sigma-rules/detection_rules/devtools.py

# Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
# or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
# 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
# 2.0.

"""CLI commands for internal detection_rules dev team."""
import dataclasses
import io
import json
import os
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import textwrap
import time
import typing
import urllib.parse
from collections import defaultdict
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

import click
import pytoml
import requests.exceptions
import yaml
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from eql.table import Table
from semver import Version

from kibana.connector import Kibana

from . import attack, rule_loader, utils
from .beats import (download_beats_schema, download_latest_beats_schema,
                    refresh_main_schema)
from .cli_utils import single_collection
from .docs import IntegrationSecurityDocs, IntegrationSecurityDocsMDX
from .ecs import download_endpoint_schemas, download_schemas
from .endgame import EndgameSchemaManager
from .eswrap import CollectEvents, add_range_to_dsl
from .ghwrap import GithubClient, update_gist
from .integrations import (SecurityDetectionEngine,
                           build_integrations_manifest,
                           build_integrations_schemas,
                           find_latest_compatible_version,
                           find_latest_integration_version,
                           load_integrations_manifests)
from .main import root
from .misc import PYTHON_LICENSE, add_client, client_error
from .packaging import (CURRENT_RELEASE_PATH, PACKAGE_FILE, RELEASE_DIR,
                        Package)
from .rule import (AnyRuleData, BaseRuleData, DeprecatedRule, QueryRuleData,
                   RuleTransform, ThreatMapping, TOMLRule, TOMLRuleContents)
from .rule_loader import RuleCollection, production_filter
from .schemas import definitions, get_stack_versions
from .utils import (dict_hash, get_etc_path, get_path, load_dump,
                    load_etc_dump, save_etc_dump)
from .version_lock import VersionLockFile, default_version_lock

RULES_DIR = get_path('rules')
GH_CONFIG = Path.home() / ".config" / "gh" / "hosts.yml"
NAVIGATOR_GIST_ID = '1a3f65224822a30a8228a8ed20289a89'
NAVIGATOR_URL = 'https://ela.st/detection-rules-navigator'
NAVIGATOR_BADGE = (
    f'[![ATT&CK navigator coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/ATT&CK-Navigator-red.svg)]({NAVIGATOR_URL})'
)


def get_github_token() -> Optional[str]:
    """Get the current user's GitHub token."""
    token = os.getenv("GITHUB_TOKEN")

    if token is None and GH_CONFIG.exists():
        token = load_dump(str(GH_CONFIG)).get("github.com", {}).get("oauth_token")

    return token


@root.group('dev')
def dev_group():
    """Commands related to the Elastic Stack rules release lifecycle."""


@dev_group.command('build-release')
@click.argument('config-file', type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False), required=False, default=PACKAGE_FILE)
@click.option('--update-version-lock', '-u', is_flag=True,
              help='Save version.lock.json file with updated rule versions in the package')
@click.option('--generate-navigator', is_flag=True, help='Generate ATT&CK navigator files')
@click.option('--generate-docs', is_flag=True, default=False, help='Generate markdown documentation')
@click.option('--update-message', type=str, help='Update message for new package')
def build_release(config_file, update_version_lock: bool, generate_navigator: bool, generate_docs: str,
                  update_message: str, release=None, verbose=True):
    """Assemble all the rules into Kibana-ready release files."""
    config = load_dump(config_file)['package']
    registry_data = config['registry_data']

    if generate_navigator:
        config['generate_navigator'] = True

    if release is not None:
        config['release'] = release

    if verbose:
        click.echo(f'[+] Building package {config.get("name")}')

    package = Package.from_config(config, verbose=verbose)

    if update_version_lock:
        default_version_lock.manage_versions(package.rules, save_changes=True, verbose=verbose)
    package.save(verbose=verbose)

    previous_pkg_version = find_latest_integration_version("security_detection_engine", "ga",
                                                           registry_data['conditions']['kibana.version'].strip("^"))
    sde = SecurityDetectionEngine()
    historical_rules = sde.load_integration_assets(previous_pkg_version)
    historical_rules = sde.transform_legacy_assets(historical_rules)
    package.add_historical_rules(historical_rules, registry_data['version'])
    click.echo(f'[+] Adding historical rules from {previous_pkg_version} package')

    # NOTE: stopgap solution until security doc migration
    if generate_docs:
        click.echo(f'[+] Generating security docs for {registry_data["version"]} package')
        docs = IntegrationSecurityDocsMDX(registry_data['version'], Path(f'releases/{config["name"]}-docs'),
                                          True, historical_rules, package, note=update_message)
        docs.generate()

    if verbose:
        package.get_package_hash(verbose=verbose)
        click.echo(f'- {len(package.rules)} rules included')

    return package


def get_release_diff(pre: str, post: str, remote: Optional[str] = 'origin'
                     ) -> (Dict[str, TOMLRule], Dict[str, TOMLRule], Dict[str, DeprecatedRule]):
    """Build documents from two git tags for an integration package."""
    pre_rules = RuleCollection()
    pre_rules.load_git_tag(f'integration-v{pre}', remote, skip_query_validation=True)

    if pre_rules.errors:
        click.echo(f'error loading {len(pre_rules.errors)} rule(s) from: {pre}, skipping:')
        click.echo(' - ' + '\n - '.join([str(p) for p in pre_rules.errors]))

    post_rules = RuleCollection()
    post_rules.load_git_tag(f'integration-v{post}', remote, skip_query_validation=True)

    if post_rules.errors:
        click.echo(f'error loading {len(post_rules.errors)} rule(s) from: {post}, skipping:')
        click.echo(' - ' + '\n - '.join([str(p) for p in post_rules.errors]))

    rules_changes = pre_rules.compare_collections(post_rules)
    return rules_changes


@dev_group.command('build-integration-docs')
@click.argument('registry-version')
@click.option('--pre', required=True, type=str, help='Tag for pre-existing rules')
@click.option('--post', required=True, type=str, help='Tag for rules post updates')
@click.option('--directory', '-d', type=Path, required=True, help='Output directory to save docs to')
@click.option('--force', '-f', is_flag=True, help='Bypass the confirmation prompt')
@click.option('--remote', '-r', default='origin', help='Override the remote from "origin"')
@click.option('--update-message', default='Rule Updates.', type=str, help='Update message for new package')
@click.pass_context
def build_integration_docs(ctx: click.Context, registry_version: str, pre: str, post: str,
                           directory: Path, force: bool, update_message: str,
                           remote: Optional[str] = 'origin') -> IntegrationSecurityDocs:
    """Build documents from two git tags for an integration package."""
    if not force:
        if not click.confirm(f'This will refresh tags and may overwrite local tags for: {pre} and {post}. Continue?'):
            ctx.exit(1)

