Justin Ibarra
d4cc4432ce
* Add tests to ensure rules are properly deprecated * add deprecate-rule command
525 lines
24 KiB
Python
525 lines
24 KiB
Python
# Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
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# or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
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# 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
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# 2.0.
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"""Test that all rules have valid metadata and syntax."""
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import json
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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from collections import defaultdict
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from pathlib import Path
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import eql
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import jsonschema
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import kql
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import toml
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import pytoml
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from rta import get_ttp_names
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from detection_rules import attack, beats, ecs
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from detection_rules.packaging import load_versions
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from detection_rules.rule_loader import FILE_PATTERN, find_unneeded_defaults_from_rule
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from detection_rules.utils import get_path, load_etc_dump
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from detection_rules.rule import Rule
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from .base import BaseRuleTest
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class TestValidRules(BaseRuleTest):
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"""Test that all detection rules load properly without duplicates."""
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def test_schema_and_dupes(self):
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"""Ensure that every rule matches the schema and there are no duplicates."""
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self.assertGreaterEqual(len(self.rule_files), 1, 'No rules were loaded from rules directory!')
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def test_all_rule_files(self):
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"""Ensure that every rule file can be loaded and validate against schema."""
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for file_name, contents in self.rule_files.items():
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try:
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Rule(file_name, contents)
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except (pytoml.TomlError, toml.TomlDecodeError) as e:
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print("TOML error when parsing rule file \"{}\"".format(os.path.basename(file_name)), file=sys.stderr)
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raise e
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except jsonschema.ValidationError as e:
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print("Schema error when parsing rule file \"{}\"".format(os.path.basename(file_name)), file=sys.stderr)
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raise e
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def test_file_names(self):
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"""Test that the file names meet the requirement."""
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file_pattern = FILE_PATTERN
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self.assertIsNone(re.match(file_pattern, 'NotValidRuleFile.toml'),
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f'Incorrect pattern for verifying rule names: {file_pattern}')
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self.assertIsNone(re.match(file_pattern, 'still_not_a_valid_file_name.not_json'),
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f'Incorrect pattern for verifying rule names: {file_pattern}')
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for rule_file in self.rule_files.keys():
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self.assertIsNotNone(re.match(file_pattern, os.path.basename(rule_file)),
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f'Invalid file name for {rule_file}')
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def test_all_rules_as_rule_schema(self):
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"""Ensure that every rule file validates against the rule schema."""
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rules_path = get_path('rules')
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for file_name, contents in self.rule_files.items():
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rule = Rule(file_name, contents)
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if rule.metadata['maturity'] == 'deprecated':
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continue
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try:
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rule.validate(as_rule=True)
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except jsonschema.ValidationError as exc:
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rule_path = Path(rule.path).relative_to(rules_path)
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exc.message = f'{rule_path} -> {exc}'
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raise exc
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def test_all_rule_queries_optimized(self):
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"""Ensure that every rule query is in optimized form."""
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for file_name, contents in self.rule_files.items():
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rule = Rule(file_name, contents)
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if rule.query and rule.contents['language'] == 'kuery':
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tree = kql.parse(rule.query, optimize=False)
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optimized = tree.optimize(recursive=True)
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err_message = f'\n{self.rule_str(rule)} Query not optimized for rule\n' \
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f'Expected: {optimized}\nActual: {rule.query}'
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self.assertEqual(tree, optimized, err_message)
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def test_no_unrequired_defaults(self):
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"""Test that values that are not required in the schema are not set with default values."""
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rules_with_hits = {}
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for file_name, contents in self.rule_files.items():
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rule = Rule(file_name, contents)
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default_matches = find_unneeded_defaults_from_rule(rule)
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if default_matches:
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rules_with_hits[self.rule_str(rule)] = default_matches
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error_msg = f'The following rules have unnecessary default values set: ' \
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f'\n{json.dumps(rules_with_hits, indent=2)}'
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self.assertDictEqual(rules_with_hits, {}, error_msg)
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def test_production_rules_have_rta(self):
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"""Ensure that all production rules have RTAs."""
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mappings = load_etc_dump('rule-mapping.yml')
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ttp_names = get_ttp_names()
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for rule in self.production_rules:
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if rule.type == 'query' and rule.id in mappings:
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matching_rta = mappings[rule.id].get('rta_name')
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self.assertIsNotNone(matching_rta, f'{self.rule_str(rule)} does not have RTAs')
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rta_name, ext = os.path.splitext(matching_rta)
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if rta_name not in ttp_names:
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self.fail(f'{self.rule_str(rule)} references unknown RTA: {rta_name}')
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def test_duplicate_file_names(self):
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"""Test that no file names are duplicated."""
