diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index d91b47f92c..fdfc0f4102 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ PATH
       metasploit-concern
       metasploit-credential
       metasploit-model
-      metasploit-payloads (= 2.0.175)
+      metasploit-payloads (= 2.0.183)
       metasploit_data_models
-      metasploit_payloads-mettle (= 1.0.31)
+      metasploit_payloads-mettle (= 1.0.32)
       mqtt
       msgpack (~> 1.6.0)
       mutex_m
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ GEM
       activemodel (~> 7.0)
       activesupport (~> 7.0)
       railties (~> 7.0)
-    metasploit-payloads (2.0.175)
+    metasploit-payloads (2.0.183)
     metasploit_data_models (6.0.3)
       activerecord (~> 7.0)
       activesupport (~> 7.0)
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ GEM
       railties (~> 7.0)
       recog
       webrick
-    metasploit_payloads-mettle (1.0.31)
+    metasploit_payloads-mettle (1.0.32)
     method_source (1.1.0)
     mime-types (3.5.2)
       mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
diff --git a/LICENSE_GEMS b/LICENSE_GEMS
index 63ab30283a..703c6c2ed6 100644
--- a/LICENSE_GEMS
+++ b/LICENSE_GEMS
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ metasploit-concern, 5.0.2, "New BSD"
 metasploit-credential, 6.0.9, "New BSD"
 metasploit-framework, 6.4.31, "New BSD"
 metasploit-model, 5.0.2, "New BSD"
-metasploit-payloads, 2.0.175, "3-clause (or ""modified"") BSD"
+metasploit-payloads, 2.0.183, "3-clause (or ""modified"") BSD"
 metasploit_data_models, 6.0.3, "New BSD"
-metasploit_payloads-mettle, 1.0.31, "3-clause (or ""modified"") BSD"
+metasploit_payloads-mettle, 1.0.32, "3-clause (or ""modified"") BSD"
 method_source, 1.1.0, MIT
 mime-types, 3.5.2, MIT
 mime-types-data, 3.2024.0604, MIT
diff --git a/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell.rb b/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell.rb
index c606e85ace..bb9b04472a 100644
--- a/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell.rb
@@ -735,6 +735,49 @@ Shell Banner:
     end
   end
 
+  # Perform command line escaping wherein most chars are able to be escaped by quoting them,
+  # but others don't have a valid way of existing inside quotes, so we need to "glue" together
+  # a series of sections of the original command line; some sections inside quotes, and some outside
+  # @param arg [String] The command line arg to escape
+  # @param quote_requiring [Array<String>] The chars that can successfully be escaped inside quotes
+  # @param unquotable_char [String] The character that can't exist inside quotes
+  # @param escaped_unquotable_char [String] The escaped form of unquotable_char
+  # @param quote_char [String] The char used for quoting
+  def self._glue_cmdline_escape(arg, quote_requiring, unquotable_char, escaped_unquotable_char, quote_char)
+    current_token = ""
+    result = ""
+    in_quotes = false
+
+    arg.each_char do |char|
+      if char == unquotable_char
+        if in_quotes
+          # This token has been in an inside-quote context, so let's properly wrap that before continuing
+          current_token = "#{quote_char}#{current_token}#{quote_char}"
+        end
+        result += current_token
+        result += escaped_unquotable_char # Escape the offending percent
+
+        # Start a new token - we'll assume we're remaining outside quotes
+        current_token = ''
+        in_quotes = false
+        next
+      elsif quote_requiring.include?(char)
+        # Oh, it turns out we should have been inside quotes for this token.
+        # Let's note that, for when we actually append the token
+        in_quotes = true
+      end
+      current_token += char
+    end
+
+    if in_quotes
+      # The final token has been in an inside-quote context, so let's properly wrap that before continuing
+      current_token = "#{quote_char}#{current_token}#{quote_char}"
+    end
+    result += current_token
+
+    result
+  end
+
   attr_accessor :arch
   attr_accessor :platform
   attr_accessor :max_threads
diff --git a/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix.rb b/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix.rb
index c3bd2dd135..16a999357f 100644
--- a/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix.rb
@@ -5,9 +5,44 @@ module Msf::Sessions
       self.platform = "unix"
       super
     end
+
     def shell_command_token(cmd,timeout = 10)
       shell_command_token_unix(cmd,timeout)
     end
+
+    # Convert the executable and argument array to a command that can be run in this command shell
+    # @param cmd_and_args [Array<String>] The process path and the arguments to the process
+    def to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+      self.class.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+    end
+
+    # Escape an individual argument per Unix shell rules
+    # @param arg [String] Shell argument
+    def escape_arg(arg)
+      self.class.escape_arg(arg)
+    end
+
+    # Convert the executable and argument array to a command that can be run in this command shell
+    # @param cmd_and_args [Array<String>] The process path and the arguments to the process
+    def self.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+      escaped = cmd_and_args.map do |arg|
+        escape_arg(arg)
+      end
+
+      escaped.join(' ')
+    end
+
+    # Escape an individual argument per Unix shell rules
+    # @param arg [String] Shell argument
+    def self.escape_arg(arg)
+      quote_requiring = ['\\', '`', '(', ')', '<', '>', '&', '|', ' ', '@', '"', '$', ';']
+      result = CommandShell._glue_cmdline_escape(arg, quote_requiring, "'", "\\'", "'")
+      if result == ''
+        result = "''"
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows.rb b/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows.rb
index b98667a758..a4397f96e4 100644
--- a/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 module Msf::Sessions
 