    assert Version.parse(pre) < Version.parse(post), f'pre: {pre} is not less than post: {post}'
    assert Version.parse(pre), f'pre: {pre} is not a valid semver'
    assert Version.parse(post), f'post: {post} is not a valid semver'

    rules_changes = get_release_diff(pre, post, remote)
    docs = IntegrationSecurityDocs(registry_version, directory, True, *rules_changes, update_message=update_message)
    package_dir = docs.generate()

    click.echo(f'Generated documents saved to: {package_dir}')
    updated, new, deprecated = rules_changes
    click.echo(f'- {len(updated)} updated rules')
    click.echo(f'- {len(new)} new rules')
    click.echo(f'- {len(deprecated)} deprecated rules')

    return docs


@dev_group.command("bump-pkg-versions")
@click.option("--major-release", is_flag=True, help="bump the major version")
@click.option("--minor-release", is_flag=True, help="bump the minor version")
@click.option("--patch-release", is_flag=True, help="bump the patch version")
@click.option("--new-package", type=click.Choice(['true', 'false']), help="indicates new package")
@click.option("--maturity", type=click.Choice(['beta', 'ga'], case_sensitive=False),
              required=True, help="beta or production versions")
def bump_versions(major_release: bool, minor_release: bool, patch_release: bool, new_package: str, maturity: str):
    """Bump the versions"""

    pkg_data = load_etc_dump('packages.yaml')['package']
    kibana_ver = Version.parse(pkg_data["name"], optional_minor_and_patch=True)
    pkg_ver = Version.parse(pkg_data["registry_data"]["version"])
    pkg_kibana_ver = Version.parse(pkg_data["registry_data"]["conditions"]["kibana.version"].lstrip("^"))
    if major_release:
        major_bump = kibana_ver.bump_major()
        pkg_data["name"] = f"{major_bump.major}.{major_bump.minor}"
        pkg_data["registry_data"]["conditions"]["kibana.version"] = f"^{pkg_kibana_ver.bump_major()}"
        pkg_data["registry_data"]["version"] = str(pkg_ver.bump_major().bump_prerelease("beta"))
    if minor_release:
        minor_bump = kibana_ver.bump_minor()
        pkg_data["name"] = f"{minor_bump.major}.{minor_bump.minor}"
        pkg_data["registry_data"]["conditions"]["kibana.version"] = f"^{pkg_kibana_ver.bump_minor()}"
        pkg_data["registry_data"]["version"] = str(pkg_ver.bump_minor().bump_prerelease("beta"))
    if patch_release:
        latest_patch_release_ver = find_latest_integration_version("security_detection_engine",
                                                                   maturity, pkg_kibana_ver)

        # if an existing minor or major does not have a package, bump from the last
        # example is 8.10.0-beta.1 is last, but on 9.0.0 major
        # example is 8.10.0-beta.1 is last, but on 8.11.0 minor
        if latest_patch_release_ver.minor != pkg_kibana_ver.minor:
            latest_patch_release_ver = latest_patch_release_ver.bump_minor()
        if latest_patch_release_ver.major != pkg_kibana_ver.major:
            latest_patch_release_ver = latest_patch_release_ver.bump_major()

        if maturity == "ga":
            pkg_data["registry_data"]["version"] = str(latest_patch_release_ver.bump_patch())
        else:
            # passing in true or false from GH actions; not using eval() for security purposes
            if new_package == "true":
                latest_patch_release_ver = latest_patch_release_ver.bump_patch()
            pkg_data["registry_data"]["version"] = str(latest_patch_release_ver.bump_prerelease("beta"))

        if 'release' in pkg_data['registry_data']:
            pkg_data['registry_data']['release'] = maturity

    click.echo(f"Kibana version: {pkg_data['name']}")
    click.echo(f"Package Kibana version: {pkg_data['registry_data']['conditions']['kibana.version']}")
    click.echo(f"Package version: {pkg_data['registry_data']['version']}")

    save_etc_dump({"package": pkg_data}, "packages.yaml")


@dataclasses.dataclass
class GitChangeEntry:
    status: str
    original_path: Path
    new_path: Optional[Path] = None

    @classmethod
    def from_line(cls, text: str) -> 'GitChangeEntry':
        columns = text.split("\t")
        assert 2 <= len(columns) <= 3

        columns[1:] = [Path(c) for c in columns[1:]]
        return cls(*columns)

    @property
    def path(self) -> Path:
        return self.new_path or self.original_path

    def revert(self, dry_run=False):
        """Run a git command to revert this change."""

        def git(*args):
            command_line = ["git"] + [str(arg) for arg in args]
            click.echo(subprocess.list2cmdline(command_line))

            if not dry_run:
                subprocess.check_call(command_line)

        if self.status.startswith("R"):
            # renames are actually Delete (D) and Add (A)
            # revert in opposite order
            GitChangeEntry("A", self.new_path).revert(dry_run=dry_run)
            GitChangeEntry("D", self.original_path).revert(dry_run=dry_run)
            return

        # remove the file from the staging area (A|M|D)
        git("restore", "--staged", self.original_path)

    def read(self, git_tree="HEAD") -> bytes:
        """Read the file from disk or git."""
        if self.status == "D":
            # deleted files need to be recovered from git
            return subprocess.check_output(["git", "show", f"{git_tree}:{self.path}"])

        return self.path.read_bytes()


@dev_group.command("unstage-incompatible-rules")
@click.option("--target-stack-version", "-t", help="Minimum stack version to filter the staging area", required=True)
@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, help="List the changes that would be made")
@click.option("--exception-list", help="List of files to skip staging", default="")
def prune_staging_area(target_stack_version: str, dry_run: bool, exception_list: list):
    """Prune the git staging area to remove changes to incompatible rules."""
    exceptions = {
        "detection_rules/etc/packages.yaml",
    }
    exceptions.update(exception_list.split(","))

    target_stack_version = Version.parse(target_stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True)

    # load a structured summary of the diff from git
    git_output = subprocess.check_output(["git", "diff", "--name-status", "HEAD"])
    changes = [GitChangeEntry.from_line(line) for line in git_output.decode("utf-8").splitlines()]

    # track which changes need to be reverted because of incompatibilities
    reversions: List[GitChangeEntry] = []

    for change in changes:
        if str(change.path) in exceptions:
            # Don't backport any changes to files matching the list of exceptions
            reversions.append(change)
            continue

        # it's a change to a rule file, load it and check the version
        if str(change.path.absolute()).startswith(RULES_DIR) and change.path.suffix == ".toml":
            # bypass TOML validation in case there were schema changes
            dict_contents = RuleCollection.deserialize_toml_string(change.read())
            min_stack_version: Optional[str] = dict_contents.get("metadata", {}).get("min_stack_version")

            if min_stack_version is not None and \
                    (target_stack_version < Version.parse(min_stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True)):
                # rule is incompatible, add to the list of reversions to make later
                reversions.append(change)

    if len(reversions) == 0:
        click.echo("No files restored from staging area")
        return

    click.echo(f"Restoring {len(reversions)} changes from the staging area...")
    for change in reversions:
        change.revert(dry_run=dry_run)


