-ldap.html" class="nav-list-link">LDAP</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/" class="nav-list-link">Active Directory</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/ad-certificates/" class="nav-list-link">AD CS</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/ad-certificates/overview.html" class="nav-list-link">Overview</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/ad-certificates/attacking-ad-cs-esc-vulnerabilities.html" class="nav-list-link">Attacking AD CS ESC Vulnerabilities Using Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/ad-certificates/ldap_esc_vulnerable_cert_finder.html" class="nav-list-link">Vulnerable cert finder</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/ad-certificates/ad_cs_cert_template.html" class="nav-list-link">Manage certificate templates</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/ad-certificates/icpr_cert.html" class="nav-list-link">Request certificates</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/" class="nav-list-link">Kerberos</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/overview.html" class="nav-list-link">Overview</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/service_authentication.html" class="nav-list-link">Authenticating to SMB/WinRM/etc</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/kerberos_login.html" class="nav-list-link">Kerberos login enumeration and bruteforcing</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/get_ticket.html" class="nav-list-link">Get Ticket granting tickets and service tickets</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/ticket_converter.html" class="nav-list-link">Converting kirbi and ccache files</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/forge_ticket.html" class="nav-list-link">Forging tickets</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/inspect_ticket.html" class="nav-list-link">Inspecting tickets</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/kerberoasting.html" class="nav-list-link">Kerberoasting</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/keytab.html" class="nav-list-link">Keytab support and decrypting wireshark traffic</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/rbcd.html" class="nav-list-link">Resource-based constrained delegation (RBCD)</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/pentesting/active-directory/kerberos/unconstrained_delegation.html" class="nav-list-link">Unconstrained delegation</a></ul></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/" class="nav-list-link">Using Metasploit</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use 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Metasploit module appropriately</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-payloads-work.html" class="nav-list-link">How payloads work</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/module-documentation.html" class="nav-list-link">Module Documentation</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-to-use-a-reverse-shell-in-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use a reverse shell in Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-to-use-msfvenom.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use msfvenom</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/managing-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Managing Sessions</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/" class="nav-list-link">Intermediate</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/metasploit-database-support.html" class="nav-list-link">Database Support</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/evading-anti-virus.html" class="nav-list-link">Evading Anti Virus</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/exploit-ranking.html" class="nav-list-link">Exploit Ranking</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/hashes-and-password-cracking.html" class="nav-list-link">Hashes and Password Cracking</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/how-to-use-plugins.html" class="nav-list-link">Metasploit Plugins</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/payload-uuid.html" class="nav-list-link">Payload UUID</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/pivoting-in-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">Pivoting in Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/running-private-modules.html" class="nav-list-link">Running Private Modules</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/" class="nav-list-link">Advanced</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/how-to-configure-dns.html" class="nav-list-link">How to Configure DNS</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/metasploit-web-service.html" class="nav-list-link">Metasploit Web Service</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/" class="nav-list-link">Meterpreter</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter.html" class="nav-list-link">Overview</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-configuration.html" class="nav-list-link">Configuration</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/debugging-dead-meterpreter-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Debugging Dead Meterpreter Sessions</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-debugging-meterpreter-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Debugging Meterpreter Sessions</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-executebof-command.html" class="nav-list-link">ExecuteBof Command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-http-communication.html" class="nav-list-link">HTTP Communication</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/how-to-get-started-with-writing-a-meterpreter-script.html" class="nav-list-link">How to get started with writing a Meterpreter script</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-paranoid-mode.html" class="nav-list-link">Paranoid Mode</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/powershell-extension.html" class="nav-list-link">Powershell Extension</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/python-extension.html" class="nav-list-link">Python