# Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one # or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License # 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License # 2.0. """Rule object.""" import copy import dataclasses import json import os import time import typing from abc import ABC, abstractmethod from dataclasses import dataclass, field from functools import cached_property from pathlib import Path from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Tuple, Union from uuid import uuid4 import eql import marshmallow from semver import Version from marko.block import Document as MarkoDocument from marko.ext.gfm import gfm from marshmallow import ValidationError, validates_schema, pre_load import kql from . import beats, ecs, endgame, utils from .integrations import (find_least_compatible_version, get_integration_schema_fields, load_integrations_manifests, load_integrations_schemas, parse_datasets) from .misc import load_current_package_version from .mixins import MarshmallowDataclassMixin, StackCompatMixin from .rule_formatter import nested_normalize, toml_write from .schemas import (SCHEMA_DIR, definitions, downgrade, get_min_supported_stack_version, get_stack_schemas, strip_non_public_fields) from .schemas.stack_compat import get_restricted_fields from .utils import cached, convert_time_span, PatchedTemplate _META_SCHEMA_REQ_DEFAULTS = {} MIN_FLEET_PACKAGE_VERSION = '7.13.0' TIME_NOW = time.strftime('%Y/%m/%d') BUILD_FIELD_VERSIONS = { "related_integrations": (Version.parse('8.3.0'), None), "required_fields": (Version.parse('8.3.0'), None), "setup": (Version.parse('8.3.0'), None) } @dataclass class DictRule: """Simple object wrapper for raw rule dicts.""" contents: dict path: Optional[Path] = None @property def metadata(self) -> dict: """Metadata portion of TOML file rule.""" return self.contents.get('metadata', {}) @property def data(self) -> dict: """Rule portion of TOML file rule.""" return self.contents.get('data') or self.contents @property def id(self) -> str: """Get the rule ID.""" return self.data['rule_id'] @property def name(self) -> str: """Get the rule name.""" return self.data['name'] def __hash__(self) -> int: """Get the hash of the rule.""" return hash(self.id + self.name) def __repr__(self) -> str: """Get a string representation of the rule.""" return f"Rule({self.name} {self.id})" @dataclass(frozen=True) class RuleMeta(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): """Data stored in a rule's [metadata] section of TOML.""" creation_date: definitions.Date updated_date: definitions.Date deprecation_date: Optional[definitions.Date] # Optional fields bypass_bbr_timing: Optional[bool] comments: Optional[str] integration: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] maturity: Optional[definitions.Maturity] min_stack_version: Optional[definitions.SemVer] min_stack_comments: Optional[str] os_type_list: Optional[List[definitions.OSType]] query_schema_validation: Optional[bool] related_endpoint_rules: Optional[List[str]] promotion: Optional[bool] # Extended information as an arbitrary dictionary extended: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] def get_validation_stack_versions(self) -> Dict[str, dict]: """Get a dict of beats and ecs versions per stack release.""" stack_versions = get_stack_schemas(self.min_stack_version) return stack_versions @dataclass(frozen=True) class RuleTransform(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): """Data stored in a rule's [transform] section of TOML.""" # note (investigation guides) Markdown plugins # /elastic/kibana/tree/main/x-pack/plugins/security_solution/public/common/components/markdown_editor/plugins ############################################## # timelines out of scope at the moment @dataclass(frozen=True) class OsQuery: label: str query: str ecs_mapping: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[Literal['field', 'value'], str]]] @dataclass(frozen=True) class Investigate: @dataclass(frozen=True) class Provider: excluded: bool field: str queryType: definitions.InvestigateProviderQueryType value: str valueType: definitions.InvestigateProviderValueType label: str description: Optional[str] providers: List[List[Provider]] relativeFrom: Optional[str] relativeTo: Optional[str] # these must be lists in order to have more than one. Their index in the list is how they will be referenced in the # note string templates osquery: Optional[List[OsQuery]] investigate: Optional[List[Investigate]] def render_investigate_osquery_to_string(self) -> Dict[definitions.TransformTypes, List[str]]: obj = self.to_dict() rendered: Dict[definitions.TransformTypes, List[str]] = {'osquery': [], 'investigate': []} for plugin, entries in obj.items(): for entry in entries: rendered[plugin].append(f'!{{{plugin}{json.dumps(entry, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))}}}') return rendered ############################################## @dataclass(frozen=True) class BaseThreatEntry: id: str name: str reference: str @dataclass(frozen=True) class SubTechnique(BaseThreatEntry): """Mapping to threat subtechnique.""" reference: definitions.SubTechniqueURL @dataclass(frozen=True) class Technique(BaseThreatEntry): """Mapping to threat subtechnique.""" # subtechniques are stored at threat[].technique.subtechnique[] reference: definitions.TechniqueURL subtechnique: Optional[List[SubTechnique]] @dataclass(frozen=True) class Tactic(BaseThreatEntry): """Mapping to a threat tactic.""" reference: definitions.TacticURL @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThreatMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): """Mapping to a threat framework.""" framework: Literal["MITRE ATT&CK"] tactic: Tactic technique: Optional[List[Technique]] @staticmethod def flatten(threat_mappings: Optional[List]) -> 'FlatThreatMapping': """Get flat lists of tactic and technique info.""" tactic_names = [] tactic_ids = [] technique_ids = set() technique_names = set() sub_technique_ids = set() sub_technique_names = set() for entry in (threat_mappings or []): tactic_names.append(entry.tactic.name) tactic_ids.append(entry.tactic.id) for technique in (entry.technique or []): technique_names.add(technique.name) technique_ids.add(technique.id) for subtechnique in (technique.subtechnique or []): sub_technique_ids.add(subtechnique.id) sub_technique_names.add(subtechnique.name) return FlatThreatMapping( tactic_names=sorted(tactic_names), tactic_ids=sorted(tactic_ids), technique_names=sorted(technique_names), technique_ids=sorted(technique_ids), sub_technique_names=sorted(sub_technique_names), sub_technique_ids=sorted(sub_technique_ids) ) @dataclass(frozen=True) class RiskScoreMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): field: str operator: Optional[definitions.Operator] value: Optional[str] @dataclass(frozen=True) class SeverityMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): field: str operator: Optional[definitions.Operator] value: Optional[str] severity: Optional[str] @dataclass(frozen=True) class FlatThreatMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): tactic_names: List[str] tactic_ids: List[str] technique_names: List[str] technique_ids: List[str] sub_technique_names: List[str] sub_technique_ids: List[str] @dataclass(frozen=True) class AlertSuppressionDuration: """Mapping to alert suppression duration.""" unit: definitions.TimeUnits value: definitions.AlertSuppressionValue @dataclass(frozen=True) class AlertSuppressionMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin, StackCompatMixin): """Mapping to alert suppression.""" group_by: definitions.AlertSuppressionGroupBy duration: Optional[AlertSuppressionDuration] missing_fields_strategy: definitions.AlertSuppressionMissing @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThresholdAlertSuppression: """Mapping to alert suppression.""" duration: AlertSuppressionDuration @dataclass(frozen=True) class FilterStateStore: store: definitions.StoreType @dataclass(frozen=True) class FilterMeta: alias: Optional[Union[str, None]] = None disabled: Optional[bool] = None negate: Optional[bool] = None controlledBy: Optional[str] = None # identify who owns the filter group: Optional[str] = None # allows grouping of filters index: Optional[str] = None isMultiIndex: Optional[bool] = None type: Optional[str] = None key: Optional[str] = None params: Optional[str] = None # Expand to FilterMetaParams when needed value: Optional[str] = None @dataclass(frozen=True) class WildcardQuery: case_insensitive: bool value: str @dataclass(frozen=True) class Query: wildcard: Optional[Dict[str, WildcardQuery]] = None @dataclass(frozen=True) class Filter: """Kibana Filter for Base Rule Data.""" # TODO: Currently unused in BaseRuleData. Revisit to extend or remove. # https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/issues/3773 meta: FilterMeta state: Optional[FilterStateStore] = field(metadata=dict(data_key="$state")) query: Optional[Union[Query, Dict[str, Any]]] = None @dataclass(frozen=True) class BaseRuleData(MarshmallowDataclassMixin, StackCompatMixin): """Base rule data.""" @dataclass class InvestigationFields: field_names: List[definitions.NonEmptyStr] @dataclass class RequiredFields: name: definitions.NonEmptyStr type: definitions.NonEmptyStr ecs: bool @dataclass class RelatedIntegrations: package: definitions.NonEmptyStr version: definitions.NonEmptyStr integration: Optional[definitions.NonEmptyStr] actions: Optional[list] author: List[str] building_block_type: Optional[definitions.BuildingBlockType] description: str enabled: Optional[bool] exceptions_list: Optional[list] license: Optional[str] false_positives: Optional[List[str]] filters: Optional[List[dict]] # trailing `_` required since `from` is a reserved word in python from_: Optional[str] = field(metadata=dict(data_key="from")) interval: Optional[definitions.Interval] investigation_fields: Optional[InvestigationFields] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.11"))) max_signals: Optional[definitions.MaxSignals] meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] name: definitions.RuleName note: Optional[definitions.Markdown] # can we remove this comment? # explicitly NOT allowed! # output_index: Optional[str] references: Optional[List[str]] related_integrations: Optional[List[RelatedIntegrations]] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.3"))) required_fields: Optional[List[RequiredFields]] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.3"))) risk_score: definitions.RiskScore risk_score_mapping: Optional[List[RiskScoreMapping]] rule_id: definitions.UUIDString rule_name_override: Optional[str] setup: Optional[definitions.Markdown] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.3"))) severity_mapping: Optional[List[SeverityMapping]] severity: definitions.Severity tags: Optional[List[str]] throttle: Optional[str] timeline_id: Optional[definitions.TimelineTemplateId] timeline_title: Optional[definitions.TimelineTemplateTitle] timestamp_override: Optional[str] to: Optional[str] type: definitions.RuleType threat: Optional[List[ThreatMapping]] @classmethod def save_schema(cls): """Save the schema as a jsonschema.""" fields: Tuple[dataclasses.Field, ...] = dataclasses.fields(cls) type_field = next(f for f in fields if f.name == "type") rule_type = typing.get_args(type_field.type)[0] if cls != BaseRuleData else "base" schema = cls.jsonschema() version_dir = SCHEMA_DIR / "master" version_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True) # expand out the jsonschema definitions with (version_dir / f"master.