@dev_group.command('update-lock-versions')
@click.argument('rule-ids', nargs=-1, required=False)
def update_lock_versions(rule_ids):
    """Update rule hashes in version.lock.json file without bumping version."""
    rules = RuleCollection.default()

    if rule_ids:
        rules = rules.filter(lambda r: r.id in rule_ids)
    else:
        rules = rules.filter(production_filter)

    if not click.confirm(f'Are you sure you want to update hashes for {len(rules)} rules without a version bump?'):
        return

    # this command may not function as expected anymore due to previous changes eliminating the use of add_new=False
    changed, new, _ = default_version_lock.manage_versions(rules, exclude_version_update=True, save_changes=True)

    if not changed:
        click.echo('No hashes updated')

    return changed


@dev_group.command('kibana-diff')
@click.option('--rule-id', '-r', multiple=True, help='Optionally specify rule ID')
@click.option('--repo', default='elastic/kibana', help='Repository where branch is located')
@click.option('--branch', '-b', default='main', help='Specify the kibana branch to diff against')
@click.option('--threads', '-t', type=click.IntRange(1), default=50, help='Number of threads to use to download rules')
def kibana_diff(rule_id, repo, branch, threads):
    """Diff rules against their version represented in kibana if exists."""
    from .misc import get_kibana_rules

    rules = RuleCollection.default()

    if rule_id:
        rules = rules.filter(lambda r: r.id in rule_id).id_map
    else:
        rules = rules.filter(production_filter).id_map

    repo_hashes = {r.id: r.contents.sha256(include_version=True) for r in rules.values()}

    kibana_rules = {r['rule_id']: r for r in get_kibana_rules(repo=repo, branch=branch, threads=threads).values()}
    kibana_hashes = {r['rule_id']: dict_hash(r) for r in kibana_rules.values()}

    missing_from_repo = list(set(kibana_hashes).difference(set(repo_hashes)))
    missing_from_kibana = list(set(repo_hashes).difference(set(kibana_hashes)))

    rule_diff = []
    for rule_id, rule_hash in repo_hashes.items():
        if rule_id in missing_from_kibana:
            continue
        if rule_hash != kibana_hashes[rule_id]:
            rule_diff.append(
                f'versions - repo: {rules[rule_id].contents.autobumped_version}, '
                f'kibana: {kibana_rules[rule_id]["version"]} -> '
                f'{rule_id} - {rules[rule_id].contents.name}'
            )

    diff = {
        'missing_from_kibana': [f'{r} - {rules[r].name}' for r in missing_from_kibana],
        'diff': rule_diff,
        'missing_from_repo': [f'{r} - {kibana_rules[r]["name"]}' for r in missing_from_repo]
    }

    diff['stats'] = {k: len(v) for k, v in diff.items()}
    diff['stats'].update(total_repo_prod_rules=len(rules), total_gh_prod_rules=len(kibana_rules))

    click.echo(json.dumps(diff, indent=2, sort_keys=True))
    return diff


@dev_group.command("integrations-pr")
@click.argument("local-repo", type=click.Path(exists=True, file_okay=False, dir_okay=True),
                default=get_path("..", "integrations"))
@click.option("--token", required=True, prompt=get_github_token() is None, default=get_github_token(),
              help="GitHub token to use for the PR", hide_input=True)
@click.option("--pkg-directory", "-d", help="Directory to save the package in cloned repository",
              default=Path("packages", "security_detection_engine"))
@click.option("--base-branch", "-b", help="Base branch in target repository", default="main")
@click.option("--branch-name", "-n", help="New branch for the rules commit")
@click.option("--github-repo", "-r", help="Repository to use for the branch", default="elastic/integrations")
@click.option("--assign", multiple=True, help="GitHub users to assign the PR")
@click.option("--label", multiple=True, help="GitHub labels to add to the PR")
@click.option("--draft", is_flag=True, help="Open the PR as a draft")
@click.option("--remote", help="Override the remote from 'origin'", default="origin")
@click.pass_context
def integrations_pr(ctx: click.Context, local_repo: str, token: str, draft: bool,
                    pkg_directory: str, base_branch: str, remote: str,
                    branch_name: Optional[str], github_repo: str, assign: Tuple[str, ...], label: Tuple[str, ...]):
    """Create a pull request to publish the Fleet package to elastic/integrations."""
    github = GithubClient(token)
    github.assert_github()
    client = github.authenticated_client
    repo = client.get_repo(github_repo)

    # Use elastic-package to format and lint
    gopath = utils.gopath().strip("'\"")
    assert gopath is not None, "$GOPATH isn't set"

    err = 'elastic-package missing, run: go install github.com/elastic/elastic-package@latest and verify go bin path'
    assert subprocess.check_output(['elastic-package'], stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL), err

    local_repo = Path(local_repo).resolve()
    stack_version = Package.load_configs()["name"]
    package_version = Package.load_configs()["registry_data"]["version"]

    release_dir = Path(RELEASE_DIR) / stack_version / "fleet" / package_version
    message = f"[Security Rules] Update security rules package to v{package_version}"

    if not release_dir.exists():
        click.secho("Release directory doesn't exist.", fg="red", err=True)
        click.echo(f"Run {click.style('python -m detection_rules dev build-release', bold=True)} to populate", err=True)
        ctx.exit(1)

    if not local_repo.exists():
        click.secho(f"{github_repo} is not present at {local_repo}.", fg="red", err=True)
        ctx.exit(1)

    # Get the most recent commit hash of detection-rules
    detection_rules_git = utils.make_git()
    long_commit_hash = detection_rules_git("rev-parse", "HEAD")
    short_commit_hash = detection_rules_git("rev-parse", "--short", "HEAD")

    # refresh the local clone of the repository
    git = utils.make_git("-C", local_repo)
    git("checkout", base_branch)
    git("pull", remote, base_branch)

    # Switch to a new branch in elastic/integrations
    branch_name = branch_name or f"detection-rules/{package_version}-{short_commit_hash}"
    git("checkout", "-b", branch_name)

    # Load the changelog in memory, before it's removed. Come back for it after the PR is created
    target_directory = local_repo / pkg_directory
    changelog_path = target_directory / "changelog.yml"
    changelog_entries: list = yaml.safe_load(changelog_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))

    changelog_entries.insert(0, {
        "version": package_version,
        "changes": [
            # This will be changed later
            {"description": "Release security rules update", "type": "enhancement",
             "link": "https://github.com/elastic/integrations/pulls/0000"}
        ]
    })