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name_map = defaultdict(list)
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for file_path in self.rule_files:
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base_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
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name_map[base_name].append(file_path)
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duplicates = {name: paths for name, paths in name_map.items() if len(paths) > 1}
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if duplicates:
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self.fail(f"Found duplicated file names {duplicates}")
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class TestThreatMappings(BaseRuleTest):
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"""Test threat mapping data for rules."""
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def test_technique_deprecations(self):
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"""Check for use of any ATT&CK techniques that have been deprecated."""
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replacement_map = attack.techniques_redirect_map
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revoked = list(attack.revoked)
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deprecated = list(attack.deprecated)
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for rule in self.rules:
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revoked_techniques = {}
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threat_mapping = rule.contents.get('threat')
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if threat_mapping:
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for entry in threat_mapping:
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techniques = entry.get('technique', [])
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for technique in techniques:
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if technique['id'] in revoked + deprecated:
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revoked_techniques[technique['id']] = replacement_map.get(technique['id'],
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'DEPRECATED - DO NOT USE')
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if revoked_techniques:
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old_new_mapping = "\n".join(f'Actual: {k} -> Expected {v}' for k, v in revoked_techniques.items())
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self.fail(f'{self.rule_str(rule)} Using deprecated ATT&CK techniques: \n{old_new_mapping}')
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def test_tactic_to_technique_correlations(self):
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"""Ensure rule threat info is properly related to a single tactic and technique."""
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for rule in self.rules:
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threat_mapping = rule.contents.get('threat')
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if threat_mapping:
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for entry in threat_mapping:
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tactic = entry.get('tactic')
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techniques = entry.get('technique', [])
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mismatched = [t['id'] for t in techniques if t['id'] not in attack.matrix[tactic['name']]]
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if mismatched:
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self.fail(f'mismatched ATT&CK techniques for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)} '
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f'{", ".join(mismatched)} not under: {tactic["name"]}')
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# tactic
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expected_tactic = attack.tactics_map[tactic['name']]
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self.assertEqual(expected_tactic, tactic['id'],
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f'ATT&CK tactic mapping error for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)}\n'
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f'expected: {expected_tactic} for {tactic["name"]}\n'
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f'actual: {tactic["id"]}')
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tactic_reference_id = tactic['reference'].rstrip('/').split('/')[-1]
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self.assertEqual(tactic['id'], tactic_reference_id,
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f'ATT&CK tactic mapping error for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)}\n'
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f'tactic ID {tactic["id"]} does not match the reference URL ID '
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f'{tactic["reference"]}')
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# techniques
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for technique in techniques:
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expected_technique = attack.technique_lookup[technique['id']]['name']
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self.assertEqual(expected_technique, technique['name'],
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f'ATT&CK technique mapping error for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)}\n'
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f'expected: {expected_technique} for {technique["id"]}\n'
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f'actual: {technique["name"]}')
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technique_reference_id = technique['reference'].rstrip('/').split('/')[-1]
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self.assertEqual(technique['id'], technique_reference_id,
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f'ATT&CK technique mapping error for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)}\n'
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f'technique ID {technique["id"]} does not match the reference URL ID '
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f'{technique["reference"]}')
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# sub-techniques
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sub_techniques = technique.get('subtechnique')
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if sub_techniques:
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for sub_technique in sub_techniques:
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expected_sub_technique = attack.technique_lookup[sub_technique['id']]['name']
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self.assertEqual(expected_sub_technique, sub_technique['name'],
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f'ATT&CK sub-technique mapping error for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)}\n'
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f'expected: {expected_sub_technique} for {sub_technique["id"]}\n'
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f'actual: {sub_technique["name"]}')
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sub_technique_reference_id = '.'.join(
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sub_technique['reference'].rstrip('/').split('/')[-2:])
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self.assertEqual(sub_technique['id'], sub_technique_reference_id,
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f'ATT&CK sub-technique mapping error for rule: {self.rule_str(rule)}\n'
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f'sub-technique ID {sub_technique["id"]} does not match the reference URL ID ' # noqa: E501
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f'{sub_technique["reference"]}')
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def test_duplicated_tactics(self):
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"""Check that a tactic is only defined once."""
