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Metasploit module appropriately</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-payloads-work.html" class="nav-list-link">How payloads work</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/module-documentation.html" class="nav-list-link">Module Documentation</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-to-use-a-reverse-shell-in-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use a reverse shell in Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/how-to-use-msfvenom.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use msfvenom</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/basics/managing-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Managing Sessions</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/" 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href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/pivoting-in-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">Pivoting in Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/intermediate/running-private-modules.html" class="nav-list-link">Running Private Modules</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/" class="nav-list-link">Advanced</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/how-to-configure-dns.html" class="nav-list-link">How to Configure DNS</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/metasploit-web-service.html" class="nav-list-link">Metasploit Web Service</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/" class="nav-list-link">Meterpreter</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter.html" class="nav-list-link">Overview</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-configuration.html" class="nav-list-link">Configuration</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/debugging-dead-meterpreter-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Debugging Dead Meterpreter Sessions</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-debugging-meterpreter-sessions.html" class="nav-list-link">Debugging Meterpreter Sessions</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-executebof-command.html" class="nav-list-link">ExecuteBof Command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-http-communication.html" class="nav-list-link">HTTP Communication</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/how-to-get-started-with-writing-a-meterpreter-script.html" class="nav-list-link">How to get started with writing a Meterpreter script</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-paranoid-mode.html" class="nav-list-link">Paranoid Mode</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/powershell-extension.html" class="nav-list-link">Powershell Extension</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/python-extension.html" class="nav-list-link">Python Extension</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-reg-command.html" class="nav-list-link">Reg Command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-reliable-network-communication.html" class="nav-list-link">Reliable Network Communication</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-sleep-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Sleep Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-stageless-mode.html" class="nav-list-link">Stageless Mode</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/the-ins-and-outs-of-http-and-https-communications-in-meterpreter-and-metasploit-stagers.html" class="nav-list-link">The ins and outs of HTTP and HTTPS communications in Meterpreter and Metasploit Stagers</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-timeout-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Timeout Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-transport-control.html" class="nav-list-link">Transport Control</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-unicode-support.html" class="nav-list-link">Unicode Support</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/meterpreter/meterpreter-wishlist.html" class="nav-list-link">Wishlist</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/" class="nav-list-link">RPC</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/how-to-use-metasploit-json-rpc.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit JSON RPC</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/advanced/RPC/how-to-use-metasploit-messagepack-rpc.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit Messagepack RPC</a></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/" class="nav-list-link">Other</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-metasploit-mcp-server.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit MCP Server</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-metasploit-with-ngrok.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use Metasploit with ngrok</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/how-to-use-the-favorite-command.html" class="nav-list-link">How to use the Favorite command</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/information-about-unmet-browser-exploit-requirements.html" class="nav-list-link">Information About Unmet Browser Exploit Requirements</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/" class="nav-list-link">Oracle Support</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/how-to-get-oracle-support-working-with-kali-linux.html" class="nav-list-link">How to get Oracle Support working with Kali Linux</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/oracle-support/oracle-usage.html" class="nav-list-link">Oracle Usage</a></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/using-metasploit/other/why-cve-is-not-available.html" class="nav-list-link">Why CVE is not available</a></ul></ul><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/development/" class="nav-list-link active">Development</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" class="nav-list-expander"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></a><a href="/docs/development/get-started/" class="nav-list-link">Get Started</a><ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/contributing-to-metasploit.html" class="nav-list-link">Contributing to Metasploit</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/creating-your-first-pr.html" class="nav-list-link">Creating Your First PR</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/setting-up-a-metasploit-development-environment.html" class="nav-list-link">Setting Up a Metasploit Development Environment</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/docs/development/get-started/sanitizing-pcaps.html" class="nav-list-link">Sanitizing PCAPs</a><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="#" 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role="main"><p>The Metasploit Framework provides different mixins you can use to develop a browser exploit, mainly they are <a href="/docs/development/developing-modules/guides/how-to-write-a-browser-exploit-using-httpserver.html">Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer</a>, Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML and <a href="/docs/development/developing-modules/libraries/http/how-to-write-a-browser-exploit-using-browserexploitserver.html">Msf::Exploit::Remote::BrowserExploitServer</a>. This writeup covers the HttpServer mixin.</p><p>The HttpServer mixin is kind of the mother of all HTTP server mixins (like BrowserExploitServer and HttpServer::HTML). To use it, your module is required to have a “on_request_uri” method, which is a callback triggered when the HTTP server receives a HTTP request from the browser. An example of setting up “on_request_uri”:</p><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Listens for a HTTP request.</span>