    # Remove existing assets and replace everything
    shutil.rmtree(target_directory)
    actual_target_directory = shutil.copytree(release_dir, target_directory)
    assert Path(actual_target_directory).absolute() == Path(target_directory).absolute(), \
        f"Expected a copy to {pkg_directory}"

    # Add the changelog back
    def save_changelog():
        with changelog_path.open("wt") as f:
            # add a note for other maintainers of elastic/integrations to be careful with versions
            f.write("# newer versions go on top\n")
            f.write("# NOTE: please use pre-release versions (e.g. -beta.0) until a package is ready for production\n")
            yaml.dump(changelog_entries, f, allow_unicode=True, default_flow_style=False, indent=2, sort_keys=False)

    save_changelog()

    def elastic_pkg(*args):
        """Run a command with $GOPATH/bin/elastic-package in the package directory."""
        prev = Path.cwd()
        os.chdir(target_directory)

        try:
            elastic_pkg_cmd = [str(Path(gopath, "bin", "elastic-package"))]
            elastic_pkg_cmd.extend(list(args))
            return subprocess.check_call(elastic_pkg_cmd)
        finally:
            os.chdir(str(prev))

    elastic_pkg("format")

    # Upload the files to a branch
    git("add", pkg_directory)
    git("commit", "-m", message)
    git("push", "--set-upstream", remote, branch_name)

    # Create a pull request (not done yet, but we need the PR number)
    body = textwrap.dedent(f"""
    ## What does this PR do?
    Update the Security Rules package to version {package_version}.
    Autogenerated from commit  https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/tree/{long_commit_hash}

    ## Checklist

    - [x] I have reviewed [tips for building integrations](https://github.com/elastic/integrations/blob/master/docs/tips_for_building_integrations.md) and this pull request is aligned with them.
    - [ ] ~I have verified that all data streams collect metrics or logs.~
    - [x] I have added an entry to my package's `changelog.yml` file.
    - [x] If I'm introducing a new feature, I have modified the Kibana version constraint in my package's `manifest.yml` file to point to the latest Elastic stack release (e.g. `^7.13.0`).

    ## Author's Checklist
    - Install the most recently release security rules in the Detection Engine
    - Install the package
    - Confirm the update is available in Kibana. Click "Update X rules" or "Install X rules"
    - Look at the changes made after the install and confirm they are consistent

    ## How to test this PR locally
    - Perform the above checklist, and use `package-storage` to build EPR from source

    ## Related issues
    None

    ## Screenshots
    None
    """)  # noqa: E501

    pr = repo.create_pull(title=message, body=body, base=base_branch, head=branch_name,
                          maintainer_can_modify=True, draft=draft)

    # labels could also be comma separated
    label = {lbl for cs_labels in label for lbl in cs_labels.split(",") if lbl}

    if label:
        pr.add_to_labels(*sorted(label))

    if assign:
        pr.add_to_assignees(*assign)

    click.echo("PR created:")
    click.echo(pr.html_url)

    # replace the changelog entry with the actual PR link
    changelog_entries[0]["changes"][0]["link"] = pr.html_url
    save_changelog()

    # format the yml file with elastic-package
    elastic_pkg("format")
    elastic_pkg("lint")

    # Push the updated changelog to the PR branch
    git("add", pkg_directory)
    git("commit", "-m", f"Add changelog entry for {package_version}")
    git("push")


@dev_group.command('license-check')
@click.option('--ignore-directory', '-i', multiple=True, help='Directories to skip (relative to base)')
@click.pass_context
def license_check(ctx, ignore_directory):
    """Check that all code files contain a valid license."""
    ignore_directory += ("env",)
    failed = False
    base_path = Path(get_path())

    for path in base_path.rglob('*.py'):
        relative_path = path.relative_to(base_path)
        if relative_path.parts[0] in ignore_directory:
            continue

        with io.open(path, "rt", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            contents = f.read()

        # skip over shebang lines
        if contents.startswith("#!/"):
            _, _, contents = contents.partition("\n")

        if not contents.lstrip("\r\n").startswith(PYTHON_LICENSE):
            if not failed:
                click.echo("Missing license headers for:", err=True)

            failed = True
            click.echo(relative_path, err=True)

    ctx.exit(int(failed))


@dev_group.command('test-version-lock')
@click.argument('branches', nargs=-1, required=True)
@click.option('--remote', '-r', default='origin', help='Override the remote from "origin"')
def test_version_lock(branches: tuple, remote: str):
    """Simulate the incremental step in the version locking to find version change violations."""
    git = utils.make_git('-C', '.')
    current_branch = git('rev-parse', '--abbrev-ref', 'HEAD')

    try:
        click.echo(f'iterating lock process for branches: {branches}')
        for branch in branches:
            click.echo(branch)
            git('checkout', f'{remote}/{branch}')
            subprocess.check_call(['python', '-m', 'detection_rules', 'dev', 'build-release', '-u'])

    finally:
        diff = git('--no-pager', 'diff', get_etc_path('version.lock.json'))
        outfile = Path(get_path()).joinpath('lock-diff.txt')
        outfile.write_text(diff)
        click.echo(f'diff saved to {outfile}')

        click.echo('reverting changes in version.lock')
        git('checkout', '-f')
        git('checkout', current_branch)


@dev_group.command('package-stats')
@click.option('--token', '-t', help='GitHub token to search API authenticated (may exceed threshold without auth)')
@click.option('--threads', default=50, help='Number of threads to download rules from GitHub')
@click.pass_context
def package_stats(ctx, token, threads):
    """Get statistics for current rule package."""
    current_package: Package = ctx.invoke(build_release, verbose=False, release=None)
    release = f'v{current_package.name}.0'
    new, modified, errors = rule_loader.load_github_pr_rules(labels=[release], token=token, threads=threads)

    click.echo(f'Total rules as of {release} package: {len(current_package.rules)}')
    click.echo(f'New rules: {len(current_package.new_ids)}')
    click.echo(f'Modified rules: {len(current_package.changed_ids)}')
    click.echo(f'Deprecated rules: {len(current_package.removed_ids)}')

    click.echo('\n-----\n')
    click.echo('Rules in active PRs for current package: ')
    click.echo(f'New rules: {len(new)}')
    click.echo(f'Modified rules: {len(modified)}')