   class CommandShellWindows < CommandShell
@@ -6,9 +5,115 @@ module Msf::Sessions
       self.platform = "windows"
       super
     end
+
+    def self.space_chars
+      [' ', '\t', '\v']
+    end
+
     def shell_command_token(cmd,timeout = 10)
       shell_command_token_win32(cmd,timeout)
     end
+
+    # Convert the executable and argument array to a command that can be run in this command shell
+    # @param cmd_and_args [Array<String>] The process path and the arguments to the process
+    def to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+      self.class.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+    end
+
+    # Escape a process for the command line
+    # @param executable [String] The process to launch
+    def self.escape_cmd(executable)
+      needs_quoting = space_chars.any? do |char|
+        executable.include?(char)
+      end
+
+      if needs_quoting
+        executable = "\"#{executable}\""
+      end
+
+      executable
+    end
+
+    # Convert the executable and argument array to a commandline that can be passed to CreateProcessAsUserW.
+    # @param args [Array<String>] The arguments to the process
+    # @remark The difference between this and `to_cmd` is that the output of `to_cmd` is expected to be passed
+    #         to cmd.exe, whereas this is expected to be passed directly to the Win32 API, anticipating that it
+    #         will in turn be interpreted by CommandLineToArgvW.
+    def self.argv_to_commandline(args)
+      escaped_args = args.map do |arg|
+        escape_arg(arg)
+      end
+
+      escaped_args.join(' ')
+    end
+
+    # Escape an individual argument per Windows shell rules
+    # @param arg [String] Shell argument
+    def self.escape_arg(arg)
+        needs_quoting = space_chars.any? do |char|
+          arg.include?(char)
+        end
+
+        # Fix the weird behaviour when backslashes are treated differently when immediately prior to a double-quote
+        # We need to send double the number of backslashes to make it work as expected
+        # See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/shellapi/nf-shellapi-commandlinetoargvw#remarks
+        arg = arg.gsub(/(\\*)"/, '\\1\\1"')
+
+        # Quotes need to be escaped
+        arg = arg.gsub('"', '\\"')
+
+        if needs_quoting
+          # At the end of the argument, we're about to add another quote - so any backslashes need to be doubled here too
+          arg = arg.gsub(/(\\*)$/, '\\1\\1')
+          arg = "\"#{arg}\""
+        end
+
+        # Empty string needs to be coerced to have a value
+        arg = '""' if arg == ''
+
+        arg
+    end
+
+    # Convert the executable and argument array to a command that can be run in this command shell
+    # @param cmd_and_args [Array<String>] The process path and the arguments to the process
+    def self.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+      # The space, caret and quote chars need to be inside double-quoted strings.
+      # The percent character needs to be escaped using a caret char, while being outside a double-quoted string.
+      #
+      # Situations where these two situations combine are going to be the trickiest cases: something that has quote-requiring
+      # characters (e.g. spaces), but which also needs to avoid expanding an environment variable. In this case,
+      # the string needs to end up being partially quoted; with parts of the string in quotes, but others (i.e. bits with percents) not.
+      # For example:
+      # 'env var is %temp%, yes, %TEMP%' needs to end up as '"env var is "^%temp^%", yes, "^%TEMP^%'
+      #
+      # There is flexibility in how you might implement this, but I think this one looks the most "human" to me,
+      # which would make it less signaturable.
+      #
+      # To do this, we'll consider each argument character-by-character. Each time we encounter a percent sign, we break out of any quotes
+      # (if we've been inside them in the current "token"), and then start a new "token".
+
+      quote_requiring = ['"', '^', ' ', "\t", "\v", '&', '<', '>', '|']
+
+      escaped_cmd_and_args = cmd_and_args.map do |arg|
+        # Escape quote chars by doubling them up, except those preceeded by a backslash (which are already effectively escaped, and handled below)
+        arg = arg.gsub(/([^\\])"/, '\\1""')
+        arg = arg.gsub(/^"/, '""')
+
+        result = CommandShell._glue_cmdline_escape(arg, quote_requiring, '%', '^%', '"')
+
+        # Fix the weird behaviour when backslashes are treated differently when immediately prior to a double-quote
+        # We need to send double the number of backslashes to make it work as expected
+        # See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/shellapi/nf-shellapi-commandlinetoargvw#remarks
+        result.gsub!(/(\\*)"/, '\\1\\1"')
+
+        # Empty string needs to be coerced to have a value
+        result = '""' if result == ''
+
+        result
+      end
+
+      escaped_cmd_and_args.join(' ')
+    end
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell.rb b/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell.rb
index cbf3bf08f0..3bde436f5c 100644
--- a/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell.rb
@@ -38,6 +38,91 @@ class Msf::Sessions::PowerShell < Msf::Sessions::CommandShell
 
   include Mixin
 
+  # Convert the executable and argument array to a command that can be run in this command shell
+  # @param cmd_and_args [Array<String>] The process path and the arguments to the process
+  def to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+    self.class.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+  end
+
+  # Convert the executable and argument array to a command that can be run in this command shell
+  # @param cmd_and_args [Array<String>] The process path and the arguments to the process
+  def self.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
+    # The principle here is that we want to launch a process such that it receives *exactly* what is in `args`. 
+    # This means we need to:
+    # - Escape all special characters
+    # - Not escape environment variables
+    # - Side-step any PowerShell magic
+    # If someone specifically wants to use the PowerShell magic, they can use other APIs
+  
+    needs_wrapping_chars = ['$', '`', '(', ')', '@', '>', '<', '{','}', '&', ',', ' ', ';']
+  
+    result = ""
+    cmd_and_args.each_with_index do |arg, index|
+      needs_single_quoting = false
+      if arg.include?("'")
+        arg = arg.gsub("'", "''")
+        needs_single_quoting = true
+      end
+      
+      if arg.include?('"')
+        # PowerShell acts weird around quotes and backslashes
+        # First we need to escape backslashes immediately prior to a double-quote, because
+        # they're treated differently than backslashes anywhere else
+        arg = arg.gsub(/(\\+)"/, '\\1\\1"')
+
+        # Then we can safely prepend a backslash to escape our double-quote
+        arg = arg.gsub('"', '\\"')
+        needs_single_quoting = true
+      end
+      
+      needs_wrapping_chars.each do |char|
+        if arg.include?(char)
+          needs_single_quoting = true
+        end
+      end
+
+      # PowerShell magic - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_special_characters?view=powershell-7.4#stop-parsing-token---
+      if arg == '--%'
+        needs_single_quoting = true
+      end
+
+      will_be_double_quoted_by_powershell = [' ', '\t', '\v'].any? do |bad_char|
+        arg.include?(bad_char)
+      end
+
+      if will_be_double_quoted_by_powershell
+        # This is horrible, and I'm so so sorry.
+        # If an argument ends with a series of backslashes, and it will be quoted by PowerShell when *it* launches the process (e.g. because the arg contains a space),
+        # PowerShell will not correctly handle backslashes immediately preceeding the quote that it *itself* adds. So we need to be responsible for this.
+        arg = arg.gsub(/(\\*)$/, '\\1\\1')
+      end
+
+      if needs_single_quoting
+        arg = "'#{arg}'"
+      end
+
+      if arg == ''
+        # Pass in empty strings
+        arg = '\'""\''
+      end
+  
+      if index == 0
+        if needs_single_quoting
+          # If the executable name (i.e. index 0) has beeen wrapped, then we'll have converted it to a string.
+          # We then need to use the call operator ('&') to call it.
+          # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_operators?view=powershell-7.3#call-operator-
+          result = "& #{arg}"
+        else
+          result = arg
+        end
+      else
+        result = "#{result} #{arg}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    result
+  end
+
   #
   # Execute any specified auto-run scripts for this session
   #
diff --git a/lib/msf/core/post/common.rb b/lib/msf/core/post/common.rb
index cc7639ede0..dee213d649 100644
--- a/lib/msf/core/post/common.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/core/post/common.rb
@@ -52,6 +52,71 @@ module Msf::Post::Common
     "#{rhost}:#{rport}"
   end
 