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for rule in self.rules:
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threat_mapping = rule.contents.get('threat', [])
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tactics = [t['tactic']['name'] for t in threat_mapping]
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duplicates = sorted(set(t for t in tactics if tactics.count(t) > 1))
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if duplicates:
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self.fail(f'{self.rule_str(rule)} duplicate tactics defined for {duplicates}. '
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f'Flatten to a single entry per tactic')
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class TestRuleTags(BaseRuleTest):
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"""Test tags data for rules."""
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def test_casing_and_spacing(self):
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"""Ensure consistent and expected casing for controlled tags."""
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def normalize(s):
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return ''.join(s.lower().split())
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expected_tags = [
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'APM', 'AWS', 'Asset Visibility', 'Azure', 'Configuration Audit', 'Continuous Monitoring',
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'Data Protection', 'Elastic', 'Elastic Endgame', 'Endpoint Security', 'GCP', 'Identity and Access', 'Linux',
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'Logging', 'ML', 'macOS', 'Monitoring', 'Network', 'Okta', 'Packetbeat', 'Post-Execution', 'SecOps',
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'Windows'
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]
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expected_case = {normalize(t): t for t in expected_tags}
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for rule in self.rules:
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rule_tags = rule.contents.get('tags')
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if rule_tags:
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invalid_tags = {t: expected_case[normalize(t)] for t in rule_tags
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if normalize(t) in list(expected_case) and t != expected_case[normalize(t)]}
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if invalid_tags:
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error_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} Invalid casing for expected tags\n'
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error_msg += f'Actual tags: {", ".join(invalid_tags)}\n'
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error_msg += f'Expected tags: {", ".join(invalid_tags.values())}'
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self.fail(error_msg)
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def test_required_tags(self):
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"""Test that expected tags are present within rules."""
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# indexes considered; only those with obvious relationships included
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# 'apm-*-transaction*', 'auditbeat-*', 'endgame-*', 'filebeat-*', 'logs-*', 'logs-aws*',
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# 'logs-endpoint.alerts-*', 'logs-endpoint.events.*', 'logs-okta*', 'packetbeat-*', 'winlogbeat-*'
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required_tags_map = {
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'apm-*-transaction*': {'all': ['APM']},
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'auditbeat-*': {'any': ['Windows', 'macOS', 'Linux']},
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'endgame-*': {'all': ['Elastic Endgame']},
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'logs-aws*': {'all': ['AWS']},
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'logs-endpoint.alerts-*': {'all': ['Endpoint Security']},
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'logs-endpoint.events.*': {'any': ['Windows', 'macOS', 'Linux', 'Host']},
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'logs-okta*': {'all': ['Okta']},
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'logs-windows.*': {'all': ['Windows']},
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'packetbeat-*': {'all': ['Network']},
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'winlogbeat-*': {'all': ['Windows']}
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}
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for rule in self.rules:
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rule_tags = rule.contents.get('tags', [])
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indexes = rule.contents.get('index', [])
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error_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} Missing tags:\nActual tags: {", ".join(rule_tags)}'
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consolidated_optional_tags = []
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is_missing_any_tags = False
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missing_required_tags = set()
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if 'Elastic' not in rule_tags:
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missing_required_tags.add('Elastic')
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for index in indexes:
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expected_tags = required_tags_map.get(index, {})
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expected_all = expected_tags.get('all', [])
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expected_any = expected_tags.get('any', [])
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existing_any_tags = [t for t in rule_tags if t in expected_any]
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if expected_any:
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# consolidate optional any tags which are not in use
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consolidated_optional_tags.extend(t for t in expected_any if t not in existing_any_tags)
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missing_required_tags.update(set(expected_all).difference(set(rule_tags)))
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is_missing_any_tags = expected_any and not set(expected_any) & set(existing_any_tags)
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consolidated_optional_tags = [t for t in consolidated_optional_tags if t not in missing_required_tags]
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error_msg += f'\nMissing all of: {", ".join(missing_required_tags)}' if missing_required_tags else ''
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error_msg += f'\nMissing any of: {", " .join(consolidated_optional_tags)}' if is_missing_any_tags else ''
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if missing_required_tags or is_missing_any_tags:
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self.fail(error_msg)
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def test_primary_tactic_as_tag(self):
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from detection_rules.attack import tactics
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invalid = []
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tactics = set(tactics)
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for rule in self.rules:
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rule_tags = rule.contents['tags']
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if 'Continuous Monitoring' in rule_tags or rule.type == 'machine_learning':
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continue
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threat = rule.contents.get('threat')
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if threat:
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missing = []
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threat_tactic_names = [e['tactic']['name'] for e in threat]
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primary_tactic = threat_tactic_names[0]
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if 'Threat Detection' not in rule_tags:
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missing.append('Threat Detection')
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# missing primary tactic
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if primary_tactic not in rule.contents['tags']:
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missing.append(primary_tactic)
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# listed tactic that is not in threat mapping
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tag_tactics = set(rule_tags).intersection(tactics)
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missing_from_threat = list(tag_tactics.difference(threat_tactic_names))
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if missing or missing_from_threat:
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err_msg = self.rule_str(rule)
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if missing:
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err_msg += f'\n expected: {missing}'
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if missing_from_threat:
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err_msg += f'\n unexpected (or missing from threat mapping): {missing_from_threat}'
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invalid.append(err_msg)
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if invalid:
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err_msg = '\n'.join(invalid)
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self.fail(f'Rules with misaligned tags and tactics:\n{err_msg}')
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class TestRuleTimelines(BaseRuleTest):
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"""Test timelines in rules are valid."""