@dev_group.command('search-rule-prs')
@click.argument('query', required=False)
@click.option('--no-loop', '-n', is_flag=True, help='Run once with no loop')
@click.option('--columns', '-c', multiple=True, help='Specify columns to add the table')
@click.option('--language', type=click.Choice(["eql", "kql"]), default="kql")
@click.option('--token', '-t', help='GitHub token to search API authenticated (may exceed threshold without auth)')
@click.option('--threads', default=50, help='Number of threads to download rules from GitHub')
@click.pass_context
def search_rule_prs(ctx, no_loop, query, columns, language, token, threads):
    """Use KQL or EQL to find matching rules from active GitHub PRs."""
    from uuid import uuid4

    from .main import search_rules

    all_rules: Dict[Path, TOMLRule] = {}
    new, modified, errors = rule_loader.load_github_pr_rules(token=token, threads=threads)

    def add_github_meta(this_rule: TOMLRule, status: str, original_rule_id: Optional[definitions.UUIDString] = None):
        pr = this_rule.gh_pr
        data = rule.contents.data
        extend_meta = {
            'status': status,
            'github': {
                'base': pr.base.label,
                'comments': [c.body for c in pr.get_comments()],
                'commits': pr.commits,
                'created_at': str(pr.created_at),
                'head': pr.head.label,
                'is_draft': pr.draft,
                'labels': [lbl.name for lbl in pr.get_labels()],
                'last_modified': str(pr.last_modified),
                'title': pr.title,
                'url': pr.html_url,
                'user': pr.user.login
            }
        }

        if original_rule_id:
            extend_meta['original_rule_id'] = original_rule_id
            data = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents.data, rule_id=str(uuid4()))

        rule_path = Path(f'pr-{pr.number}-{rule.path}')
        new_meta = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents.metadata, extended=extend_meta)
        contents = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents, metadata=new_meta, data=data)
        new_rule = TOMLRule(path=rule_path, contents=contents)

        all_rules[new_rule.path] = new_rule

    for rule_id, rule in new.items():
        add_github_meta(rule, 'new')

    for rule_id, rules in modified.items():
        for rule in rules:
            add_github_meta(rule, 'modified', rule_id)

    loop = not no_loop
    ctx.invoke(search_rules, query=query, columns=columns, language=language, rules=all_rules, pager=loop)

    while loop:
        query = click.prompt(f'Search loop - enter new {language} query or ctrl-z to exit')
        columns = click.prompt('columns', default=','.join(columns)).split(',')
        ctx.invoke(search_rules, query=query, columns=columns, language=language, rules=all_rules, pager=True)


@dev_group.command('deprecate-rule')
@click.argument('rule-file', type=Path)
@click.pass_context
def deprecate_rule(ctx: click.Context, rule_file: Path):
    """Deprecate a rule."""
    version_info = default_version_lock.version_lock
    rule_collection = RuleCollection()
    contents = rule_collection.load_file(rule_file).contents
    rule = TOMLRule(path=rule_file, contents=contents)

    if rule.contents.id not in version_info:
        click.echo('Rule has not been version locked and so does not need to be deprecated. '
                   'Delete the file or update the maturity to `development` instead')
        ctx.exit()

    today = time.strftime('%Y/%m/%d')
    deprecated_path = get_path('rules', '_deprecated', rule_file.name)

    # create the new rule and save it
    new_meta = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents.metadata,
                                   updated_date=today,
                                   deprecation_date=today,
                                   maturity='deprecated')
    contents = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents, metadata=new_meta)
    new_rule = TOMLRule(contents=contents, path=Path(deprecated_path))
    new_rule.save_toml()

    # remove the old rule
    rule_file.unlink()
    click.echo(f'Rule moved to {deprecated_path} - remember to git add this file')


@dev_group.command('update-navigator-gists')
@click.option('--directory', type=Path, default=CURRENT_RELEASE_PATH.joinpath('extras', 'navigator_layers'),
              help='Directory containing only navigator files.')
@click.option('--token', required=True, prompt=get_github_token() is None, default=get_github_token(),
              help='GitHub token to push to gist', hide_input=True)
@click.option('--gist-id', default=NAVIGATOR_GIST_ID, help='Gist ID to be updated (must exist).')
@click.option('--print-markdown', is_flag=True, help='Print the generated urls')
def update_navigator_gists(directory: Path, token: str, gist_id: str, print_markdown: bool) -> list:
    """Update the gists with new navigator files."""
    assert directory.exists(), f'{directory} does not exist'

    def raw_permalink(raw_link):
        # Gist file URLs change with each revision, but can be permalinked to the latest by removing the hash after raw
        prefix, _, suffix = raw_link.rsplit('/', 2)
        return '/'.join([prefix, suffix])

    file_map = {f: f.read_text() for f in directory.glob('*.json')}
    try:
        response = update_gist(token,
                               file_map,
                               description='ATT&CK Navigator layer files.',
                               gist_id=gist_id,
                               pre_purge=True)
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as exc:
        if exc.response.status_code == requests.status_codes.codes.not_found:
            raise client_error('Gist not found: verify the gist_id exists and the token has access to it', exc=exc)
        else:
            raise

    response_data = response.json()
    raw_urls = {name: raw_permalink(data['raw_url']) for name, data in response_data['files'].items()}

    base_url = 'https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator/#layerURL={}&leave_site_dialog=false&tabs=false'

    # pull out full and platform coverage to print on top of markdown table
    all_url = base_url.format(urllib.parse.quote_plus(raw_urls.pop('Elastic-detection-rules-all.json')))
    platforms_url = base_url.format(urllib.parse.quote_plus(raw_urls.pop('Elastic-detection-rules-platforms.json')))

    generated_urls = [all_url, platforms_url]
    markdown_links = []
    for name, gist_url in raw_urls.items():
        query = urllib.parse.quote_plus(gist_url)
        url = f'https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator/#layerURL={query}&leave_site_dialog=false&tabs=false'
        generated_urls.append(url)
        link_name = name.split('.')[0]
        markdown_links.append(f'|[{link_name}]({url})|')

    if print_markdown:
        markdown = [
            f'**Full coverage**: {NAVIGATOR_BADGE}',
            '\n',
            f'**Coverage by platform**: [navigator]({platforms_url})',
            '\n',
            '| other navigator links by rule attributes |',
            '|------------------------------------------|',
        ] + markdown_links
        click.echo('\n'.join(markdown) + '\n')

    click.echo(f'Gist update status on {len(generated_urls)} files: {response.status_code} {response.reason}')
    return generated_urls


@dev_group.command('trim-version-lock')
@click.argument('stack_version')
@click.option('--dry-run', is_flag=True, help='Print the changes rather than saving the file')
def trim_version_lock(stack_version: str, dry_run: bool):
    """Trim all previous entries within the version lock file which are lower than the min_version."""
    stack_versions = get_stack_versions()
    assert stack_version in stack_versions, \
        f'Unknown min_version ({stack_version}), expected: {", ".join(stack_versions)}'

    min_version = Version.parse(stack_version)
    version_lock_dict = default_version_lock.version_lock.to_dict()
    removed = {}

    for rule_id, lock in version_lock_dict.items():
        if 'previous' in lock:
            prev_vers = [Version.parse(v, optional_minor_and_patch=True) for v in list(lock['previous'])]
            outdated_vers = [f"{v.major}.{v.minor}" for v in prev_vers if v < min_version]

            if not outdated_vers:
                continue

            # we want to remove all "old" versions, but save the latest that is >= the min version supplied as the new
            # stack_version.