+  # Create a new process, receiving the program's output
+  # @param executable [String] The path to the executable; either absolute or relative to the session's current directory
+  # @param args [Array<String>] The arguments to the executable
+  # @time_out [Integer] Number of seconds before the call will time out
+  # @param opts [Hash] Optional settings to parameterise the process launch
+  # @option Hidden [Boolean] Is the process launched without creating a visible window
+  # @option Channelized [Boolean] The process is launched with pipes connected to a channel, e.g. for sending input/receiving output
+  # @option Suspended [Boolean] Start the process suspended
+  # @option UseThreadToken [Boolean] Use the thread token (as opposed to the process token) to launch the process
+  # @option Desktop [Boolean] Run on meterpreter's current desktop
+  # @option Session [Integer] Execute process in a given session as the session user
+  # @option Subshell [Boolean] Execute process in a subshell
+  # @option Pty [Boolean] Execute process in a pty (if available)
+  # @option ParentId [Integer] Spoof the parent PID (if possible)
+  # @option InMemory [Boolean,String] Execute from memory (`path` is treated as a local file to upload, and the actual path passed
+  #                                   to meterpreter is this parameter's value, if provided as a String)
+  def create_process(executable, args: [], time_out: 15, opts: {})
+    case session.type
+    when 'meterpreter'
+      session.response_timeout = time_out
+      opts = {
+        'Hidden' => true,
+        'Channelized' => true,
+        # Well-behaving meterpreters will ignore the Subshell flag when using arg arrays.
+        # This is still provided for supporting old meterpreters.
+        'Subshell' => true
+      }.merge(opts)
+
+      if session.platform == 'windows'
+        if session.arch == 'php'
+          opts[:legacy_args] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows.to_cmd(args)
+          opts[:legacy_path] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows.to_cmd([executable])
+        elsif session.arch == 'python'
+          opts[:legacy_path] = executable
+          # Yes, Unix. Old Python meterp had a bug where it used posix shell splitting
+          # syntax even on Windows. For backwards-compatibility, we can trick it into
+          # doing the right thing by using Unix escaping.
+          opts[:legacy_args] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix.to_cmd(args)
+        else
+          opts[:legacy_args] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows.argv_to_commandline(args)
+          opts[:legacy_path] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows.escape_cmd(executable)
+        end
+      else
+        opts[:legacy_args] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix.to_cmd(args)
+        opts[:legacy_path] = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix.to_cmd([executable])
+      end
+
+      if opts['Channelized']
+        o = session.sys.process.capture_output(executable, args, opts, time_out)
+      else
+        session.sys.process.execute(executable, args, opts)
+      end
+    when 'powershell'
+      cmd = session.to_cmd([executable] + args)
+      o = session.shell_command(cmd, time_out)
+      o.chomp! if o
+    when 'shell'
+      cmd = session.to_cmd([executable] + args)
+      o = session.shell_command_token(cmd, time_out)
+      o.chomp! if o
+    end
+    return "" if o.nil?
+    return o
+  end
+
   #
   # Executes +cmd+ on the remote system
   #
diff --git a/lib/msf/core/post/file.rb b/lib/msf/core/post/file.rb
index 4ae5abdf46..a93711f0e2 100644
--- a/lib/msf/core/post/file.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/core/post/file.rb
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ module Msf::Post::File
     if session.type == 'meterpreter' && session.commands.include?(Rex::Post::Meterpreter::Extensions::Stdapi::COMMAND_ID_STDAPI_FS_CHMOD)
       session.fs.file.chmod(path, mode)
     else
-      cmd_exec("chmod #{mode.to_s(8)} '#{path}'")
+      create_process('chmod', args: [mode.to_s(8), path])
     end
   end
 
@@ -740,6 +740,7 @@ module Msf::Post::File
     else
       file_mode = 'Create'
     end
+    file_name = file_name.gsub("'","''")
     pwsh_code = <<~PSH
       try {
       $encoded='#{encoded_chunk}';
@@ -911,7 +912,7 @@ protected
       success = _win_ansi_write_file(b64_filename, b64_data, chunk_size)
       return false unless success
       vprint_status("Uploaded Base64-encoded file. Decoding using certutil")
-      success = _shell_command_with_success_code("certutil -f -decode #{b64_filename} #{file_name}")
+      success = _shell_process_with_success_code('certutil', ['-f', '-decode', b64_filename, file_name])
       return false unless success
     rescue ::Exception => e
       print_error("Exception while running #{__method__}: #{e}")
@@ -937,10 +938,10 @@ protected
       success = _win_ansi_write_file(b64_filename, b64_data, chunk_size)
       return false unless success
       vprint_status("Uploaded Base64-encoded file. Decoding using certutil")
-      success = _shell_command_with_success_code("certutil -decode #{b64_filename} #{tmp_filename}")
+      success = _shell_process_with_success_code('certutil', ['-decode', b64_filename, tmp_filename])
       return false unless success
       vprint_status("Certutil succeeded. Appending using copy")
-      success = _shell_command_with_success_code("copy /b #{file_name}+#{tmp_filename} #{file_name}")
+      success = _shell_process_with_success_code('copy', ['/b', "#{file_name}+#{tmp_filename}", file_name])
       return false unless success
     rescue ::Exception => e
       print_error("Exception while running #{__method__}: #{e}")
@@ -980,7 +981,7 @@ protected
     # Short-circuit an empty string. The : builtin is part of posix
     # standard and should theoretically exist everywhere.
     if data.empty?
-      return _shell_command_with_success_code(": #{redirect} #{file_name}")
+      return _shell_command_with_success_code(": #{redirect} #{session.escape_arg(file_name)}")
     end
 