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TITLES = {
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'db366523-f1c6-4c1f-8731-6ce5ed9e5717': 'Generic Endpoint Timeline',
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'91832785-286d-4ebe-b884-1a208d111a70': 'Generic Network Timeline',
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'76e52245-7519-4251-91ab-262fb1a1728c': 'Generic Process Timeline'
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}
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def test_timeline_has_title(self):
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"""Ensure rules with timelines have a corresponding title."""
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for rule in self.rules:
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timeline_id = rule.contents.get('timeline_id')
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timeline_title = rule.contents.get('timeline_title')
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if (timeline_title or timeline_id) and not (timeline_title and timeline_id):
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missing_err = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} timeline "title" and "id" required when timelines are defined'
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self.fail(missing_err)
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if timeline_id:
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unknown_id = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} Unknown timeline_id: {timeline_id}.'
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unknown_id += f' replace with {", ".join(self.TITLES)} or update this unit test with acceptable ids'
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self.assertIn(timeline_id, list(self.TITLES), unknown_id)
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unknown_title = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} unknown timeline_title: {timeline_title}'
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unknown_title += f' replace with {", ".join(self.TITLES.values())}'
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unknown_title += ' or update this unit test with acceptable titles'
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self.assertEqual(timeline_title, self.TITLES[timeline_id], )
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class TestRuleFiles(BaseRuleTest):
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"""Test the expected file names."""
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def test_rule_file_names_by_tactic(self):
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"""Test to ensure rule files have the primary tactic prepended to the filename."""
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bad_name_rules = []
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for rule in self.rules:
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rule_path = Path(rule.path).resolve()
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filename = rule_path.name
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if rule_path.parent.name == 'ml':
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continue
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threat = rule.contents.get('threat', [])
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authors = rule.contents.get('author', [])
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if threat and 'Elastic' in authors:
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primary_tactic = threat[0]['tactic']['name']
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tactic_str = primary_tactic.lower().replace(' ', '_')
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if tactic_str != filename[:len(tactic_str)]:
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bad_name_rules.append(f'{rule.id} - {Path(rule.path).name} -> expected: {tactic_str}')
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if bad_name_rules:
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error_msg = 'filename does not start with the primary tactic - update the tactic or the rule filename'
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rule_err_str = '\n'.join(bad_name_rules)
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self.fail(f'{error_msg}:\n{rule_err_str}')
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class TestRuleMetadata(BaseRuleTest):
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"""Test the metadata of rules."""
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def test_ecs_and_beats_opt_in_not_latest_only(self):
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"""Test that explicitly defined opt-in validation is not only the latest versions to avoid stale tests."""
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for rule in self.rules:
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beats_version = rule.metadata.get('beats_version')
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ecs_versions = rule.metadata.get('ecs_versions', [])
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latest_beats = str(beats.get_max_version())
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latest_ecs = ecs.get_max_version()
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error_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} it is unnecessary to define the current latest beats version: ' \
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f'{latest_beats}'
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self.assertNotEqual(latest_beats, beats_version, error_msg)
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if len(ecs_versions) == 1:
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error_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} it is unnecessary to define the current latest ecs version if ' \
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f'only one version is specified: {latest_ecs}'
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self.assertNotIn(latest_ecs, ecs_versions, error_msg)
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def test_updated_date_newer_than_creation(self):
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"""Test that the updated_date is newer than the creation date."""