            if dry_run:
                outdated_minus_current = [str(v) for v in outdated_vers if v < stack_version]
                if outdated_minus_current:
                    removed[rule_id] = outdated_minus_current
            for outdated in outdated_vers:
                popped = lock['previous'].pop(str(outdated))
                if outdated >= stack_version:
                    lock['previous'][str(Version(stack_version[:2]))] = popped

            # remove the whole previous entry if it is now blank
            if not lock['previous']:
                lock.pop('previous')

    if dry_run:
        click.echo(f'The following versions would be collapsed to {stack_version}:' if removed else 'No changes')
        click.echo('\n'.join(f'{k}: {", ".join(v)}' for k, v in removed.items()))
    else:
        new_lock = VersionLockFile.from_dict(dict(data=version_lock_dict))
        new_lock.save_to_file()


@dev_group.group('diff')
def diff_group():
    """Commands for statistics on changes and diffs."""


@diff_group.command('endpoint-by-attack')
@click.option('--pre', required=True, help='Tag for pre-existing rules')
@click.option('--post', required=True, help='Tag for rules post updates')
@click.option('--force', '-f', is_flag=True, help='Bypass the confirmation prompt')
@click.option('--remote', '-r', default='origin', help='Override the remote from "origin"')
@click.pass_context
def endpoint_by_attack(ctx: click.Context, pre: str, post: str, force: bool, remote: Optional[str] = 'origin'):
    """Rule diffs across tagged branches, broken down by ATT&CK tactics."""
    if not force:
        if not click.confirm(f'This will refresh tags and may overwrite local tags for: {pre} and {post}. Continue?'):
            ctx.exit(1)

    changed, new, deprecated = get_release_diff(pre, post, remote)
    oses = ('windows', 'linux', 'macos')

    def delta_stats(rule_map) -> List[dict]:
        stats = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int))
        os_totals = defaultdict(int)
        tactic_totals = defaultdict(int)

        for rule_id, rule in rule_map.items():
            threat = rule.contents.data.get('threat')
            os_types = [i.lower() for i in rule.contents.data.get('tags') or [] if i.lower() in oses]
            if not threat or not os_types:
                continue

            if isinstance(threat[0], dict):
                tactics = sorted(set(e['tactic']['name'] for e in threat))
            else:
                tactics = ThreatMapping.flatten(threat).tactic_names
            for tactic in tactics:
                tactic_totals[tactic] += 1
                for os_type in os_types:
                    os_totals[os_type] += 1
                    stats[tactic][os_type] += 1

        # structure stats for table
        rows = []
        for tac, stat in stats.items():
            row = {'tactic': tac, 'total': tactic_totals[tac]}
            for os_type, count in stat.items():
                row[os_type] = count
            rows.append(row)

        rows.append(dict(tactic='total_by_os', **os_totals))

        return rows

    fields = ['tactic', 'linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'total']

    changed_stats = delta_stats(changed)
    table = Table.from_list(fields, changed_stats)
    click.echo(f'Changed rules {len(changed)}\n{table}\n')

    new_stats = delta_stats(new)
    table = Table.from_list(fields, new_stats)
    click.echo(f'New rules {len(new)}\n{table}\n')

    dep_stats = delta_stats(deprecated)
    table = Table.from_list(fields, dep_stats)
    click.echo(f'Deprecated rules {len(deprecated)}\n{table}\n')

    return changed_stats, new_stats, dep_stats


@dev_group.group('test')
def test_group():
    """Commands for testing against stack resources."""


@test_group.command('event-search')
@click.argument('query')
@click.option('--index', '-i', multiple=True, help='Index patterns to search against')
@click.option('--eql/--lucene', '-e/-l', 'language', default=None, help='Query language used (default: kql)')
@click.option('--date-range', '-d', type=(str, str), default=('now-7d', 'now'), help='Date range to scope search')
@click.option('--count', '-c', is_flag=True, help='Return count of results only')
@click.option('--max-results', '-m', type=click.IntRange(1, 1000), default=100,
              help='Max results to return (capped at 1000)')
@click.option('--verbose', '-v', is_flag=True, default=True)
@add_client('elasticsearch')
def event_search(query, index, language, date_range, count, max_results, verbose=True,
                 elasticsearch_client: Elasticsearch = None):
    """Search using a query against an Elasticsearch instance."""
    start_time, end_time = date_range
    index = index or ('*',)
    language_used = "kql" if language is None else "eql" if language is True else "lucene"
    collector = CollectEvents(elasticsearch_client, max_results)

    if verbose:
        click.echo(f'searching {",".join(index)} from {start_time} to {end_time}')
        click.echo(f'{language_used}: {query}')

    if count:
        results = collector.count(query, language_used, index, start_time, end_time)
        click.echo(f'total results: {results}')
    else:
        results = collector.search(query, language_used, index, start_time, end_time, max_results)
        click.echo(f'total results: {len(results)} (capped at {max_results})')
        click.echo_via_pager(json.dumps(results, indent=2, sort_keys=True))

    return results


@test_group.command('rule-event-search')
@single_collection
@click.option('--date-range', '-d', type=(str, str), default=('now-7d', 'now'), help='Date range to scope search')
@click.option('--count', '-c', is_flag=True, help='Return count of results only')
@click.option('--max-results', '-m', type=click.IntRange(1, 1000), default=100,
              help='Max results to return (capped at 1000)')
@click.option('--verbose', '-v', is_flag=True)
@click.pass_context
@add_client('elasticsearch')
def rule_event_search(ctx, rule, date_range, count, max_results, verbose,
                      elasticsearch_client: Elasticsearch = None):
    """Search using a rule file against an Elasticsearch instance."""

    if isinstance(rule.contents.data, QueryRuleData):
        if verbose:
            click.echo(f'Searching rule: {rule.name}')

        data = rule.contents.data
        rule_lang = data.language

        if rule_lang == 'kuery':
            language_flag = None
        elif rule_lang == 'eql':
            language_flag = True
        else:
            language_flag = False

        index = data.index or ['*']
        ctx.invoke(event_search, query=data.query, index=index, language=language_flag,
                   date_range=date_range, count=count, max_results=max_results, verbose=verbose,
                   elasticsearch_client=elasticsearch_client)
    else:
        client_error('Rule is not a query rule!')