Extension</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-reg-command.html" class="nav-list-link">Reg Command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-reliable-network-communication.html" class="nav-list-link">Reliable Network Communication</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-sleep-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Sleep Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-stageless-mode.html" class="nav-list-link">Stageless Mode</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/the-ins-and-outs-of-http-and-https-communications-in-meterpreter-and-metasploit-stagers.html" class="nav-list-link">The ins and outs of HTTP and HTTPS communications in Meterpreter and Metasploit Stagers</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-timeout-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Timeout Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-transport-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Transport Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-unicode-support.html" class="nav-list-link">Unicode Support</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-wishlist.html" class="nav-list-link">Wishlist</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/" class="nav-list-link">RPC</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/how-to-use-metasploit-json-rpc.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit JSON RPC</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/how-to-use-metasploit-messagepack-rpc.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit Messagepack RPC</a></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/" class="nav-list-link">Other</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-metasploit-mcp-server.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit MCP Server</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-metasploit-with-ngrok.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit with ngrok</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-the-favorite-command.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use the Favorite command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/information-about-unmet-browser-exploit-requirements.html" class="nav-list-link">Information About Unmet Browser Exploit Requirements</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/" class="nav-list-link">Oracle Support</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/how-to-get-oracle-support-working-with-kali-linux.html" class="nav-list-link">How to get Oracle Support working with Kali Linux</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/oracle-usage.html" class="nav-list-link">Oracle Usage</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/why-cve-is-not-available.html" class="nav-list-link">Why CVE is not available</a></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/development/" class="nav-list-link active">Development</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/development/get-started/" class="nav-list-link">Get Started</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/contributing-to-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">Contributing to Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/creating-your-first-pr.html" class="nav-list-link">Creating Your First PR</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/setting-up-a-metasploit-development-environment.html" class="nav-list-link">Setting Up a Metasploit Development Environment</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/sanitizing-pcaps.html" class="nav-list-link">Sanitizing PCAPs</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" 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xlink:href="#svg-search"></use></svg></label></div><div id="search-results" class="search-results"></div></div><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/main.css"><nav aria-label="Auxiliary" class="aux-nav"><ul class="aux-nav-list"><li class="aux-nav-list-item"> <a href="//github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework" class="site-button" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > Metasploit Framework on GitHub </a></ul></nav></div><div id="main-content-wrap" class="main-content-wrap"><nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb-nav"><ol class="breadcrumb-nav-list"><li class="breadcrumb-nav-list-item"> <a href="/docs/development/">Development</a><li class="breadcrumb-nav-list-item"> <a href="/docs/development/propsals/">Proposals</a><li class="breadcrumb-nav-list-item"> <span>Java Meterpreter Feature Parity Proposal</span></ol></nav><div id="main-content" class="main-content" role="main"><h1 id="java-meterpreter-feature-parity"> <a href="#java-meterpreter-feature-parity" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="java-meterpreter-feature-parity"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Java Meterpreter Feature Parity</h1><p>Metasploit Framework has separate Meterpreter implementations for different platforms. Currently there is a feature disparity between e.g. Windows (x86) and PHP, Python and Java. For instance the Java Meterpreter only implements 25% of stdapi on windows, in comparison to the Python Meterpreter’s 50% coverage, or the Window’s Meterpreter at 94% coverage.</p><p>Java does have out of the box support for many of the library calls that we would require for improving Meterpreter compatibility, i.e. to manipulate the Windows event log, support Railgun etc.</p><p>To implement feature parity the following pull request were spiked:</p><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-payloads/pull/524">Add <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">clearev</code> command on Windows using JNA</a> - Adding Meterpreter’s event log manipulation commands. Uses an off-the-shelf library for making native system calls via <a href="https://github.com/java-native-access/jna">JNA</a>. This approach would allow for implementation of the remaining calls that aren’t supported by Java out of the box.