<span class="c1"># cli is the socket object, and request is a Rex::Proto::Http::Request object</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_request_uri</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">print_status</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Client requests URI: </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">uri</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>The “on_request_uri” method is also where you can create the HTTP response. Here’s a couple of choices you can use to do that:</p><ul><li><strong>send_not_found(cli)</strong> - Sends a 404 to the client. Make sure to pass the cli (socket) object.<li><strong>send_redirect(cli, location=’/’, body=’’, headers={})</strong> - Redirects the client to a new location.<li><strong>send_response(cli, body, headers={})</strong> - Sends a response to the client. This method is probably what you’ll be using most of the time.</ul><p>If you’ve seen some of our exploit modules, you will also see them using Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML instead of Exploit::Remote::HttpServer. Usage is mostly the same, the difference is the Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML mixin gives you access to some Javascript functions like Base64, heap spraying, OS detection, etc.</p><p>Here’s an example of sending a HTTP response:</p><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Sends a "Hello, world!" to the client</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_request_uri</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Hello, world!"</span>
<span class="n">send_response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>Also note that in order to handle a HTTP request, it must contain the base URIPATH, which by default is random. This means if you want to handle multiple URIs (possible if you need to handle a redirect or a link), you also need to make sure they have the base URIPATH. To retrieve the base URIPATH, you can use the “get_resource” method, here’s an example:</p><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">serve_page_1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"This is page 1"</span>
<span class="n">send_response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">serve_page_2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"This is page 2"</span>
<span class="n">send_response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">serve_default_page</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%Q|
&lt;html&gt;
&lt;a href="</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">get_resource</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">chomp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sx">/page_1.html"&gt;Go to page 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">get_resource</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">chomp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sx">/page_2.html"&gt;Go to page 2&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;
|</span>
<span class="n">send_response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_request_uri</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">uri</span>
<span class="k">when</span> <span class="sr">/page_1\.html$/</span>
<span class="n">serve_page_1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">when</span> <span class="sr">/page_2\.html$/</span>
<span class="n">serve_page_2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="n">serve_default_page</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>Of course, when you write a Metasploit browser exploit there’s a lot more you need to think about. For example, your module probably needs to do browser detection, because it wouldn’t make any sense to allow Chrome to receive an IE exploit, would it? You probably also need to build a payload that’s specific to the target, which means your module needs to know what target it’s hitting, and you have to build a method to customize the exploit accordingly, etc. The HttpServer and HttpServer::HTML mixin provides all kinds of methods to allow you to accomplish all these. Make sure to check out the API documentation (you can either do this by running msf/documentation/gendocs.sh, or just run “yard” in the msf directory), or checkout existing code examples (especially the recent ones).</p><p>To get things started, you can always use the following template to start developing your browser exploit:</p><div class="language-ruby highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">##</span>
<span class="c1"># This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download</span>
<span class="c1"># Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework</span>
<span class="c1">##</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MetasploitModule</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="no">Msf</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Exploit</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Remote</span>
<span class="no">Rank</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">NormalRanking</span>
<span class="kp">include</span> <span class="no">Msf</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Exploit</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Remote</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">HttpServer</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{})</span>
<span class="k">super</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">update_info</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">info</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'Name'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'HttpServer mixin example'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'Description'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%q{
Here's an example of using the HttpServer mixin
}</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'License'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="no">MSF_LICENSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'Author'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'sinn3r'</span> <span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s1">'References'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'URL'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'http://metasploit.com'</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s1">'Platform'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'win'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'Targets'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'Generic'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{}</span> <span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s1">'DisclosureDate'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'2013-04-01'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'DefaultTarget'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_request_uri</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'hello'</span>
<span class="n">send_response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cli</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>If you want to take a closer look at what the mixin can do, see: <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/lib/msf/core/exploit/http/server.rb">https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/lib/msf/core/exploit/http/server.rb</a></p><hr><footer><p><a href="#top" id="back-to-top">Back to top</a></p><p class="text-small text-grey-dk-000 mb-0"> <a href="https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/docs/metasploit-framework.wiki/How-to-write-a-browser-exploit-using-HttpServer.md" id="edit-this-page">Edit this page on GitHub</a></p></footer></div></div><div class="search-overlay"></div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/toggle_mode.js"></script> <script> var config = { theme: 'default', logLevel: 'fatal', securityLevel: 'strict', startOnLoad: true, arrowMarkerAbsolute: false, er: { diagramPadding: 20, layoutDirection: 'TB', minEntityWidth: 100, minEntityHeight: 75, entityPadding: 15, stroke: 'gray', fill: 'honeydew', fontSize: 12, useMaxWidth: true, }, flowchart:{ diagramPadding: 8, htmlLabels: true, curve: 'basis', }, sequence: { diagramMarginX: 50, diagramMarginY: 10, actorMargin: 50, width: 150, height: 65, boxMargin: 10, boxTextMargin: 5, noteMargin: 10, messageMargin: 35, messageAlign: 'center', mirrorActors: true, bottomMarginAdj: 1, useMaxWidth: true, rightAngles: false, showSequenceNumbers: false, }, gantt: { titleTopMargin: 25, barHeight: 20, barGap: 4, topPadding: 50, leftPadding: 75, fontSize: 11, gridLineStartPadding: 35, fontFamily: '\'Open Sans\', sans-serif', numberSectionStyles: 4, axisFormat: '%Y-%m-%d', topAxis: false, }, }; mermaid.initialize(config); window.mermaid.init(undefined, document.querySelectorAll('.language-mermaid')); </script>
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