     d = data.dup
@@ -1081,7 +1082,7 @@ protected
     # The first command needs to use the provided redirection for either
     # appending or truncating.
     cmd = command.sub('CONTENTS') { chunks.shift }
-    succeeded = _shell_command_with_success_code("#{cmd} #{redirect} \"#{file_name}\"")
+    succeeded = _shell_command_with_success_code("#{cmd} #{redirect} #{session.escape_arg(file_name)}")
     return false unless succeeded
 
     # After creating/truncating or appending with the first command, we
@@ -1090,7 +1091,7 @@ protected
       vprint_status("Next chunk is #{chunk.length} bytes")
       cmd = command.sub('CONTENTS') { chunk }
 
-      succeeded = _shell_command_with_success_code("#{cmd} >> '#{file_name}'")
+      succeeded = _shell_command_with_success_code("#{cmd} >> #{session.escape_arg(file_name)}")
       unless succeeded
         print_warning("Write partially succeeded then failed. May need to manually clean up #{file_name}")
         return false
@@ -1107,6 +1108,15 @@ protected
     return result&.include?(token)
   end
 
+  def _shell_process_with_success_code(executable, args)
+    cmd = session.to_cmd([executable] + args)
+    token = "_#{::Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(32)}"
+    result = session.shell_command_token("#{cmd} && echo #{token}")
+
+    return result&.include?(token)
+  end
+
+
   #
   # Calculate the maximum line length for a unix shell.
   #
diff --git a/lib/msf/core/session/provider/single_command_shell.rb b/lib/msf/core/session/provider/single_command_shell.rb
index 4a166e48e2..9781f8a10f 100644
--- a/lib/msf/core/session/provider/single_command_shell.rb
+++ b/lib/msf/core/session/provider/single_command_shell.rb
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ module SingleCommandShell
     output
   end
 
-  def to_cmd(cmd, args)
+  def to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
     if platform == 'windows'
-      result = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows.to_cmd(cmd, args)
+      result = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
     else
-      result = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix.to_cmd(cmd, args)
+      result = Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix.to_cmd(cmd_and_args)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/sys/process.rb b/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/sys/process.rb
index 85477d5f14..4c52036533 100644
--- a/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/sys/process.rb
+++ b/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/sys/process.rb
@@ -107,15 +107,24 @@ class Process < Rex::Post::Process
 
   #
   # Executes an application using the arguments provided
+  # @param path [String] Path on the remote system to the executable to run
+  # @param arguments [String,Array<String>] Arguments to the process. When passed as a String (rather than an array of Strings), 
+  #                                         this is treated as a string containing all arguments.
+  # @param opts [Hash] Optional settings to parameterise the process launch
+  # @option Hidden [Boolean] Is the process launched without creating a visible window
+  # @option Channelized [Boolean] The process is launched with pipes connected to a channel, e.g. for sending input/receiving output
+  # @option Suspended [Boolean] Start the process suspended
+  # @option UseThreadToken [Boolean] Use the thread token (as opposed to the process token) to launch the process
+  # @option Desktop [Boolean] Run on meterpreter's current desktopt
+  # @option Session [Integer] Execute process in a given session as the session user
+  # @option Subshell [Boolean] Execute process in a subshell
+  # @option Pty [Boolean] Execute process in a pty (if available)
+  # @option ParentId [Integer] Spoof the parent PID (if possible)
+  # @option InMemory [Boolean,String] Execute from memory (`path` is treated as a local file to upload, and the actual path passed
+  #                                   to meterpreter is this parameter's value, if provided as a String)
+  # @option :legacy_args [String] When arguments is an array, this is the command to execute if the receiving Meterpreter does not support arguments as an array
   #
-  # Hash arguments supported:
-  #
-  #   Hidden      => true/false
-  #   Channelized => true/false
-  #   Suspended   => true/false
-  #   InMemory    => true/false
-  #
-  def Process.execute(path, arguments = nil, opts = nil)
+  def Process.execute(path, arguments = '', opts = nil)
     request = Packet.create_request(COMMAND_ID_STDAPI_SYS_PROCESS_EXECUTE)
     flags   = 0
 
@@ -164,11 +173,26 @@ class Process < Rex::Post::Process
       end
     end
 
-    request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PATH, client.unicode_filter_decode( path ));
-
+    # Add arguments
     # If process arguments were supplied
-    if (arguments != nil)
-      request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENTS, arguments);
+    if arguments.kind_of?(Array)
+      request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_UNESCAPED_PATH, client.unicode_filter_decode( path ));
+      # This flag is needed to disambiguate how to handle escaping special characters in the path when no arguments are provided
+      flags |= PROCESS_EXECUTE_FLAG_ARG_ARRAY
+      arguments.each do |arg|
+        request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENT, arg);
+      end
+      if opts[:legacy_path]
+        request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PATH, opts[:legacy_path])
+      end
+      if opts[:legacy_args]
+        request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENTS, opts[:legacy_args])
+      end
+    elsif arguments.kind_of?(String)
+      request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PATH, client.unicode_filter_decode( path ));
+      request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENTS, arguments)
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError.new('Unknown type for arguments')
     end
 
     request.add_tlv(TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_FLAGS, flags);
@@ -194,7 +218,7 @@ class Process < Rex::Post::Process
   #
   # Execute an application and capture the output
   #
-  def Process.capture_output(path, arguments = nil, opts = nil, time_out = 15)
+  def Process.capture_output(path, arguments = '', opts = nil, time_out = 15)
     start = Time.now.to_i
     process = execute(path, arguments, opts)
     data = ""
diff --git a/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/tlv.rb b/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/tlv.rb
index 924838a4af..b6495bb675 100644
--- a/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/tlv.rb
+++ b/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/extensions/stdapi/tlv.rb
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ PROCESS_EXECUTE_FLAG_DESKTOP          = (1 << 4)
 PROCESS_EXECUTE_FLAG_SESSION          = (1 << 5)
 PROCESS_EXECUTE_FLAG_SUBSHELL         = (1 << 6)
 PROCESS_EXECUTE_FLAG_PTY              = (1 << 7)
+PROCESS_EXECUTE_FLAG_ARG_ARRAY        = (1 << 8)
 