{rule_type}.json").open("w") as f: json.dump(schema, f, indent=2, sort_keys=True) def validate_query(self, meta: RuleMeta) -> None: pass @cached_property def get_restricted_fields(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, tuple]]: """Get stack version restricted fields.""" fields: List[dataclasses.Field, ...] = list(dataclasses.fields(self)) return get_restricted_fields(fields) @cached_property def data_validator(self) -> Optional['DataValidator']: return DataValidator(is_elastic_rule=self.is_elastic_rule, **self.to_dict()) @cached_property def notify(self) -> bool: return os.environ.get('DR_NOTIFY_INTEGRATION_UPDATE_AVAILABLE') is not None @cached_property def parsed_note(self) -> Optional[MarkoDocument]: dv = self.data_validator if dv: return dv.parsed_note @property def is_elastic_rule(self): return 'elastic' in [a.lower() for a in self.author] def get_build_fields(self) -> {}: """Get a list of build-time fields along with the stack versions which they will build within.""" build_fields = {} rule_fields = {f.name: f for f in dataclasses.fields(self)} for fld in BUILD_FIELD_VERSIONS: if fld in rule_fields: build_fields[fld] = BUILD_FIELD_VERSIONS[fld] return build_fields @classmethod def process_transforms(cls, transform: RuleTransform, obj: dict) -> dict: """Process transforms from toml [transform] called in TOMLRuleContents.to_dict.""" # only create functions that CAREFULLY mutate the obj dict def process_note_plugins(): """Format the note field with osquery and investigate plugin strings.""" note = obj.get('note') if not note: return rendered = transform.render_investigate_osquery_to_string() rendered_patterns = {} for plugin, entries in rendered.items(): rendered_patterns.update(**{f'{plugin}_{i}': e for i, e in enumerate(entries)}) note_template = PatchedTemplate(note) rendered_note = note_template.safe_substitute(**rendered_patterns) obj['note'] = rendered_note # call transform functions if transform: process_note_plugins() return obj class DataValidator: """Additional validation beyond base marshmallow schema validation.""" def __init__(self, name: definitions.RuleName, is_elastic_rule: bool, note: Optional[definitions.Markdown] = None, interval: Optional[definitions.Interval] = None, building_block_type: Optional[definitions.BuildingBlockType] = None, setup: Optional[str] = None, **extras): # only define fields needing additional validation self.name = name self.is_elastic_rule = is_elastic_rule self.note = note # Need to use extras because from is a reserved word in python self.from_ = extras.get('from') self.interval = interval self.building_block_type = building_block_type self.setup = setup self._setup_in_note = False @cached_property def parsed_note(self) -> Optional[MarkoDocument]: if self.note: return gfm.parse(self.note) @property def setup_in_note(self): return self._setup_in_note @setup_in_note.setter def setup_in_note(self, value: bool): self._setup_in_note = value @cached_property def skip_validate_note(self) -> bool: return os.environ.get('DR_BYPASS_NOTE_VALIDATION_AND_PARSE') is not None @cached_property def skip_validate_bbr(self) -> bool: return os.environ.get('DR_BYPASS_BBR_LOOKBACK_VALIDATION') is not None def validate_bbr(self, bypass: bool = False): """Validate building block type and rule type.""" if self.skip_validate_bbr or bypass: return def validate_lookback(str_time: str) -> bool: """Validate that the time is at least now-119m and at least 60m respectively.""" try: if "now-" in str_time: str_time = str_time[4:] time = convert_time_span(str_time) # if from time is less than 119m as milliseconds if time < 119 * 60 * 1000: return False else: return False except Exception as e: raise ValidationError(f"Invalid time format: {e}") return True def validate_interval(str_time: str) -> bool: """Validate that the time is at least now-119m and at least 60m respectively.""" try: time = convert_time_span(str_time) # if interval time is less than 60m as milliseconds if time < 60 * 60 * 1000: return False except Exception as e: raise ValidationError(f"Invalid time format: {e}") return True bypass_instructions = "To bypass, use the environment variable `DR_BYPASS_BBR_LOOKBACK_VALIDATION`" if self.building_block_type: if not self.from_ or not self.interval: raise ValidationError( f"{self.name} is invalid." "BBR require `from` and `interval` to be defined. " "Please set or bypass." + bypass_instructions ) elif not validate_lookback(self.from_) or not validate_interval(self.interval): raise ValidationError( f"{self.name} is invalid." "Default BBR require `from` and `interval` to be at least now-119m and at least 60m respectively " "(using the now-Xm and Xm format where x is in minuets). " "Please update values or bypass. " + bypass_instructions ) def validate_note(self): if self.skip_validate_note or not self.note: return try: for child in self.parsed_note.children: if child.get_type() == "Heading": header = gfm.renderer.render_children(child) if header.lower() == "setup": # check that the Setup header is correctly formatted at level 2 if child.level != 2: raise ValidationError(f"Setup section with wrong header level: {child.level}") # check that the Setup header is capitalized if child.level == 2 and header != "Setup": raise ValidationError(f"Setup header has improper casing: {header}") self.setup_in_note = True else: # check that the header Config does not exist in the Setup section if child.level == 2 and "config" in header.lower(): raise ValidationError(f"Setup header contains Config: {header}") except Exception as e: raise ValidationError(f"Invalid markdown in rule `{self.name}`: {e}. To bypass validation on the `note`" f"field, use the environment variable `DR_BYPASS_NOTE_VALIDATION_AND_PARSE`") # raise if setup header is in note and in setup if self.setup_in_note and self.setup: raise ValidationError("Setup header found in both note and setup fields.") @dataclass class QueryValidator: query: str @property def ast(self) -> Any: raise NotImplementedError() @property def unique_fields(self) -> Any: raise NotImplementedError() def validate(self, data: 'QueryRuleData', meta: RuleMeta) -> None: raise NotImplementedError() @cached def get_required_fields(self, index: str) -> List[Optional[dict]]: """Retrieves fields needed for the query along with type