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invalid = []
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for rule in self.rules:
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created = tuple(rule.metadata['creation_date'].split('/'))
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updated = tuple(rule.metadata['updated_date'].split('/'))
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if updated < created:
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|
invalid.append(rule)
|
|
|
|
if invalid:
|
|
rules_str = '\n '.join(self.rule_str(r, trailer=None) for r in invalid)
|
|
err_msg = f'The following rules have an updated_date older than the creation_date\n {rules_str}'
|
|
self.fail(err_msg)
|
|
|
|
def test_deprecated_rules(self):
|
|
"""Test that deprecated rules are properly handled."""
|
|
versions = load_versions()
|
|
deprecations = load_etc_dump('deprecated_rules.json')
|
|
deprecated_rules = {}
|
|
|
|
for rule in self.rules:
|
|
maturity = rule.metadata['maturity']
|
|
|
|
if maturity == 'deprecated':
|
|
deprecated_rules[rule.id] = rule
|
|
err_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} cannot be deprecated if it has not been version locked. ' \
|
|
f'Convert to `development` or delete the rule file instead'
|
|
self.assertIn(rule.id, versions, err_msg)
|
|
|
|
rule_path = Path(rule.path).relative_to(get_path('rules'))
|
|
err_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} deprecated rules should be stored in ' \
|
|
f'"{get_path("rules", "_deprecated")}" folder'
|
|
self.assertEqual('_deprecated', rule_path.parts[0], err_msg)
|
|
|
|
err_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} missing deprecation date'
|
|
self.assertIn('deprecation_date', rule.metadata, err_msg)
|
|
|
|
err_msg = f'{self.rule_str(rule)} deprecation_date and updated_date should match'
|
|
self.assertEqual(rule.metadata['deprecation_date'], rule.metadata['updated_date'], err_msg)
|
|
|
|
missing_rules = sorted(set(versions).difference(set(self.rule_lookup)))
|
|
missing_rule_strings = '\n '.join(f'{r} - {versions[r]["rule_name"]}' for r in missing_rules)
|
|
err_msg = f'Deprecated rules should not be removed, but moved to the rules/_deprecated folder instead. ' \
|
|
f'The following rules have been version locked and are missing. ' \
|
|
f'Re-add to the deprecated folder and update maturity to "deprecated": \n {missing_rule_strings}'
|
|
self.assertEqual([], missing_rules, err_msg)
|
|
|
|
for rule_id, entry in deprecations.items():
|
|
rule_str = f'{rule_id} - {entry["rule_name"]} ->'
|
|
self.assertIn(rule_id, deprecated_rules, f'{rule_str} is logged in "deprecated_rules.json" but is missing')
|
|
|
|
|
|
class TestTuleTiming(BaseRuleTest):
|
|
"""Test rule timing and timestamps."""
|
|
|
|
def test_event_override(self):
|
|
"""Test that rules have defined an timestamp_override if needed."""
|
|
missing = []
|
|
|
|
for rule in self.rules:
|
|
required = False
|
|
|
|
if 'endgame-*' in rule.contents.get('index', []):
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
if rule.type == 'query':
|
|
required = True
|
|
elif rule.type == 'eql' and eql.utils.get_query_type(rule.parsed_query) != 'sequence':
|
|
required = True
|
|
|
|
if required and not rule.contents.get('timestamp_override', '') == 'event.ingested':
|
|
missing.append(rule)
|
|
|
|
if missing:
|
|
rules_str = '\n '.join(self.rule_str(r, trailer=None) for r in missing)
|
|
err_msg = f'The following rules should have the `timestamp_override` set to `event.ingested`\n {rules_str}'
|
|
self.fail(err_msg)
|
|
|
|
def test_required_lookback(self):
|
|
"""Ensure endpoint rules have the proper lookback time."""
|
|
rule_types = ('query', 'eql', 'threshold')
|
|
long_indexes = {'logs-endpoint.events.*'}
|
|
missing = []
|
|
|
|
for rule in self.rules:
|
|
contents = rule.contents
|
|
|
|
if rule.type in rule_types and set(contents.get('index', [])) & long_indexes and not contents.get('from'):
|
|
missing.append(rule)
|
|
|
|
if missing:
|
|
rules_str = '\n '.join(self.rule_str(r, trailer=None) for r in missing)
|
|
err_msg = f'The following rules should have a longer `from` defined, due to indexes used\n {rules_str}'
|
|
self.fail(err_msg)
|