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href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-payloads-work.html" class="nav-list-link">How payloads work</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/module-documentation.html" class="nav-list-link">Module Documentation</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-to-use-a-reverse-shell-in-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use a reverse shell in Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-to-use-msfvenom.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use msfvenom</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/managing-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Managing Sessions</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/" class="nav-list-link">Intermediate</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/metasploit-database-support.html" class="nav-list-link">Database Support</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/evading-anti-virus.html" class="nav-list-link">Evading Anti Virus</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/exploit-ranking.html" class="nav-list-link">Exploit Ranking</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/hashes-and-password-cracking.html" class="nav-list-link">Hashes and Password Cracking</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/how-to-use-plugins.html" class="nav-list-link">Metasploit Plugins</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/payload-uuid.html" class="nav-list-link">Payload UUID</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/pivoting-in-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">Pivoting in Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/running-private-modules.html" class="nav-list-link">Running Private Modules</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/" class="nav-list-link">Advanced</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/how-to-configure-dns.html" class="nav-list-link">How to Configure DNS</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/metasploit-web-service.html" class="nav-list-link">Metasploit Web Service</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/" class="nav-list-link">Meterpreter</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter.html" class="nav-list-link">Overview</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-configuration.html" class="nav-list-link">Configuration</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/debugging-dead-meterpreter-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Debugging Dead Meterpreter Sessions</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-debugging-meterpreter-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Debugging Meterpreter Sessions</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-executebof-command.html" class="nav-list-link">ExecuteBof Command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-http-communication.html" class="nav-list-link">HTTP Communication</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/how-to-get-started-with-writing-a-meterpreter-script.html" class="nav-list-link">How to get started with writing a Meterpreter script</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-paranoid-mode.html" class="nav-list-link">Paranoid Mode</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/powershell-extension.html" class="nav-list-link">Powershell Extension</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/python-extension.html" class="nav-list-link">Python Extension</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-reg-command.html" class="nav-list-link">Reg Command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-reliable-network-communication.html" class="nav-list-link">Reliable Network Communication</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-sleep-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Sleep Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-stageless-mode.html" class="nav-list-link">Stageless Mode</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/the-ins-and-outs-of-http-and-https-communications-in-meterpreter-and-metasploit-stagers.html" class="nav-list-link">The ins and outs of HTTP and HTTPS communications in Meterpreter and Metasploit Stagers</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-timeout-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Timeout Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-transport-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Transport Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-unicode-support.html" class="nav-list-link">Unicode Support</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-wishlist.html" class="nav-list-link">Wishlist</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/" class="nav-list-link">RPC</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/how-to-use-metasploit-json-rpc.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit JSON RPC</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/how-to-use-metasploit-messagepack-rpc.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit Messagepack RPC</a></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/" class="nav-list-link">Other</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-metasploit-mcp-server.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit MCP Server</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-metasploit-with-ngrok.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit with ngrok</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-the-favorite-command.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use the Favorite command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/information-about-unmet-browser-exploit-requirements.html" class="nav-list-link">Information About Unmet Browser Exploit Requirements</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/" class="nav-list-link">Oracle Support</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/how-to-get-oracle-support-working-with-kali-linux.html" class="nav-list-link">How to get Oracle Support working with Kali Linux</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/oracle-usage.html" class="nav-list-link">Oracle Usage</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/why-cve-is-not-available.html" class="nav-list-link">Why CVE is not available</a></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/development/" class="nav-list-link active">Development</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/development/get-started/" class="nav-list-link">Get Started</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/contributing-to-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">Contributing to Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/creating-your-first-pr.html" class="nav-list-link">Creating Your First PR</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/setting-up-a-metasploit-development-environment.html" class="nav-list-link">Setting Up a Metasploit Development Environment</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/sanitizing-pcaps.html" class="nav-list-link">Sanitizing PCAPs</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" 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role="main"><p>PowerShell is a scripting language developed by Microsoft. It provides API access to almost everything in a Windows platform, less detectable by countermeasures, easy to learn, therefore it is incredibly powerful for penetration testing during post exploitation, or exploit development for payload execution. Take Metasploit’s <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/smb/psexec_psh.rb">windows/smb/psexec_psh.rb</a> module for example: it mimics the psexec utility from SysInternals, the payload is compressed and executed from the command line, which allows it to be somewhat stealthy against antivirus. There’s only less than 30 lines of code in psexec_psh.rb (excluding the metadata that describes what the module is about), because most of the work is done by the Powershell mixin, nothing is easier than that.