information from the schema.""" if isinstance(self, ESQLValidator): return [] current_version = Version.parse(load_current_package_version(), optional_minor_and_patch=True) ecs_version = get_stack_schemas()[str(current_version)]['ecs'] beats_version = get_stack_schemas()[str(current_version)]['beats'] endgame_version = get_stack_schemas()[str(current_version)]['endgame'] ecs_schema = ecs.get_schema(ecs_version) beat_types, beat_schema, schema = self.get_beats_schema(index or [], beats_version, ecs_version) endgame_schema = self.get_endgame_schema(index or [], endgame_version) # construct integration schemas packages_manifest = load_integrations_manifests() integrations_schemas = load_integrations_schemas() datasets, _ = beats.get_datasets_and_modules(self.ast) package_integrations = parse_datasets(datasets, packages_manifest) int_schema = {} data = {"notify": False} for pk_int in package_integrations: package = pk_int["package"] integration = pk_int["integration"] schema, _ = get_integration_schema_fields(integrations_schemas, package, integration, current_version, packages_manifest, {}, data) int_schema.update(schema) required = [] unique_fields = self.unique_fields or [] for fld in unique_fields: field_type = ecs_schema.get(fld, {}).get('type') is_ecs = field_type is not None if not is_ecs: if int_schema: field_type = int_schema.get(fld, None) elif beat_schema: field_type = beat_schema.get(fld, {}).get('type') elif endgame_schema: field_type = endgame_schema.endgame_schema.get(fld, None) required.append(dict(name=fld, type=field_type or 'unknown', ecs=is_ecs)) return sorted(required, key=lambda f: f['name']) @cached def get_beats_schema(self, index: list, beats_version: str, ecs_version: str) -> (list, dict, dict): """Get an assembled beats schema.""" beat_types = beats.parse_beats_from_index(index) beat_schema = beats.get_schema_from_kql(self.ast, beat_types, version=beats_version) if beat_types else None schema = ecs.get_kql_schema(version=ecs_version, indexes=index, beat_schema=beat_schema) return beat_types, beat_schema, schema @cached def get_endgame_schema(self, index: list, endgame_version: str) -> Optional[endgame.EndgameSchema]: """Get an assembled flat endgame schema.""" if index and "endgame-*" not in index: return None endgame_schema = endgame.read_endgame_schema(endgame_version=endgame_version) return endgame.EndgameSchema(endgame_schema) @dataclass(frozen=True) class QueryRuleData(BaseRuleData): """Specific fields for query event types.""" type: Literal["query"] index: Optional[List[str]] data_view_id: Optional[str] query: str language: definitions.FilterLanguages alert_suppression: Optional[AlertSuppressionMapping] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.8"))) @cached_property def validator(self) -> Optional[QueryValidator]: if self.language == "kuery": return KQLValidator(self.query) elif self.language == "eql": return EQLValidator(self.query) elif self.language == "esql": return ESQLValidator(self.query) def validate_query(self, meta: RuleMeta) -> None: validator = self.validator if validator is not None: return validator.validate(self, meta) @cached_property def ast(self): validator = self.validator if validator is not None: return validator.ast @cached_property def unique_fields(self): validator = self.validator if validator is not None: return validator.unique_fields @cached def get_required_fields(self, index: str) -> List[dict]: validator = self.validator if validator is not None: return validator.get_required_fields(index or []) @validates_schema def validates_index_and_data_view_id(self, data, **kwargs): """Validate that either index or data_view_id is set, but not both.""" if data.get('index') and data.get('data_view_id'): raise ValidationError("Only one of index or data_view_id should be set.") @validates_schema def validates_query_data(self, data, **kwargs): """Custom validation for query rule type and subclasses.""" # alert suppression is only valid for query rule type and not any of its subclasses if data.get('alert_suppression') and data['type'] not in ('query', 'threshold'): raise ValidationError("Alert suppression is only valid for query and threshold rule types.") @dataclass(frozen=True) class MachineLearningRuleData(BaseRuleData): type: Literal["machine_learning"] anomaly_threshold: int machine_learning_job_id: Union[str, List[str]] @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThresholdQueryRuleData(QueryRuleData): """Specific fields for query event types.""" @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThresholdMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThresholdCardinality: field: str value: definitions.ThresholdValue field: definitions.CardinalityFields value: definitions.ThresholdValue cardinality: Optional[List[ThresholdCardinality]] type: Literal["threshold"] threshold: ThresholdMapping alert_suppression: Optional[ThresholdAlertSuppression] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.12"))) @dataclass(frozen=True) class NewTermsRuleData(QueryRuleData): """Specific fields for new terms field rule.""" @dataclass(frozen=True) class NewTermsMapping(MarshmallowDataclassMixin): @dataclass(frozen=True) class HistoryWindowStart: field: definitions.NonEmptyStr value: definitions.NonEmptyStr field: definitions.NonEmptyStr value: definitions.NewTermsFields history_window_start: List[HistoryWindowStart] type: Literal["new_terms"] new_terms: NewTermsMapping @pre_load def preload_data(self, data: dict, **kwargs) -> dict: """Preloads and formats the data to match the required schema.""" if "new_terms_fields" in data and "history_window_start" in data: new_terms_mapping = { "field": "new_terms_fields", "value": data["new_terms_fields"], "history_window_start": [ { "field": "history_window_start", "value": data["history_window_start"] } ] } data["new_terms"] = new_terms_mapping # cleanup original fields after building into our toml format data.pop("new_terms_fields") data.pop("history_window_start") return