 # Registry
 TLV_TYPE_HKEY               = TLV_META_TYPE_QWORD   | 1000
@@ -151,25 +152,27 @@ TLV_TYPE_ENV_GROUP          = TLV_META_TYPE_GROUP   | 1102
 DELETE_KEY_FLAG_RECURSIVE   = (1 << 0)
 
 # Process
-TLV_TYPE_BASE_ADDRESS       = TLV_META_TYPE_QWORD   | 2000
-TLV_TYPE_ALLOCATION_TYPE    = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2001
-TLV_TYPE_PROTECTION         = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2002
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PERMS      = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2003
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_MEMORY     = TLV_META_TYPE_RAW     | 2004
-TLV_TYPE_ALLOC_BASE_ADDRESS = TLV_META_TYPE_QWORD   | 2005
-TLV_TYPE_MEMORY_STATE       = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2006
-TLV_TYPE_MEMORY_TYPE        = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2007
-TLV_TYPE_ALLOC_PROTECTION   = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2008
-TLV_TYPE_PID                = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2300
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_NAME       = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2301
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PATH       = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2302
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_GROUP      = TLV_META_TYPE_GROUP   | 2303
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_FLAGS      = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2304
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENTS  = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2305
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARCH       = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2306
-TLV_TYPE_PARENT_PID         = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2307
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_SESSION    = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2308
-TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARCH_NAME  = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2309
+TLV_TYPE_BASE_ADDRESS           = TLV_META_TYPE_QWORD   | 2000
+TLV_TYPE_ALLOCATION_TYPE        = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2001
+TLV_TYPE_PROTECTION             = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2002
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PERMS          = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2003
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_MEMORY         = TLV_META_TYPE_RAW     | 2004
+TLV_TYPE_ALLOC_BASE_ADDRESS     = TLV_META_TYPE_QWORD   | 2005
+TLV_TYPE_MEMORY_STATE           = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2006
+TLV_TYPE_MEMORY_TYPE            = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2007
+TLV_TYPE_ALLOC_PROTECTION       = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2008
+TLV_TYPE_PID                    = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2300
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_NAME           = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2301
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_PATH           = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2302
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_GROUP          = TLV_META_TYPE_GROUP   | 2303
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_FLAGS          = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2304
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENTS      = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2305
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARCH           = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2306
+TLV_TYPE_PARENT_PID             = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2307
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_SESSION        = TLV_META_TYPE_UINT    | 2308
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARCH_NAME      = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2309
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_ARGUMENT       = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2310
+TLV_TYPE_PROCESS_UNESCAPED_PATH = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2311
 
 TLV_TYPE_DRIVER_ENTRY       = TLV_META_TYPE_GROUP   | 2320
 TLV_TYPE_DRIVER_BASENAME    = TLV_META_TYPE_STRING  | 2321
diff --git a/metasploit-framework.gemspec b/metasploit-framework.gemspec
index 2c8807bd8a..4a98d06f31 100644
--- a/metasploit-framework.gemspec
+++ b/metasploit-framework.gemspec
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   # are needed when there's no database
   spec.add_runtime_dependency 'metasploit-model'
   # Needed for Meterpreter
-  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'metasploit-payloads', '2.0.175'
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'metasploit-payloads', '2.0.183'
   # Needed for the next-generation POSIX Meterpreter
-  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'metasploit_payloads-mettle', '1.0.31'
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'metasploit_payloads-mettle', '1.0.32'
   # Needed by msfgui and other rpc components
   # Locked until build env can handle newer version. See: https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-ruby/issues/334
   spec.add_runtime_dependency 'msgpack', '~> 1.6.0'
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/cmd/unix/reverse_bash.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/cmd/unix/reverse_bash.rb
index bb52610354..629ce1d7e4 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/cmd/unix/reverse_bash.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/cmd/unix/reverse_bash.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module MetasploitModule
      'Platform'      => 'unix',
      'Arch'          => ARCH_CMD,
      'Handler'       => Msf::Handler::ReverseTcp,
-     'Session'       => Msf::Sessions::CommandShell,
+     'Session'       => Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix,
      'PayloadType'   => 'cmd_bash',
      'RequiredCmd'   => 'bash-tcp',
      'Payload'       =>
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
index 433e65f6c5..0dc97e89ba 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1061712
+  CachedSize = 1061912
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
index eac837ca42..4c9590fe1a 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1061712
+  CachedSize = 1061912
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
index 82b9139436..f0d1bf1f7d 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1061712
+  CachedSize = 1061912
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
index 3e47e4126c..574c89da43 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1061884
+  CachedSize = 1062084
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
index 260dfc4a3a..95bc3d92c6 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1061884
+  CachedSize = 1062084
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
index 847692dba1..8ed41f2c63 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1061884
+  CachedSize = 1062084
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
index 133f739b72..7b9b1fe8ac 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1516268
+  CachedSize = 1516524
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
index 473b904852..0904600aad 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1516268
+  CachedSize = 1516524
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
index 59182fe523..f25c282a9f 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1516268
+  CachedSize = 1516524
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
index 3fce57d345..0297a16cae 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1519288
+  CachedSize = 1519544
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
index f897a77ab2..358e856c54 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1519288
+  CachedSize = 1519544
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
index f7adc9d808..3536333417 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 1519288
+  CachedSize = 1519544
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
index b8b74b349c..30693a1ea2 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_http.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
-  CachedSize = 813091
+  CachedSize = 813075
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
index cc7d9e3338..b6e2662255 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_https.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
-  CachedSize = 813091
+  CachedSize = 813075
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
index bffb692091..9f1737fa74 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/osx/aarch64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 # Module generated by tools/modules/generate_mettle_payloads.rb
 module MetasploitModule
-  CachedSize = 813091
+  CachedSize = 813075
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Sessions::MeterpreterOptions
diff --git a/modules/payloads/singles/php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb b/modules/payloads/singles/php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
index bfd845d4c8..9604781ea0 100644
--- a/modules/payloads/singles/php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
+++ b/modules/payloads/singles/php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 module MetasploitModule
 