</p><p>The command line will automatically attempt to detect the architecture (x86 or x86_64) that it is being run in, as well as the payload architecture that it contains. If there is a mismatch it will spawn the correct PowerShell architecture to inject the payload into, so there is no need to worry about the architecture of the target system.</p><h3 id="requirements"> <a href="#requirements" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="requirements"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Requirements</h3><p>To use the PowerShell mixin, make sure you meet these requirements:</p><ul><li>The target machine supports PowerShell. Vista or newer should support it.<li>You must have permission to execute powershell.exe<li>You must be able to supply system command arguments.<li>You must set up a command execution type attack in order to execute powershell.exe</ul><h3 id="usage"> <a href="#usage" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="usage"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Usage</h3><ul><li>To add PowerShell to your module, first you need to require it:</ul><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">require</span> <span class="s1">'msf/core/exploit/powershell'</span>
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li>And then include the mixin within the scope of the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Metasploit3</code> class (or maybe <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Metasploit4</code> for some)</ul><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kp">include</span> <span class="no">Msf</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Exploit</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Powershell</span>
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li>Use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">cmd_psh_payload</code> method to generate the PowerShell payload.</ul><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">cmd_psh_payload</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">payload</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">encoded</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">payload_instance</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">arch</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">first</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>The actual output of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">cmd_psh_payload</code> is a system command, which would look like the following format (as a one-liner):</p><div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>%COMSPEC% /B /C start powershell.exe -Command $si = New-Object
System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo;$si.FileName = 'powershell.exe';
$si.Arguments = ' -EncodedCommand [BASE64 PAYLOAD] ';
$si.UseShellExecute = $false;
$si.RedirectStandardOutput = $true;$si.WindowStyle = 'Hidden';
$si.CreateNoWindow = $True;
$p = [System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start($si);
</code></pre></div></div><p>A number of options can be used to adjust the final command depending on the circumstances of the exploit. By default the script is compressed but no encoding takes places of the wrapper. This produces a small command of around ~2000 characters (depending on the payload).</p><p>Of these <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">encode_final_payload</code> is the most noteworthy as it will Base64 encode the full payload giving a very simple command with very few bad characters. However, the command length will increase as a result. Combining this with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">remove_comspec</code> means the payload would very simply be:</p><p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">powershell.exe -nop -ep bypass -e AAAABBBBCCCCDDDD.....==</code></p><p>Check out the other advanced options in the API documentation below.</p><h3 id="references"> <a href="#references" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="references"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> References</h3><ul><li><a href="https://docs.metasploit.com/api/Msf/Exploit/Powershell.html">https://docs.metasploit.com/api/Msf/Exploit/Powershell.html</a><li><a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/lib/msf/core/exploit/powershell.rb">https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/lib/msf/core/exploit/powershell.rb</a><li><a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/data/exploits/powershell/powerdump.ps1">https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/data/exploits/powershell/powerdump.ps1</a></ul><hr><footer><p><a href="#top" id="back-to-top">Back to top</a></p><p class="text-small text-grey-dk-000 mb-0"> <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/docs/metasploit-framework.wiki/How-to-use-Powershell-in-an-exploit.md" id="edit-this-page">Edit this page on GitHub</a></p></footer></div></div><div class="search-overlay"></div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/toggle_mode.js"></script> <script> var config = { theme: 'default', logLevel: 'fatal', securityLevel: 'strict', startOnLoad: true, arrowMarkerAbsolute: false, er: { diagramPadding: 20, layoutDirection: 'TB', minEntityWidth: 100, minEntityHeight: 75, entityPadding: 15, stroke: 'gray', fill: 'honeydew', fontSize: 12, useMaxWidth: true, }, flowchart:{ diagramPadding: 8, htmlLabels: true, curve: 'basis', }, sequence: { diagramMarginX: 50, diagramMarginY: 10, actorMargin: 50, width: 150, height: 65, boxMargin: 10, boxTextMargin: 5, noteMargin: 10, messageMargin: 35, messageAlign: 'center', mirrorActors: true, bottomMarginAdj: 1, useMaxWidth: true, rightAngles: false, showSequenceNumbers: false, }, gantt: { titleTopMargin: 25, barHeight: 20, barGap: 4, topPadding: 50, leftPadding: 75, fontSize: 11, gridLineStartPadding: 35, fontFamily: '\'Open Sans\', sans-serif', numberSectionStyles: 4, axisFormat: '%Y-%m-%d', topAxis: false, }, }; mermaid.initialize(config); window.mermaid.init(undefined, document.querySelectorAll('.language-mermaid')); </script>
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