data def transform(self, obj: dict) -> dict: """Transforms new terms data to API format for Kibana.""" obj[obj["new_terms"].get("field")] = obj["new_terms"].get("value") obj["history_window_start"] = obj["new_terms"]["history_window_start"][0].get("value") del obj["new_terms"] return obj @dataclass(frozen=True) class EQLRuleData(QueryRuleData): """EQL rules are a special case of query rules.""" type: Literal["eql"] language: Literal["eql"] timestamp_field: Optional[str] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.0"))) event_category_override: Optional[str] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.0"))) tiebreaker_field: Optional[str] = field(metadata=dict(metadata=dict(min_compat="8.0"))) def convert_relative_delta(self, lookback: str) -> int: now = len("now") min_length = now + len('+5m') if lookback.startswith("now") and len(lookback) >= min_length: lookback = lookback[len("now"):] sign = lookback[0] # + or - span = lookback[1:] amount = convert_time_span(span) return amount * (-1 if sign == "-" else 1) else: return convert_time_span(lookback) @cached_property def is_sample(self) -> bool: """Checks if the current rule is a sample-based rule.""" return eql.utils.get_query_type(self.ast) == 'sample' @cached_property def is_sequence(self) -> bool: """Checks if the current rule is a sequence-based rule.""" return eql.utils.get_query_type(self.ast) == 'sequence' @cached_property def max_span(self) -> Optional[int]: """Maxspan value for sequence rules if defined.""" if self.is_sequence and hasattr(self.ast.first, 'max_span'): return self.ast.first.max_span.as_milliseconds() if self.ast.first.max_span else None @cached_property def look_back(self) -> Optional[Union[int, Literal['unknown']]]: """Lookback value of a rule.""" # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/common-options.html#date-math to = self.convert_relative_delta(self.to) if self.to else 0 from_ = self.convert_relative_delta(self.from_ or "now-6m") if not (to or from_): return 'unknown' else: return to - from_ @cached_property def interval_ratio(self) -> Optional[float]: """Ratio of interval time window / max_span time window.""" if self.max_span: interval = convert_time_span(self.interval or '5m') return interval / self.max_span @dataclass(frozen=True) class ESQLRuleData(QueryRuleData): """ESQL rules are a special case of query rules.""" type: Literal["esql"] language: Literal["esql"] query: str @validates_schema def validates_esql_data(self, data, **kwargs): """Custom validation for query rule type and subclasses.""" if data.get('index'): raise ValidationError("Index is not a valid field for ES|QL rule type.") @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThreatMatchRuleData(QueryRuleData): """Specific fields for indicator (threat) match rule.""" @dataclass(frozen=True) class Entries: @dataclass(frozen=True) class ThreatMapEntry: field: definitions.NonEmptyStr type: Literal["mapping"] value: definitions.NonEmptyStr entries: List[ThreatMapEntry] type: Literal["threat_match"] concurrent_searches: Optional[definitions.PositiveInteger] items_per_search: Optional[definitions.PositiveInteger] threat_mapping: List[Entries] threat_filters: Optional[List[dict]] threat_query: Optional[str] threat_language: Optional[definitions.FilterLanguages] threat_index: List[str] threat_indicator_path: Optional[str] def validate_query(self, meta: RuleMeta) -> None: super(ThreatMatchRuleData, self).validate_query(meta) if self.threat_query: if not self.threat_language: raise ValidationError('`threat_language` required when a `threat_query` is defined') if self.threat_language == "kuery": threat_query_validator = KQLValidator(self.threat_query) elif self.threat_language == "eql": threat_query_validator = EQLValidator(self.threat_query) else: return threat_query_validator.validate(self, meta) # All of the possible rule types # Sort inverse of any inheritance - see comment in TOMLRuleContents.to_dict AnyRuleData = Union[EQLRuleData, ESQLRuleData, ThresholdQueryRuleData, ThreatMatchRuleData, MachineLearningRuleData, QueryRuleData, NewTermsRuleData] class BaseRuleContents(ABC): """Base contents object for shared methods between active and deprecated rules.""" @property @abstractmethod def id(self): pass @property @abstractmethod def name(self): pass @property @abstractmethod def version_lock(self): pass @property @abstractmethod def type(self): pass def lock_info(self, bump=True) -> dict: version = self.autobumped_version if bump else (self.latest_version or 1) contents = {"rule_name": self.name, "sha256": self.sha256(), "version": version, "type": self.type} return contents @property def is_dirty(self) -> Optional[bool]: """Determine if the rule has changed since its version was locked.""" min_stack = Version.parse(self.get_supported_version(), optional_minor_and_patch=True) existing_sha256 = self.version_lock.get_locked_hash(self.id, f"{min_stack.major}.{min_stack.minor}") if existing_sha256 is not None: return existing_sha256 != self.sha256() @property def lock_entry(self) -> Optional[dict]: lock_entry = self.version_lock.version_lock.data.get(self.id) if lock_entry: return lock_entry.to_dict() @property def has_forked(self) -> bool: """Determine if the rule has forked at any point (has a previous entry).""" lock_entry = self.lock_entry if lock_entry: return 'previous' in lock_entry return False @property def is_in_forked_version(self) -> bool: """Determine if the rule is in a forked version.""" if not self.has_forked: return False locked_min_stack = Version.parse(self.lock_entry['min_stack_version'], optional_minor_and_patch=True) current_package_ver = Version.parse(load_current_package_version(), optional_minor_and_patch=True) return current_package_ver < locked_min_stack def get_version_space(self) -> Optional[int]: """Retrieve the number of version spaces available (None for unbound).""" if self.is_in_forked_version: current_entry = self.lock_entry['previous'][self.metadata.min_stack_version] current_version = current_entry['version'] max_allowable_version = current_entry['max_allowable_version'] return max_allowable_version - current_version - 1 @property def latest_version(self) -> Optional[int]: """Retrieve the latest known version of the rule.""" min_stack = self.get_supported_version() return self.version_lock.get_locked_version(self.id, min_stack) @property def autobumped_version(self) -> Optional[int]: """Retrieve the current version of the rule, accounting for automatic increments.""" version = self.latest_version if version is None: return 1 return version + 1 if self.is_dirty else version @classmethod def convert_supported_version(cls, stack_version: Optional[str]) -> Version: """Convert an optional stack version to the minimum for the lock in the form major.minor.""" min_version = get_min_supported_stack_version() if stack_version is None: return min_version return max(Version.parse(stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True), min_version) def get_supported_version(self) -> str: """Get the lowest stack version for the rule that is currently supported in the form major.minor.""" rule_min_stack = self.metadata.get('min_stack_version') min_stack = self.convert_supported_version(rule_min_stack) return f"{min_stack.major}.{min_stack.minor}" def _post_dict_conversion(self, obj: dict) -> dict: """Transform the converted API in place before sending to Kibana.""" # cleanup the whitespace in the rule obj = nested_normalize(obj) # fill in threat.technique so it's never missing for threat_entry in obj.get("threat", []): threat_entry.setdefault("technique", []) return obj @abstractmethod def to_api_format(self, include_version: bool = True) -> dict: """Convert the rule to the API format.""" @cached def sha256(self, include_version=False) -> str: # get the hash of the API dict without the version by default, otherwise it'll always be dirty. hashable_contents = self.to_api_format(include_version=include_version) return utils.dict_hash(hashable_contents) @dataclass(frozen=True) class TOMLRuleContents(BaseRuleContents, MarshmallowDataclassMixin): """Rule object which maps directly to the TOML layout.""" metadata: RuleMeta transform: Optional[RuleTransform] data: AnyRuleData = field(metadata=dict(data_key="rule")) @cached_property def version_lock(self): # VersionLock from .version_lock import default_version_lock return getattr(self, '_version_lock', None) or default_version_lock def set_version_lock(self, value): from .version_lock import VersionLock if value and not isinstance(value, VersionLock): raise TypeError(f'version lock property must be set with VersionLock objects only. Got {type(value)}') # circumvent frozen class self.__dict__['_version_lock'] = value @classmethod def all_rule_types(cls) -> set: types = set() for subclass in typing.get_args(AnyRuleData): field = next(field for field in dataclasses.fields(subclass) if field.name == "type") types.update(typing.get_args(field.type)) return types @classmethod def get_data_subclass(cls, rule_type: str) -> typing.Type[BaseRuleData]: """Get the proper subclass depending on the rule type""" for subclass in typing.get_args(AnyRuleData): field = next(field for field in dataclasses.fields(subclass) if field.name == "type") if (rule_type, ) == typing.get_args(field.type): return subclass raise ValueError(f"Unknown rule type {rule_type}") @property def id(self) -> definitions.UUIDString: return self.data.rule_id @property def name(self) -> str: return self.data.name @property def type(self) -> str: return self.data.type def _post_dict_conversion(self, obj: dict) -> dict: """Transform the converted API in place before sending to Kibana.""" super()._post_dict_conversion(obj) # build time fields self._convert_add_related_integrations(obj) self._convert_add_required_fields(obj) self._convert_add_setup(obj) # validate new fields against the schema rule_type = obj['type'] subclass = self.get_data_subclass(rule_type) subclass.from_dict(obj) # rule type transforms self.data.transform(obj) if hasattr(self.data, 'transform') else False return obj def _convert_add_related_integrations(self, obj: dict) -> None: """Add restricted field related_integrations to the obj.""" field_name = "related_integrations" package_integrations = obj.get(field_name, []) if not package_integrations and self.metadata.integration: packages_manifest = load_integrations_manifests() current_stack_version = load_current_package_version() if self.check_restricted_field_version(field_name): if (isinstance(self.data, QueryRuleData) or isinstance(self.data, MachineLearningRuleData)): if (self.data.get('language') is not None and self.data.get('language') != 'lucene') or \ self.data.get('type') == 'machine_learning': package_integrations = self.get_packaged_integrations(self.data, self.metadata, packages_manifest) if not package_integrations: return for package in package_integrations: package["version"] = find_least_compatible_version( package=package["package"], integration=package["integration"], current_stack_version=current_stack_version, packages_manifest=packages_manifest) # if integration is not a policy template remove if package["version"]: version_data = packages_manifest.get(package["package"], {}).get(package["version"].strip("^"), {}) policy_templates = version_data.get("policy_templates", []) if package["integration"] not in policy_templates: del package["integration"] # remove duplicate entries package_integrations = list({json.dumps(d, sort_keys=True): d for d in package_integrations}.values()) obj.setdefault("related_integrations", package_integrations) def _convert_add_required_fields(self, obj: dict) -> None: """Add restricted field required_fields to the obj, derived from the query AST.""" if isinstance(self.data, QueryRuleData) and self.data.language != 'lucene': index = obj.get('index') or [] required_fields = self.data.get_required_fields(index) else: required_fields = [] field_name = "required_fields" if required_fields and self.check_restricted_field_version(field_name=field_name): obj.setdefault(field_name, required_fields) def _convert_add_setup(self, obj: dict) -> None: """Add restricted field setup to the obj.""" rule_note = obj.get("note", "") field_name = "setup" field_value = obj.get(field_name) if not self.check_explicit_restricted_field_version(field_name): return data_validator = self.data.data_validator if not data_validator.skip_validate_note and data_validator.setup_in_note and not field_value: parsed_note = self.data.parsed_note # parse note tree for i, child in enumerate(parsed_note.children): if child.get_type() == "Heading" and "Setup" in gfm.render(child): field_value = self._convert_get_setup_content(parsed_note.children[i + 1:]) # clean up old note field investigation_guide = rule_note.replace("## Setup\n\n", "") investigation_guide = investigation_guide.replace(field_value, "").strip() obj["note"] = investigation_guide obj[field_name] = field_value break @cached def _convert_get_setup_content(self, note_tree: list) -> str: """Get note paragraph starting from the setup header.""" setup = [] for child in note_tree: if child.get_type() == "BlankLine" or child.get_type() == "LineBreak": setup.append("\n") elif child.get_type() == "CodeSpan": setup.append(f"`{gfm.renderer.render_raw_text(child)}`") elif child.get_type() == "Paragraph": setup.append(self._convert_get_setup_content(child.children)) setup.append("\n") elif child.get_type() == "FencedCode": setup.append(f"```\n{self._convert_get_setup_content(child.children)}\n```") setup.append("\n") elif child.get_type() == "RawText": setup.append(child.children) elif child.get_type() == "Heading" and child.level >= 2: break else: setup.append(self._convert_get_setup_content(child.children)) return "".join(setup).strip() def check_explicit_restricted_field_version(self, field_name: str) -> bool: """Explicitly check restricted fields against global min and max versions.""" min_stack, max_stack = BUILD_FIELD_VERSIONS[field_name] return self.compare_field_versions(min_stack, max_stack) def check_restricted_field_version(self, field_name: str) -> bool: """Check restricted fields against schema min and max versions.""" min_stack, max_stack = self.data.get_restricted_fields.get(field_name) return self.compare_field_versions(min_stack, max_stack) @staticmethod def compare_field_versions(min_stack: Version, max_stack: Version) -> bool: """Check current rule version is within min and max stack versions.""" current_version = Version.parse(load_current_package_version(), optional_minor_and_patch=True) max_stack = max_stack or current_version return min_stack <= current_version >= max_stack @classmethod def get_packaged_integrations(cls, data: QueryRuleData, meta: RuleMeta, package_manifest: dict) -> Optional[List[dict]]: packaged_integrations = [] datasets, _ = beats.get_datasets_and_modules(data.get('ast') or []) # integration is None to remove duplicate references upstream in Kibana # chronologically, event.dataset is checked for package:integration, then rule tags # if both exist, rule tags are only used if defined in definitions for non-dataset packages # of machine learning analytic packages rule_integrations = meta.get("integration", []) if rule_integrations: for integration in rule_integrations: ineligible_integrations = definitions.NON_DATASET_PACKAGES + \ [*map(str.lower, definitions.MACHINE_LEARNING_PACKAGES)] if integration in ineligible_integrations or isinstance(data, MachineLearningRuleData): packaged_integrations.append({"package": integration, "integration": None}) packaged_integrations.extend(parse_datasets(datasets, package_manifest)) return packaged_integrations @validates_schema def post_conversion_validation(self, value: dict, **kwargs): """Additional validations beyond base marshmallow schemas.""" data: AnyRuleData = value["data"] metadata: RuleMeta = value["metadata"] data.validate_query(metadata) data.data_validator.validate_note() data.data_validator.validate_bbr(metadata.get('bypass_bbr_timing')) data.validate(metadata) if hasattr(data, 'validate') else False @staticmethod def validate_remote(remote_validator: 'RemoteValidator', contents: 'TOMLRuleContents'): remote_validator.validate_rule(contents) @classmethod def from_rule_resource( cls, rule: dict, creation_date: str = TIME_NOW, updated_date: str = TIME_NOW, maturity: str = 'development' ) -> 'TOMLRuleContents': """Create a TOMLRuleContents from a kibana rule resource.""" meta = {'creation_date': creation_date, 'updated_date': updated_date, 'maturity': maturity} contents = cls.from_dict({'metadata': meta, 'rule': rule, 'transforms': None}, unknown=marshmallow.EXCLUDE) return contents def to_dict(self, strip_none_values=True) -> dict: # Load schemas directly from the data and metadata classes to avoid schema ambiguity which can # result from union fields which contain classes and related subclasses (AnyRuleData). See issue #1141 metadata = self.metadata.to_dict(strip_none_values=strip_none_values) data = self.data.to_dict(strip_none_values=strip_none_values) self.data.process_transforms(self.transform, data) dict_obj = dict(metadata=metadata, rule=data) return nested_normalize(dict_obj) def flattened_dict(self) -> dict: flattened = dict() flattened.update(self.data.to_dict()) flattened.update(self.metadata.to_dict()) return flattened def to_api_format(self, include_version: bool = True, include_metadata: bool = False) -> dict: """Convert the TOML rule to the API format.""" rule_dict = self.to_dict() converted_data = rule_dict['rule'] converted = self._post_dict_conversion(converted_data) if include_metadata: converted["meta"] = rule_dict['metadata'] if include_version: converted["version"] = self.autobumped_version return converted def check_restricted_fields_compatibility(self) -> Dict[str, dict]: """Check for compatibility between restricted fields and