<li><a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-payloads/pull/529">Add Railgun support to Java Meterpreter against Windows</a> - Using a custom library for Railgun support</ul><p>This proposal evaluates different approaches on how this feature parity could be achieved, what difficulties we have faced, and the future work required.</p><h2 id="glossary"> <a href="#glossary" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="glossary"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Glossary</h2><ul><li><strong>FFI</strong> - <strong>Foreign Function Interface</strong> - A foreign function interface (FFI) is a mechanism by which a program written in one programming language can call routines or make use of services written in another.<li><strong>JNI</strong> - <strong>Java Native Interface</strong> is a foreign function interface programming framework that enables Java code running in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to call and be called by native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages such as C, C++ and assembly.<li><strong><a href="https://github.com/java-native-access/jna">JNA</a></strong> - <strong>Java Native Access</strong> is a community-developed library that provides Java programs easy access to native shared libraries, under the covers it uses still JNI - only supports Java 1.6+<li><strong>Railgun</strong> - Meterpreter API which allows for programmatic access to native libraries via Ruby. Window’s Implementation is available <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-payloads/blob/6e08d1f9812aa4d7a76b451fd5e0bae03975bb91/c/meterpreter/source/extensions/stdapi/server/railgun/railgun.c#L73-L76">here</a>.</ul><h2 id="solution-overview"> <a href="#solution-overview" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="solution-overview"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Solution Overview</h2><p>To improve the Java Meterpreter’s feature parity we will:</p><ul><li>Add support for native system calls<li>Add support for Railgun capabilities</ul><p>To implement this functionality we will:</p><ul><li>Use the open source JNA library for generic system calls<li>Create a custom C library for Railgun support<li>Update core api to expose system information to deduce the platform type<li>Update Java stdapi to now include the library files for Railgun + JNA by default, i.e. the dll/so/dylib files for Railgun/JNA - an extra ~200KB uncompressed on top of the existing 54KB compressed (228KB uncompressed)<li>Load the Railgun/JNA libraries on demand when the Meterpreter command is invoked, for now this will require a write to disk - discussed further below<li>Update CI/Maven build steps</ul><p>Alternative implementation steps are also documented.</p><h2 id="implementation"> <a href="#implementation" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="implementation"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Implementation</h2><h3 id="supporting-native-system-calls"> <a href="#supporting-native-system-calls" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="supporting-native-system-calls"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Supporting native system calls</h3><p>We will move the OS detection from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">stdapi</code> to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core</code>. This would allow us to detect the victim’s OS and architecture as part of the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core</code> API, allowing stdapi to additionally include the correct Railgun and the JNA dll/so/dylib library files.</p><p>Native call support will be provided by JNA - an open source library which provides easy access to Window’s APIs. Using JNA would help reduce the boilerplate for making Windows API calls, is maintained by an existing community, and is less likely to be detected as malicious.</p><p>The sequence of steps required for loading stdapi and invoking clear event log:</p><pre><code class="language-mermaid">sequenceDiagram
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load core library
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meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
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msfconsole->>+meterpreter: get architecture from core library
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meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: e.g. Windows 10 x64
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||
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||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load stdapi - i.e. classfiles + JNA + Railgun dll
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Load new java commands
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||
note right of meterpreter: Keep JNA + Railgun library in memory<br />Don't load them yet
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: clear event log
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||
|
||
rect rgb(191, 223, 255, .3)
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Load JNA if it's <br >not been loaded before
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||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Copy JNA from classpath to file system
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||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: System.load(temp path)
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||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: delete temp path
|
||
end
|
||
|
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meterpreter->>meterpreter: clear event log using JNA
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||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: clear event log result
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||