-  CachedSize = 34854
+  CachedSize = 34928
 
   include Msf::Payload::Single
   include Msf::Payload::Php::ReverseTcp
diff --git a/modules/post/multi/general/execute.rb b/modules/post/multi/general/execute.rb
index 417d08703c..76abe4ffad 100644
--- a/modules/post/multi/general/execute.rb
+++ b/modules/post/multi/general/execute.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
   def run
     print_status("Executing #{datastore['COMMAND']} on #{session.inspect}...")
     res = cmd_exec(datastore['COMMAND'])
-    print_status("Response: #{res}")
+    print_status("Response: \n#{res}")
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix_spec.rb b/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix_spec.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b0d7c369e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_unix_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+RSpec.describe Msf::Sessions::CommandShellUnix do
+  describe 'to_cmd processing' do
+    it 'should not do anything for simple args' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + [])).to eq('./test')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['sh'] + [])).to eq('sh')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['basic','args'])).to eq('./test basic args')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['basic','args'])).to eq('basic args')
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape spaces' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['/home/user/some folder/some program'] + [])).to eq("'/home/user/some folder/some program'")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['with space'])).to eq("./test 'with space'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape logical operators' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['&&', 'echo', 'words'])).to eq("./test '&&' echo words")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['||', 'echo', 'words'])).to eq("./test '||' echo words")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['&echo', 'words'])).to eq("./test '&echo' words")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['run&echo', 'words'])).to eq("./test 'run&echo' words")
+    end
+
+    it 'should quote if single quotes are present' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ["it's"])).to eq("./test it\\'s")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ["it's a param"])).to eq("./test it\\''s a param'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape redirectors' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['>', 'out.txt'])).to eq("./test '>' out.txt")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['<', 'in.txt'])).to eq("./test '<' in.txt")
+    end
+
+    it 'should not expand env vars' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ['$PATH'])).to eq("./test '$PATH'")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ["it's $PATH"])).to eq("./test it\\''s $PATH'")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ["\"$PATH\""])).to eq("./test '\"$PATH\"'")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['./test'] + ["it's \"$PATH\""])).to eq("./test it\\''s \"$PATH\"'")
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows_spec.rb b/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows_spec.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..917e32253a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/command_shell_windows_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+RSpec.describe Msf::Sessions::CommandShellWindows do
+
+  describe 'to_cmd processing' do
+    it 'should not do anything for simple args' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + [])).to eq('test.exe')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['basic','args'])).to eq('test.exe basic args')
+    end
+
+    it 'should quote spaces' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\WINWORD.EXE'] + [])).to eq('"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\WINWORD.EXE"')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['with space'])).to eq('test.exe "with space"')
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape logical operators' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['&&', 'echo', 'words'])).to eq('test.exe "&&" echo words')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['||', 'echo', 'words'])).to eq('test.exe "||" echo words')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['&echo', 'words'])).to eq('test.exe "&echo" words')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['run&echo', 'words'])).to eq('test.exe "run&echo" words')
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape redirectors' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['>', 'out.txt'])).to eq('test.exe ">" out.txt')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['<', 'in.txt'])).to eq('test.exe "<" in.txt')
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape carets' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['with^caret'])).to eq('test.exe "with^caret"')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['with^^carets'])).to eq('test.exe "with^^carets"')
+    end
+
+    it 'should not expand env vars' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['%temp%'])).to eq('test.exe ^%temp^%')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['env', 'var', 'is', '%temp%'])).to eq('test.exe env var is ^%temp^%')
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle the weird backslash escaping behaviour in front of quotes' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['quote\\\\"'])).to eq('test.exe "quote\\\\\\\\""')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['will be quoted\\\\'])).to eq('test.exe "will be quoted\\\\\\\\"')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['will be quoted\\\\ '])).to eq('test.exe "will be quoted\\\\ "') # Should not be doubled up
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['"test"', 'test\\"', 'test\\\\"', 'test words\\\\\\\\', 'test words\\\\\\', '\\\\'])).to eq('test.exe """test""" "test\\\\"" "test\\\\\\\\"" "test words\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" "test words\\\\\\\\\\\\" \\\\')
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle combinations of quoting and percent-escaping' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['env var is %temp%'])).to eq('test.exe "env var is "^%temp^%')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['env var is %temp%, yes, %TEMP%'])).to eq('test.exe "env var is "^%temp^%", yes, "^%TEMP^%')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['%temp%found at the start shouldn\'t %temp% be quoted'])).to eq('test.exe ^%temp^%"found at the start shouldn\'t "^%temp^%" be quoted"')
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle single percents' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['%single percent'])).to eq('test.exe ^%"single percent"')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['100%'])).to eq('test.exe 100^%')
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle empty args' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + [''])).to eq('test.exe ""')
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(['test.exe'] + ['', ''])).to eq('test.exe "" ""')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'argv_to_commandline processing' do
+    it 'should not do anything for simple args' do
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline([])).to eq('')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['basic','args'])).to eq('basic args')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['!@#$%^&*(){}><.,\''])).to eq('!@#$%^&*(){}><.,\'')
+    end
+
+    it 'should quote space characters' do
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline([])).to eq('')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['basic','args'])).to eq('basic args')
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape double-quote characters' do
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['"one','"two"'])).to eq('\\"one \\"two\\"')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['"one "two"'])).to eq('"\\"one \\"two\\""')
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle the weird backslash escaping behaviour in front of quotes' do
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['\\\\"'])).to eq('\\\\\\\\\\"')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['space \\\\'])).to eq('"space \\\\\\\\"')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['"test"', 'test\\"', 'test\\\\"', 'test words\\\\\\\\', 'test words\\\\\\', '\\\\'])).to eq('\"test\" test\\\\\\" test\\\\\\\\\\" "test words\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" "test words\\\\\\\\\\\\" \\\\')
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle empty args' do
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline([''])).to eq('""')
+      expect(described_class.argv_to_commandline(['', ''])).to eq('"" ""')
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell_spec.rb b/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell_spec.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..65ba82578c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/msf/base/sessions/powershell_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+RSpec.describe Msf::Sessions::PowerShell do
+  describe 'to_cmd processing' do
+    it 'should not do anything for simple args' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['abc', '123'])).to eq(".\\test.exe abc 123")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(["C:\\SysinternalsSuite\\procexp.exe"] + [])).to eq("C:\\SysinternalsSuite\\procexp.exe")
+    end
+
+    it 'should double single-quotes' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ["'abc'"])).to eq(".\\test.exe '''abc'''")
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape less than' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ["'abc'", '>', 'out.txt'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '''abc''' '>' out.txt")
+    end
+
+    it 'should escape other special chars' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ["'abc'", '<', '(', ')', '$test', '`words`', 'abc,def'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '''abc''' '<' '(' ')' '$test' '`words`' 'abc,def'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should backslash escape double-quotes' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['"abc'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '\\\"abc'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should correctly backslash escape backslashes and double-quotes' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['\\"abc'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '\\\\\\\"abc'")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['\\\\"abc'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '\\\\\\\\\\\"abc'")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['\\\\"ab\\\\c'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '\\\\\\\\\\\"ab\\\\c'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should quote the executable and add the call operator' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test$.exe"] + ['abc'])).to eq("& '.\\test$.exe' abc")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test'.exe"] + ['abc'])).to eq("& '.\\test''.exe' abc")
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd(["C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\WINWORD.EXE"] + [])).to eq("& 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\WINWORD.EXE'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should not expand environment variables' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['$env:path'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '$env:path'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should not respect PowerShell Magic' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['--%', 'not', '$parsed'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '--%' not '$parsed'")
+    end
+      
+    it 'should not split comma args' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['arg1,notarg2'])).to eq(".\\test.exe 'arg1,notarg2'")
+    end
+
+    it 'should handle empty strings' do
+      expect(described_class.to_cmd([".\\test.exe"] + ['', 'a', '', 'b'])).to eq(".\\test.exe '\"\"' a '\"\"' b")
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spec/support/acceptance/child_process.rb b/spec/support/acceptance/child_process.rb
index cb70f50f30..ee7b4e16ee 100644
--- a/spec/support/acceptance/child_process.rb
+++ b/spec/support/acceptance/child_process.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module Acceptance
     def initialize
       super
 