@test_group.command('rule-survey')
@click.argument('query', required=False)
@click.option('--date-range', '-d', type=(str, str), default=('now-7d', 'now'), help='Date range to scope search')
@click.option('--dump-file', type=click.Path(dir_okay=False),
              default=get_path('surveys', f'{time.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%SL")}.json'),
              help='Save details of results (capped at 1000 results/rule)')
@click.option('--hide-zero-counts', '-z', is_flag=True, help='Exclude rules with zero hits from printing')
@click.option('--hide-errors', '-e', is_flag=True, help='Exclude rules with errors from printing')
@click.pass_context
@add_client('elasticsearch', 'kibana', add_to_ctx=True)
def rule_survey(ctx: click.Context, query, date_range, dump_file, hide_zero_counts, hide_errors,
                elasticsearch_client: Elasticsearch = None, kibana_client: Kibana = None):
    """Survey rule counts."""
    from kibana.resources import Signal

    from .main import search_rules

    # from .eswrap import parse_unique_field_results

    survey_results = []
    start_time, end_time = date_range

    if query:
        rules = RuleCollection()
        paths = [Path(r['file']) for r in ctx.invoke(search_rules, query=query, verbose=False)]
        rules.load_files(paths)
    else:
        rules = RuleCollection.default().filter(production_filter)

    click.echo(f'Running survey against {len(rules)} rules')
    click.echo(f'Saving detailed dump to: {dump_file}')

    collector = CollectEvents(elasticsearch_client)
    details = collector.search_from_rule(rules, start_time=start_time, end_time=end_time)
    counts = collector.count_from_rule(rules, start_time=start_time, end_time=end_time)

    # add alerts
    with kibana_client:
        range_dsl = {'query': {'bool': {'filter': []}}}
        add_range_to_dsl(range_dsl['query']['bool']['filter'], start_time, end_time)
        alerts = {a['_source']['signal']['rule']['rule_id']: a['_source']
                  for a in Signal.search(range_dsl, size=10000)['hits']['hits']}

    # for alert in alerts:
    #     rule_id = alert['signal']['rule']['rule_id']
    #     rule = rules.id_map[rule_id]
    #     unique_results = parse_unique_field_results(rule.contents.data.type, rule.contents.data.unique_fields, alert)

    for rule_id, count in counts.items():
        alert_count = len(alerts.get(rule_id, []))
        if alert_count > 0:
            count['alert_count'] = alert_count

        details[rule_id].update(count)

        search_count = count['search_count']
        if not alert_count and (hide_zero_counts and search_count == 0) or (hide_errors and search_count == -1):
            continue

        survey_results.append(count)

    fields = ['rule_id', 'name', 'search_count', 'alert_count']
    table = Table.from_list(fields, survey_results)

    if len(survey_results) > 200:
        click.echo_via_pager(table)
    else:
        click.echo(table)

    os.makedirs(get_path('surveys'), exist_ok=True)
    with open(dump_file, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(details, f, indent=2, sort_keys=True)

    return survey_results


@dev_group.group('utils')
def utils_group():
    """Commands for dev utility methods."""


@utils_group.command('get-branches')
@click.option('--outfile', '-o', type=Path, default=get_etc_path("target-branches.yaml"), help='File to save output to')
def get_branches(outfile: Path):
    branch_list = get_stack_versions(drop_patch=True)
    target_branches = json.dumps(branch_list[:-1]) + "\n"
    outfile.write_text(target_branches)


@dev_group.group('integrations')
def integrations_group():
    """Commands for dev integrations methods."""


@integrations_group.command('build-manifests')
@click.option('--overwrite', '-o', is_flag=True, help="Overwrite the existing integrations-manifest.json.gz file")
@click.option("--integration", "-i", type=str, help="Adds an integration tag to the manifest file")
def build_integration_manifests(overwrite: bool, integration: str):
    """Builds consolidated integrations manifests file."""
    click.echo("loading rules to determine all integration tags")

    def flatten(tag_list: List[str]) -> List[str]:
        return list(set([tag for tags in tag_list for tag in (flatten(tags) if isinstance(tags, list) else [tags])]))

    if integration:
        build_integrations_manifest(overwrite=False, integration=integration)
    else:
        rules = RuleCollection.default()
        integration_tags = [r.contents.metadata.integration for r in rules if r.contents.metadata.integration]
        unique_integration_tags = flatten(integration_tags)
        click.echo(f"integration tags identified: {unique_integration_tags}")
        build_integrations_manifest(overwrite, rule_integrations=unique_integration_tags)


@integrations_group.command('build-schemas')
@click.option('--overwrite', '-o', is_flag=True, help="Overwrite the entire integrations-schema.json.gz file")
@click.option('--integration', '-i', type=str,
              help="Adds a single integration schema to the integrations-schema.json.gz file")
def build_integration_schemas(overwrite: bool, integration: str):
    """Builds consolidated integrations schemas file."""
    click.echo("Building integration schemas...")

    start_time = time.perf_counter()
    if integration:
        build_integrations_schemas(overwrite=False, integration=integration)
    else:
        build_integrations_schemas(overwrite=overwrite)
        end_time = time.perf_counter()
        click.echo(f"Time taken to generate schemas: {(end_time - start_time) / 60:.2f} minutes")


@integrations_group.command('show-latest-compatible')
@click.option('--package', '-p', help='Name of package')
@click.option('--stack_version', '-s', required=True, help='Rule stack version')
def show_latest_compatible_version(package: str, stack_version: str) -> None:
    """Prints the latest integration compatible version for specified package based on stack version supplied."""

    packages_manifest = None
    try:
        packages_manifest = load_integrations_manifests()
    except Exception as e:
        click.echo(f"Error loading integrations manifests: {str(e)}")
        return

    try:
        version = find_latest_compatible_version(package, "",
                                                 Version.parse(stack_version, optional_minor_and_patch=True),
                                                 packages_manifest)
        click.echo(f"Compatible integration {version=}")
    except Exception as e:
        click.echo(f"Error finding compatible version: {str(e)}")
        return


@dev_group.group('schemas')
def schemas_group():
    """Commands for dev schema methods."""


