Merge pull request #217 from redcanaryco/T1070-yamilze

yamilzed
This commit is contained in:
caseysmithrc
2018-05-25 08:44:03 -06:00
committed by GitHub
10 changed files with 96 additions and 8 deletions
+50
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
# T1070 - Indicator Removal on Host
## [Description from ATT&CK](https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1070)
<blockquote>Adversaries may delete or alter generated event files on a host system, including potentially captured files such as quarantined malware. This may compromise the integrity of the security solution, causing events to go unreported, or make forensic analysis and incident response more difficult due to lack of sufficient data to determine what occurred.
Detection: File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files. Events not stored on the file system will require different detection mechanisms.
Platforms: Linux, macOS, Windows
Data Sources: File monitoring, Process command-line parameters, Process monitoring
Defense Bypassed: Anti-virus, Log analysis, Host intrusion prevention systems</blockquote>
## Atomic Tests
- [Atomic Test #1 - Clear Logs](#atomic-test-1---clear--logs)
- [Atomic Test #2 - FSUtil](#atomic-test-2---fsutil)
<br/>
## Atomic Test #1 - Clear Logs
Clear Windows Event Logs
**Supported Platforms:** Windows
#### Inputs
| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| log_name | Windows Log Name, ex System | String | System|
#### Run it with `command_prompt`!
```
evtutil cl #{log_name}
```
<br/>
<br/>
## Atomic Test #2 - FSUtil
Manages the update sequence number (USN) change journal, which provides a persistent log of all changes made to files on the volume.
**Supported Platforms:** Windows
#### Run it with `command_prompt`!
```
fsutil usn deletejournal /D C:
```
<br/>
+34
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
---
attack_technique: T1070
display_name: Indicator Removal on Host
atomic_tests:
- name: Clear Logs
description: |
Clear Windows Event Logs
supported_platforms:
- windows
input_arguments:
log_name:
description: Windows Log Name, ex System
type: String
default: System
executor:
name: command_prompt
command: |
evtutil cl #{log_name}
- name: FSUtil
description: |
Manages the update sequence number (USN) change journal, which provides a persistent log of all changes made to files on the volume.
supported_platforms:
- windows
input_arguments:
executor:
name: command_prompt
command: |
fsutil usn deletejournal /D C:
+3 -1
View File
@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@
- Atomic Test #2: IFEO GLobal Flags [windows]
- [T1054 Indicator Blocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1066 Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Clear Logs [windows]
- Atomic Test #2: FSUtil [windows]
- [T1202 Indirect Command Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1130 Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Install root CA on CentOS/RHEL [linux]
+1 -1
View File
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
- [T1158 Hidden Files and Directories](./T1158/T1158.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Create a hidden file in a hidden directory [linux, macos]
- [T1066 Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md)
- [T1130 Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Install root CA on CentOS/RHEL [linux]
- [T1036 Masquerading](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
+1 -1
View File
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
| [Spearphishing via Service](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Source](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Kernel Modules and Extensions](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [HISTCONTROL](./T1148/T1148.md) | [Network Sniffing](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Permission Groups Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Third-party Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Local System](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Encoding](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Supply Chain Compromise](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Space after Filename](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Local Job Scheduling](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Web Shell](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Hidden Files and Directories](./T1158/T1158.md) | [Private Keys](./T1145/T1145.md) | [Process Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Data from Network Shared Drive](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Obfuscation](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Trusted Relationship](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Third-party Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Port Knocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Two-Factor Authentication Interception](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Remote System Discovery](./T1018/T1018.md) | | [Data from Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Physical Medium](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Domain Fronting](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Trap](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Redundant Access](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [System Information Discovery](./T1082/T1082.md) | | [Input Capture](./T1056/T1056.md) | [Scheduled Transfer](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Fallback Channels](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Trap](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Redundant Access](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md) | | [System Information Discovery](./T1082/T1082.md) | | [Input Capture](./T1056/T1056.md) | [Scheduled Transfer](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Fallback Channels](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | [User Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Trap](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md) | | [System Network Configuration Discovery](./T1016/T1016.md) | | [Screen Capture](./T1113/T1113.md) | | [Multi-Stage Channels](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Masquerading](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [System Network Connections Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | [Multi-hop Proxy](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Web Shell](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [System Owner/User Discovery](./T1033/T1033.md) | | | | [Multiband Communication](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
+1 -1
View File
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