</code></pre><h3 id="railgun-support"> <a href="#railgun-support" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="railgun-support"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Railgun support</h3><p>Railgun requires access to low-level functionality, i.e. directly manipulating memory etc. Java does not support this functionality directly unless a Java wrapper is provided. Therefore a JNI wrapper for the current Railgun implementation will be developed - similar to the previous <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-payloads/pull/529">prototype</a>. Maven would be updated to build this library for different architectures/platforms.</p><p>Similar to the implementation of native system calls; We will move the OS detection from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">stdapi</code> to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core</code>. This would allow us to detect the victim’s OS and architecture as part of the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core</code> API, allowing <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">stdapi</code> to additionally include the correct Railgun and JNA dll/so/dylib library files. Once a native call needs to be executed, Meterpreter would attempt to load JNA and use it to the native Windows API to begin the process of reflectively loading the compiled Railgun library.</p><p>The sequence of steps required for loading stdapi and invoking Railgun:</p><pre><code class="language-mermaid">sequenceDiagram
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load core library
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: get architecture from core library
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: e.g. Windows 10 x64
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load stdapi - i.e. classfiles + JNA + Railgun dll
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Load new java commands
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Keep JNA + Railgun library in memory<br />Don't load them yet
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: Railgun call
|
||
|
||
rect rgb(191, 223, 255, .3)
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Load JNA if it's <br >not been loaded before
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Copy JNA from classpath to file system
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||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: System.load(tempPath)
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: tempPath.deleteOnExit()
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
rect rgb(191, 223, 255, .3)
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Load Railgun if it's <br >not been loaded before
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Use JNA to reflectively load Railgun
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: invoke Railgun call
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||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: Railgun result
|
||
</code></pre><p>For an initial release the Railgun and JNA libraries would be sent as part of stdapi. This would increase the size to about 200KB on top of the 70KB Meterpreter Jar (228KB uncompressed). We will also keep Railgun in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">stdapi</code> (where it currently lives).</p><h3 id="alternative-implementation-1"> <a href="#alternative-implementation-1" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="alternative-implementation-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Alternative Implementation 1</h3><p>An alternative solution to updating stdapi to additionally include Railgun/JNA - is to keep stdapi as it exists today, and to attempt loading a ‘bigger’ stdapi with the additional Railgun functionality when a post module requires Railgun.</p><p>This would work as follows:</p><pre><code class="language-mermaid">sequenceDiagram
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load core library
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: get architecture from core library
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: e.g. Windows 10 x64
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load stdapi as normal, without JNA/Railgun
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Load new java commands
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
|
||
|
||
user->>+msfconsole:run post module:
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>msfconsole: Load module, verify requirements
|
||
|
||
opt If module requires Railgun, and session hasn't been sent Railgun/JNA before
|
||
rect rgb(191, 223, 255, .3)
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: load 'bigger' stdapi - i.e. classfiles + JNA + Railgun dll
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Load new java commands
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Keep JNA + Railgun library in memory<br />Don't load them yet
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: return success and list of available commands
|
||
end
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
msfconsole->>+meterpreter: Railgun call
|
||
|
||
rect rgb(191, 223, 255, .3)
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Load JNA if it's <br >not been loaded before
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Copy JNA from classpath to file system
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: System.load(tempPath)
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: tempPath.deleteOnExit()
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
rect rgb(191, 223, 255, .3)
|
||
note right of meterpreter: Load Railgun if it's <br >not been loaded before
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: Use JNA to reflectively load Railgun
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
meterpreter->>meterpreter: invoke Railgun call
|
||
meterpreter-->>-msfconsole: Railgun result
|
||
|
||
msfconsole-->>-user: Module results
|
||