-      @default_timeout = ENV['CI'] ? 120 : 40
+      @default_timeout = ENV['CI'] ? 480 : 40
       @debug = false
       @env ||= {}
       @cmd ||= []
diff --git a/test/modules/post/test/cmd_exec.rb b/test/modules/post/test/cmd_exec.rb
index 18258fa5cb..b34e25be5e 100644
--- a/test/modules/post/test/cmd_exec.rb
+++ b/test/modules/post/test/cmd_exec.rb
@@ -21,15 +21,42 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
     )
   end
 
-  def upload_show_args_binary
+  def upload_show_args_binary(details)
     print_status 'Uploading precompiled binaries'
-    upload_file(show_args_binary[:path], "data/cmd_exec/#{show_args_binary[:path]}")
+    upload_file(details[:upload_path], "data/cmd_exec/#{details[:path]}")
     unless session.platform.eql?('windows')
-      chmod(show_args_binary[:path])
+      chmod(details[:upload_path])
     end
   end
 
+  def show_args_binary_space
+    result = show_args_binary_base
+    result[:upload_path] = result[:path].gsub('_',' ')
+    result[:cmd] = result[:cmd].gsub('_',' ')
+
+    result
+  end
+
+  def show_args_binary_special
+    result = show_args_binary_base
+    chars = '~!@#$%^&*(){}`\'"<>,.;:=?+|'
+    if session.platform == 'windows'
+      chars = '~!@#$%^&(){}`\',.;=+'
+    end
+    result[:upload_path] = result[:path].gsub('show_args', chars)
+    result[:cmd] = result[:cmd].gsub('show_args', chars)
+
+    result
+  end
+
   def show_args_binary
+    result = show_args_binary_base
+    result[:upload_path] = result[:path]
+
+    result
+  end
+  
+  def show_args_binary_base
     if session.platform == 'linux' || session.platform == 'unix'
       { path: 'show_args_linux', cmd: './show_args_linux' }
     elsif session.platform == 'osx'
@@ -40,9 +67,10 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
       { path: 'show_args.exe', cmd: 'show_args.exe' }
     elsif session.platform == 'windows' && session.arch == 'php'
       { path: 'show_args.exe', cmd: '.\\show_args.exe' }
+    elsif session.platform == 'windows' && session.arch == 'java'
+      { path: 'show_args.exe', cmd: '.\\show_args.exe' }
     elsif session.platform == 'windows'
       { path: 'show_args.exe', cmd: './show_args.exe' }
-      elsif session.type == 'meterpreter' && session.arch == 'java'
     else
       raise "unknown platform #{session.platform}"
     end
@@ -56,7 +84,11 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
 
     # Match the binary name, to support the binary name containing relative or absolute paths, i.e.
     # "show_args.exe\r\none\r\ntwo",
-    match = output_binary.match?(expected[0]) && output_args == expected[1..]
+    if output_binary.nil?
+      vprint_status("#{__method__}: Malformed output: no process binary returned")
+      return false
+    end
+    match = output_binary.include?(expected[0]) && output_args == expected[1..]
     if !match
       vprint_status("#{__method__}: expected: #{expected.inspect} - actual: #{output_lines.inspect}")
     end
@@ -68,7 +100,7 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
     # we are inconsistent reporting windows session types
     windows_strings = ['windows', 'win']
     vprint_status("Starting cmd_exec tests")
-    upload_show_args_binary
+    upload_show_args_binary(show_args_binary)
 
     it "should return the result of echo" do
       test_string = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4)
@@ -82,11 +114,6 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
     end
 