- [T1147 Hidden Users](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1143 Hidden Window](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1066 Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md)
- [T1130 Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md)
- [T1149 LC_MAIN Hijacking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1152 Launchctl](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
+1 -1
View File
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
| | [Third-party Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Launchctl](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Hidden Users](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Securityd Memory](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Remote System Discovery](./T1018/T1018.md) | | [Screen Capture](./T1113/T1113.md) | | [Multi-Stage Channels](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | [Trap](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Local Job Scheduling](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Web Shell](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Hidden Window](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Two-Factor Authentication Interception](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Security Software Discovery](./T1063/T1063.md) | | [Video Capture](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Multi-hop Proxy](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | [User Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Login Item](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [System Information Discovery](./T1082/T1082.md) | | | | [Multiband Communication](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Logon Scripts](./T1037/T1037.md) | | [Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [System Network Configuration Discovery](./T1016/T1016.md) | | | | [Multilayer Encryption](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Logon Scripts](./T1037/T1037.md) | | [Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md) | | [System Network Configuration Discovery](./T1016/T1016.md) | | | | [Multilayer Encryption](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Plist Modification](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md) | | [System Network Connections Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | [Port Knocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Port Knocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [LC_MAIN Hijacking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [System Owner/User Discovery](./T1033/T1033.md) | | | | [Remote Access Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | | [Rc.common](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Launchctl](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | [Remote File Copy](./T1105/T1105.md) |
+1 -1
View File
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
| | [Space after Filename](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Launch Agent](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Sudo](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Image File Execution Options Injection](./T1183/T1183.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Third-party Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Launch Daemon](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Sudo Caching](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Indicator Blocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Trap](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Launchctl](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Trusted Developer Utilities](./T1127/T1127.md) | [Local Job Scheduling](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Web Shell](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Trusted Developer Utilities](./T1127/T1127.md) | [Local Job Scheduling](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Web Shell](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md) | | | | | | |
| | [User Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Login Item](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Indirect Command Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Windows Management Instrumentation](./T1047/T1047.md) | [Logon Scripts](./T1037/T1037.md) | | [Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Windows Remote Management](./T1028/T1028.md) | [Modify Existing Service](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [InstallUtil](./T1118/T1118.md) | | | | | | |
+3 -1
View File
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@
- Atomic Test #2: IFEO GLobal Flags [windows]
- [T1054 Indicator Blocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1066 Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1070 Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md)
- Atomic Test #1: Clear Logs [windows]
- Atomic Test #2: FSUtil [windows]
- [T1202 Indirect Command Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md)
- [T1130 Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md)
- [T1118 InstallUtil](./T1118/T1118.md)
+1 -1
View File
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
| | [Signed Script Proxy Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [LSASS Driver](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Valid Accounts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Image File Execution Options Injection](./T1183/T1183.md) | | | | | | [Web Service](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |
| | [Third-party Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Logon Scripts](./T1037/T1037.md) | [Web Shell](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Indicator Blocking](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Trusted Developer Utilities](./T1127/T1127.md) | [Modify Existing Service](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Indicator Removal from Tools](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [User Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Netsh Helper DLL](./T1128/T1128.md) | | [Indicator Removal on Host](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [User Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Netsh Helper DLL](./T1128/T1128.md) | | [Indicator Removal on Host](./T1070/T1070.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Windows Management Instrumentation](./T1047/T1047.md) | [New Service](./T1050/T1050.md) | | [Indirect Command Execution](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | | | | | |
| | [Windows Remote Management](./T1028/T1028.md) | [Office Application Startup](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Install Root Certificate](./T1130/T1130.md) | | | | | | |
| | | [Path Interception](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [InstallUtil](./T1118/T1118.md) | | | | | | |