the min_stack_version of the rule.""" default_min_stack = get_min_supported_stack_version() if self.metadata.min_stack_version is not None: min_stack = Version.parse(self.metadata.min_stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True) else: min_stack = default_min_stack restricted = self.data.get_restricted_fields invalid = {} for _field, values in restricted.items(): if self.data.get(_field) is not None: min_allowed, _ = values if min_stack < min_allowed: invalid[_field] = {'min_stack_version': min_stack, 'min_allowed_version': min_allowed} return invalid @dataclass class TOMLRule: contents: TOMLRuleContents = field(hash=True) path: Optional[Path] = None gh_pr: Any = field(hash=False, compare=False, default=None, repr=False) @property def id(self): return self.contents.id @property def name(self): return self.contents.data.name def get_asset(self) -> dict: """Generate the relevant fleet compatible asset.""" return {"id": self.id, "attributes": self.contents.to_api_format(), "type": definitions.SAVED_OBJECT_TYPE} def save_toml(self): assert self.path is not None, f"Can't save rule {self.name} (self.id) without a path" converted = dict(metadata=self.contents.metadata.to_dict(), rule=self.contents.data.to_dict()) if self.contents.transform: converted['transform'] = self.contents.transform.to_dict() toml_write(converted, str(self.path.absolute())) def save_json(self, path: Path, include_version: bool = True): path = path.with_suffix('.json') with open(str(path.absolute()), 'w', newline='\n') as f: json.dump(self.contents.to_api_format(include_version=include_version), f, sort_keys=True, indent=2) f.write('\n') @dataclass(frozen=True) class DeprecatedRuleContents(BaseRuleContents): metadata: dict data: dict transform: Optional[dict] @cached_property def version_lock(self): # VersionLock from .version_lock import default_version_lock return getattr(self, '_version_lock', None) or default_version_lock def set_version_lock(self, value): from .version_lock import VersionLock if value and not isinstance(value, VersionLock): raise TypeError(f'version lock property must be set with VersionLock objects only. Got {type(value)}') # circumvent frozen class self.__dict__['_version_lock'] = value @property def id(self) -> str: return self.data.get('rule_id') @property def name(self) -> str: return self.data.get('name') @property def type(self) -> str: return self.data.get('type') @classmethod def from_dict(cls, obj: dict): kwargs = dict(metadata=obj['metadata'], data=obj['rule']) kwargs['transform'] = obj['transform'] if 'transform' in obj else None return cls(**kwargs) def to_api_format(self, include_version=True) -> dict: """Convert the TOML rule to the API format.""" data = copy.deepcopy(self.data) if self.transform: transform = RuleTransform.from_dict(self.transform) BaseRuleData.process_transforms(transform, data) converted = data if include_version: converted["version"] = self.autobumped_version converted = self._post_dict_conversion(converted) return converted class DeprecatedRule(dict): """Minimal dict object for deprecated rule.""" def __init__(self, path: Path, contents: DeprecatedRuleContents, *args, **kwargs): super(DeprecatedRule, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.path = path self.contents = contents def __repr__(self): return f'{type(self).__name__}(contents={self.contents}, path={self.path})' @property def id(self) -> str: return self.contents.id @property def name(self) -> str: return self.contents.name def downgrade_contents_from_rule(rule: TOMLRule, target_version: str, replace_id: bool = True, include_metadata: bool = False) -> dict: """Generate the downgraded contents from a rule.""" rule_dict = rule.contents.to_dict()["rule"] min_stack_version = target_version or rule.contents.metadata.min_stack_version or "8.3.0" min_stack_version = Version.parse(min_stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True) rule_dict.setdefault("meta", {}).update(rule.contents.metadata.to_dict()) if replace_id: rule_dict["rule_id"] = str(uuid4()) rule_dict = downgrade(rule_dict, target_version=str(min_stack_version)) meta = rule_dict.pop("meta") rule_contents_dict = {"rule": rule_dict, "metadata": meta} if rule.contents.transform: rule_contents_dict["transform"] = rule.contents.transform.to_dict() rule_contents = TOMLRuleContents.from_dict(rule_contents_dict) payload = rule_contents.to_api_format(include_metadata=include_metadata) payload = strip_non_public_fields(min_stack_version, payload) return payload def set_eql_config(min_stack_version: str) -> eql.parser.ParserConfig: """Based on the rule version set the eql functions allowed.""" if not min_stack_version: min_stack_version = Version.parse(load_current_package_version(), optional_minor_and_patch=True) else: min_stack_version = Version.parse(min_stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True) config = eql.parser.ParserConfig() for feature, version_range in definitions.ELASTICSEARCH_EQL_FEATURES.items(): if version_range[0] <= min_stack_version <= (version_range[1] or min_stack_version): config.context[feature] = True return config def get_unique_query_fields(rule: TOMLRule) -> List[str]: """Get a list of unique fields used in a rule query from rule contents.""" contents = rule.contents.to_api_format() language = contents.get('language') query = contents.get('query') if language in ('kuery', 'eql'): # TODO: remove once py-eql supports ipv6 for cidrmatch cfg = set_eql_config(rule.contents.metadata.get('min_stack_version')) with eql.parser.elasticsearch_syntax, eql.parser.ignore_missing_functions, eql.parser.skip_optimizations, cfg: parsed = kql.parse(query) if language == 'kuery' else eql.parse_query(query) return sorted(set(str(f) for f in parsed if isinstance(f, (eql.ast.Field, kql.ast.Field)))) # avoid a circular import from .rule_validators import EQLValidator, ESQLValidator, KQLValidator # noqa: E402 from .remote_validation import RemoteValidator # noqa: E402