     it 'should execute the show_args binary with a string' do
-      # TODO: Fix this functionality
-      if session.type.eql?('meterpreter') && session.arch.eql?('python')
-        vprint_status("test skipped for Python Meterpreter - functionality not correct")
-        next true
-      end
       output = cmd_exec("#{show_args_binary[:cmd]} one two")
       valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], 'one', 'two'])
     end
@@ -130,12 +157,8 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
     it "should return the result of echo with single quotes" do
       test_string = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4)
       if session.platform.eql? 'windows'
-        if session.arch == ARCH_PYTHON
-          output = cmd_exec("cmd.exe", "/c echo \"#{test_string}\"")
-          output == test_string
-        # TODO: Fix this functionality
-        elsif session.type.eql?('shell') || session.type.eql?('powershell')
-          vprint_status("test skipped for Windows CMD and Powershell - functionality not correct")
+        if session.type.eql?('powershell')
+          vprint_status("test skipped for Powershell - functionality not correct")
           true
         else
           output = cmd_exec("cmd.exe", "/c echo '#{test_string}'")
@@ -150,12 +173,8 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
     it "should return the result of echo with double quotes" do
       test_string = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4)
       if session.platform.eql? 'windows'
-        if session.platform.eql? 'windows' and session.arch == ARCH_PYTHON
-          output = cmd_exec("cmd.exe", "/c echo \"#{test_string}\"")
-          output == test_string
-        # TODO: Fix this functionality
-        elsif session.type.eql?('shell') || session.type.eql?('powershell')
-          vprint_status("test skipped for Windows CMD and Powershell - functionality not correct")
+        if session.type.eql?('powershell')
+          vprint_status("test skipped for Powershell - functionality not correct")
           true
         else
           output = cmd_exec("cmd.exe", "/c echo \"#{test_string}\"")
@@ -189,96 +208,66 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Post
     end
   end
 
-  # TODO: These tests are in preparation for Smashery's create process API
-  # def test_create_process
-  #   upload_show_args_binary
-  #
-  #   test_string = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4)
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept blank strings and return the create_process output' do
-  #     if session.arch.eql?("php")
-  #       # TODO: Fix this functionality
-  #
-  #       vprint_status("test skipped for PHP - functionality not correct")
-  #       true
-  #     end
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: [test_string, '', test_string, '', test_string])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], test_string, '', test_string, '', test_string])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept multiple args and return the create_process output' do
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: [test_string, test_string])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], test_string, test_string])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept spaces and return the create_process output' do
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['with spaces'])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], 'with spaces'])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept environment variables and return the create_process output' do
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['$PATH'])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], '$PATH'])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept environment variables within a string and return the create_process output' do
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ["it's $PATH"])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], "it's $PATH"])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept special characters and return the create_process output' do
-  #     if session.platform.eql? 'windows'
-  #       # TODO: Fix this functionality
-  #       vprint_status('test skipped for Windows - functionality not correct')
-  #       true
-  #     end
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['~!@#$%^&*(){`1234567890[]",.\'<>'])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], '~!@#$%^&*(){`1234567890[]",.\'<>'])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept command line commands and return the create_process output' do
-  #     if session.arch.eql?("php")
-  #       # TODO: Fix this functionality
-  #       vprint_status("test skipped for PHP - functionality not correct")
-  #       true
-  #     end
-  #
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['run&echo'])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], 'run&echo'])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept semicolons to separate multiple command on a single line and return the create_process output' do
-  #     if session.arch.eql?("php")
-  #       # TODO: Fix this functionality
-  #       vprint_status("test skipped for PHP - functionality not correct")
-  #       true
-  #     end
-  #
-  #     output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['run&echo;test'])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:path], 'run&echo;test'])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept spaces in the filename and return the create_process output' do
-  #     if session.platform.eql? 'windows'
-  #       # TODO: Fix this functionality
-  #       vprint_status('test skipped for Windows CMD - functionality not correct')
-  #       true
-  #     end
-  #
-  #     output = create_process('./show_args file', args: [test_string, test_string])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: ['./show_args file', test_string, test_string])
-  #   end
-  #
-  #   it 'should accept special characters in the filename and return the create_process output' do
-  #     if session.platform.eql? 'windows'
-  #       # TODO: Fix this functionality
-  #       vprint_status('test skipped for Windows CMD - functionality not correct')
-  #       true
-  #     end
-  #
-  #     output = create_process('./~!@#$%^&*(){}', args: [test_string, test_string])
-  #     valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: ['./~!@#$%^&*(){}', test_string, test_string])
-  #     end
-  #   end
-  # end
+  def test_create_process
+    upload_show_args_binary(show_args_binary)
+    upload_show_args_binary(show_args_binary_space)
+    upload_show_args_binary(show_args_binary_special)
+  
+    test_string = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4)
+  
+    it 'should accept blank strings and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: [test_string, '', test_string, '', test_string])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], test_string, '', test_string, '', test_string])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept multiple args and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: [test_string, test_string])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], test_string, test_string])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept spaces and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['with spaces'])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], 'with spaces'])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept environment variables and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['$PATH'])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], '$PATH'])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept environment variables within a string and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ["it's $PATH"])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], "it's $PATH"])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should deal with weird windows edge cases' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['"test"', 'test\\"', 'test\\\\"', 'test words\\\\\\\\', 'test words\\\\\\', '\\\\'])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], '"test"', 'test\\"', 'test\\\\"', 'test words\\\\\\\\', 'test words\\\\\\', '\\\\'])
+    end
+
+    it 'should accept special characters and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['~!@#$%^&*(){`1234567890[]",.\'<>\\'])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], '~!@#$%^&*(){`1234567890[]",.\'<>\\'])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept command line commands and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['run&echo'])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], 'run&echo'])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept semicolons to separate multiple command on a single line and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary[:cmd], args: ['run&echo;test'])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary[:upload_path], 'run&echo;test'])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept spaces in the filename and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary_space[:cmd], args: [test_string, test_string])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary_space[:cmd], test_string, test_string])
+    end
+  
+    it 'should accept special characters in the filename and return the create_process output' do
+      output = create_process(show_args_binary_special[:cmd], args: [test_string, test_string])
+      valid_show_args_response?(output, expected: [show_args_binary_special[:cmd], test_string, test_string])
+    end
+  end
 end