@schemas_group.command("update-rule-data")
def update_rule_data_schemas():
    classes = [BaseRuleData] + list(typing.get_args(AnyRuleData))

    for cls in classes:
        cls.save_schema()


@schemas_group.command("generate")
@click.option("--token", required=True, prompt=get_github_token() is None, default=get_github_token(),
              help="GitHub token to use for the PR", hide_input=True)
@click.option("--schema", "-s", required=True, type=click.Choice(["endgame", "ecs", "beats", "endpoint"]),
              help="Schema to generate")
@click.option("--schema-version", "-sv", help="Tagged version from TBD. e.g., 1.9.0")
@click.option("--endpoint-target", "-t", type=str, default="endpoint", help="Target endpoint schema")
@click.option("--overwrite", is_flag=True, help="Overwrite if versions exist")
def generate_schema(token: str, schema: str, schema_version: str, endpoint_target: str, overwrite: bool):
    """Download schemas and generate flattend schema."""
    github = GithubClient(token)
    client = github.authenticated_client

    if schema_version and not Version.parse(schema_version):
        raise click.BadParameter(f"Invalid schema version: {schema_version}")

    click.echo(f"Generating {schema} schema")
    if schema == "endgame":
        if not schema_version:
            raise click.BadParameter("Schema version required")
        schema_manager = EndgameSchemaManager(client, schema_version)
        schema_manager.save_schemas(overwrite=overwrite)

    # ecs, beats and endpoint schemas are refreshed during release
    # these schemas do not require a schema version
    if schema == "ecs":
        download_schemas(refresh_all=True)
    if schema == "beats":
        if not schema_version:
            download_latest_beats_schema()
            refresh_main_schema()
        else:
            download_beats_schema(schema_version)

    # endpoint package custom schemas can be downloaded
    # this download requires a specific schema target
    if schema == "endpoint":
        repo = client.get_repo("elastic/endpoint-package")
        contents = repo.get_contents("custom_schemas")
        optional_endpoint_targets = [
            Path(f.path).name.replace("custom_", "").replace(".yml", "")
            for f in contents if f.name.endswith(".yml") or Path(f.path).name == endpoint_target
        ]

        if not endpoint_target:
            raise click.BadParameter("Endpoint target required")
        if endpoint_target not in optional_endpoint_targets:
            raise click.BadParameter(f"""Invalid endpoint schema target: {endpoint_target}
                                      \n Schema Options: {optional_endpoint_targets}""")
        download_endpoint_schemas(endpoint_target)
    click.echo(f"Done generating {schema} schema")


@dev_group.group('attack')
def attack_group():
    """Commands for managing Mitre ATT&CK data and mappings."""


@attack_group.command('refresh-data')
def refresh_attack_data() -> dict:
    """Refresh the ATT&CK data file."""
    data, _ = attack.refresh_attack_data()
    return data


@attack_group.command('refresh-redirect-mappings')
def refresh_threat_mappings():
    """Refresh the ATT&CK redirect file and update all rule threat mappings."""
    # refresh the attack_technique_redirects
    click.echo('refreshing data in attack_technique_redirects.json')
    attack.refresh_redirected_techniques_map()


@attack_group.command('update-rules')
def update_attack_in_rules() -> List[Optional[TOMLRule]]:
    """Update threat mappings attack data in all rules."""
    new_rules = []
    redirected_techniques = attack.load_techniques_redirect()
    today = time.strftime('%Y/%m/%d')

    rules = RuleCollection.default()

    for rule in rules.rules:
        needs_update = False
        valid_threat: List[ThreatMapping] = []
        threat_pending_update = {}
        threat = rule.contents.data.threat or []

        for entry in threat:
            tactic = entry.tactic.name
            technique_ids = []
            technique_names = []
            for technique in entry.technique or []:
                technique_ids.append(technique.id)
                technique_names.append(technique.name)
                technique_ids.extend([st.id for st in technique.subtechnique or []])
                technique_names.extend([st.name for st in technique.subtechnique or []])

            # check redirected techniques by ID
            # redirected techniques are technique IDs that have changed but represent the same technique
            if any([tid for tid in technique_ids if tid in redirected_techniques]):
                needs_update = True
                threat_pending_update[tactic] = technique_ids
                click.echo(f"'{rule.contents.name}' requires update - technique ID change")

            # check for name change
            # happens if technique ID is the same but name changes
            expected_technique_names = [attack.technique_lookup[str(tid)]["name"] for tid in technique_ids]
            if any([tname for tname in technique_names if tname not in expected_technique_names]):
                needs_update = True
                threat_pending_update[tactic] = technique_ids
                click.echo(f"'{rule.contents.name}' requires update - technique name change")

            else:
                valid_threat.append(entry)

        if needs_update:
            for tactic, techniques in threat_pending_update.items():
                try:
                    updated_threat = attack.build_threat_map_entry(tactic, *techniques)
                except ValueError as err:
                    raise ValueError(f'{rule.id} - {rule.name}: {err}')

                tm = ThreatMapping.from_dict(updated_threat)
                valid_threat.append(tm)

            new_meta = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents.metadata, updated_date=today)
            new_data = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents.data, threat=valid_threat)
            new_contents = dataclasses.replace(rule.contents, data=new_data, metadata=new_meta)
            new_rule = TOMLRule(contents=new_contents, path=rule.path)
            new_rule.save_toml()
            new_rules.append(new_rule)

    if new_rules:
        click.echo(f'\nFinished - {len(new_rules)} rules updated!')
    else:
        click.echo('No rule changes needed')
    return new_rules


@dev_group.group('transforms')
def transforms_group():
    """Commands for managing TOML [transform]."""


def guide_plugin_convert_(contents: Optional[str] = None, default: Optional[str] = ''
                          ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Dict[str, list]]]:
    """Convert investigation guide plugin format to toml"""
    contents = contents or click.prompt('Enter plugin contents', default=default)
    if not contents:
        return

    parsed = re.match(r'!{(?P<plugin>\w+)(?P<data>{.+})}', contents.strip())
    try:
        plugin = parsed.group('plugin')
        data = parsed.group('data')
    except AttributeError as e:
        raise client_error('Unrecognized pattern', exc=e)
    loaded = {'transform': {plugin: [json.loads(data)]}}
    click.echo(pytoml.dumps(loaded))
    return loaded


@transforms_group.command('guide-plugin-convert')
def guide_plugin_convert(contents: Optional[str] = None, default: Optional[str] = ''
                         ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Dict[str, list]]]:
    """Convert investigation guide plugin format to toml."""
    return guide_plugin_convert_(contents=contents, default=default)


@transforms_group.command('guide-plugin-to-rule')
@click.argument('rule-path', type=Path)
@click.pass_context
def guide_plugin_to_rule(ctx: click.Context, rule_path: Path, save: bool = True) -> TOMLRule:
    """Convert investigation guide plugin format to toml and save to rule."""
    rc = RuleCollection()
    rule = rc.load_file(rule_path)

    transforms = defaultdict(list)
    existing_transform = rule.contents.transform
    transforms.update(existing_transform.to_dict() if existing_transform is not None else {})

    click.secho('(blank line to continue)', fg='yellow')
    while True:
        loaded = ctx.invoke(guide_plugin_convert)
        if not loaded:
            break

        data = loaded['transform']
        for plugin, entries in data.items():
            transforms[plugin].extend(entries)

    transform = RuleTransform.from_dict(transforms)
    new_contents = TOMLRuleContents(data=rule.contents.data, metadata=rule.contents.metadata, transform=transform)
    updated_rule = TOMLRule(contents=new_contents, path=rule.path)

    if save:
        updated_rule.save_toml()

    return updated_rule