</code></pre><p>Unfortunately the Meterpreter compatibility data in modules are not granular enough - and it is likely that a post module will implicitly load Railgun via a transitive module mixin. For instance, at the time of writing the <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/b7a014a5d22d3b57157e301d4af57e3a31ad03a9/lib/msf/core/post/file.rb#L31">lib/msf/core/post/file.rb</a> mixin specifies a requirement on Railgun. This would result in most modules sending the Railgun/JNA libraries to Meterpreter when they are not required, as it is unlikely that the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">get_drives</code> method would be invoked. This compatibility metadata could be improved, but is a blocker for this implementation.</p><h3 id="alternative-implementation-2"> <a href="#alternative-implementation-2" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="alternative-implementation-2"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Alternative Implementation 2</h3><p>An alternative implementation to moving the architecture detection from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">stdapi</code> to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core</code> - would be to include all possibly supported platform types for the JNA / Railgun libraries - approx. 3MB of additional data. This is not a viable solution.</p><h2 id="loading-libraries"> <a href="#loading-libraries" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="loading-libraries"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Loading Libraries</h2><p>Java supports loading native libraries with either <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">System.load(String libname)</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">System.loadLibrary(String filename)</code>. These methods require writing the shared library to disk temporarily, as it does not support loading libraries from memory.</p><p>When temporarily extracting the JNA library to disk, we would need to make sure that we can delete it when we are done with the Meterpreter session. This can be achieved using Java’s <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">File.deleteOnExit()</code> method. This is executed only if the session exits as expected; crashes or getting killed by the AV results in the library being left on disk.</p><p>Writing a shared library to disk is an easy way to get flagged by an AV that’s running on the victim’s machine. This might not be an issue as to get a Java Meterpreter session in the first place, e.g. the Microsoft Defender AV has to be disabled, and the JNA library might be white-listed.</p><p>Another approach that we have briefly evaluated is running shellcode from Java without using JNI, which may be possible with <a href="https://github.com/schierlm/JavaPayload/blob/ec39092ad688d424755c3b289e022a40b01d635a/JavaPayload/src/javapayload/stage/JITShellcodeRunner.java">schierlm’s Java Shellcode prototype</a>. Which can execute shellcode in memory. There may be compatibility edge cases with each JDK/JRE version - depending on the JVM memory layout. This approach has only been verified to work on 32 bit Oracle Java 6. Each Java version may require additional logic, and automated/manual verification steps to ensure it works as expected. The development effort to support x64 is currently unknown. The shellcode used with the JIT Shellcode Runner would let us load a shared library from memory. This would avoid the need to write the shared library to disk.</p><p>Therefore, short term solution:</p><ul><li>Write JNA to disk, as it’s got a higher chance of being allowed by the file system<li>Use JNA to reflectively load our custom Railgun C library - resulting in the Railgun library not being written to disk</ul><p>Long term solution:</p><ul><li>Attempt to reflectively load JNA via reflection, which may be possible with <a href="https://github.com/schierlm/JavaPayload/blob/ec39092ad688d424755c3b289e022a40b01d635a/JavaPayload/src/javapayload/stage/JITShellcodeRunner.java">schierlm’s Java Shellcode prototype</a> - but the proof of concept was only verified to currently work with 32bit Java 1.7, and may not work on newer versions<li>Use the above reflection approach to also load Railgun</ul><h2 id="cimaven-changes"> <a href="#cimaven-changes" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="cimaven-changes"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> CI/Maven changes</h2><p>Maven would be updated to support building the Railgun libraries for each platform/architecture type that is supported. The required build artifacts would be chosen at runtime by msfconsole and sent to the Java Meterpreter session as part of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">stdapi</code>. An alternative to msfconsole bundling the stdapi dependencies at runtime, would involve building multiple pre-built Meterpreter Jar files for all of the possible platform/architectures.</p><h2 id="conclusion"> <a href="#conclusion" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="conclusion"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Conclusion</h2><p>There are quite a few moving parts to implementing this solution for Java. The simplest approaches have been chosen for this proposal.</p><hr><footer><p><a href="#top" id="back-to-top">Back to top</a></p><p class="text-small text-grey-dk-000 mb-0"> <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/docs/metasploit-framework.wiki/Java-Meterpreter-Feature-Parity-Proposal.md" id="edit-this-page">Edit this page on GitHub</a></p></footer></div></div><div class="search-overlay"></div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/toggle_mode.js"></script> <script> var config = { theme: 'default', logLevel: 'fatal', securityLevel: 'strict', startOnLoad: true, arrowMarkerAbsolute: false, er: { diagramPadding: 20, layoutDirection: 'TB', minEntityWidth: 100, minEntityHeight: 75, entityPadding: 15, stroke: 'gray', fill: 'honeydew', fontSize: 12, useMaxWidth: true, }, flowchart:{ diagramPadding: 8, htmlLabels: true, curve: 'basis', }, sequence: { diagramMarginX: 50, diagramMarginY: 10, actorMargin: 50, width: 150, height: 65, boxMargin: 10, boxTextMargin: 5, noteMargin: 10, messageMargin: 35, messageAlign: 'center', mirrorActors: true, bottomMarginAdj: 1, useMaxWidth: true, rightAngles: false, showSequenceNumbers: false, }, gantt: { titleTopMargin: 25, barHeight: 20, barGap: 4, topPadding: 50, leftPadding: 75, fontSize: 11, gridLineStartPadding: 35, fontFamily: '\'Open Sans\', sans-serif', numberSectionStyles: 4, axisFormat: '%Y-%m-%d', topAxis: false, }, }; mermaid.initialize(config); window.mermaid.init(undefined, document.querySelectorAll('.language-mermaid')); </script>
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