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index 25abafbc7b..1116c8da8c 100644
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index c292dedea8..80604241bf 100644
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index f2791ee247..fe27171d3b 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/course-of-action/course-of-action--1cbcceef-3233-4062-aa86-ec91afe39517.json b/ics-attack/course-of-action/course-of-action--1cbcceef-3233-4062-aa86-ec91afe39517.json
index e7855f4baa..b74557da91 100644
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+++ b/ics-attack/ics-attack.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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These values should be evaluated and further enforced through the program logic running on the field controller. If a problematic or invalid input is identified, the programs should either utilize a predetermined safe value or enter a known safe state, while also logging or alerting on the event.(Citation: PLCTop20 Mar 2023)", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 3.5", "IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 3.6", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 3.5", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 3.6", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - SI-10"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--1cbcceef-3233-4062-aa86-ec91afe39517", "created": "2023-03-22T15:49:55.439Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0818", "external_id": "M0818"}, {"source_name": "PLCTop20 Mar 2023", "description": "PLC Security, Top 20 Community. (2021, June 15). Secure PLC Coding Practices: Top 20 version 1.0. 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For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. 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In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 6.2", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 6.2", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - SI-4"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "created": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931", "external_id": "M0931"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-09-20T13:11:12.773Z", "name": "Restrict Registry Permissions", "description": "Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 2.1", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 2.1", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - AC-6"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--3222a807-521b-4a1a-aa13-f1cda45734b3", "created": "2019-06-06T20:58:59.577Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0924", "external_id": "M0924"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-30T20:55:14.442Z", "name": "Data Loss Prevention", "description": "Data Loss Prevention (DLP) technologies can be used to help identify adversarial attempts to exfiltrate operational information, such as engineering plans, trade secrets, recipes, intellectual property, or process telemetry. DLP functionality may be built into other security products such as firewalls or standalone suites running on the network and host-based agents. DLP may be configured to prevent the transfer of information through corporate resources such as email, web, and physical media such as USB for host-based solutions.", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 4.1", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 4.1"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--337c4e2a-21a7-4d9a-bfee-9efd6cebf0e5", "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0803", "external_id": "M0803"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-09-19T21:30:56.250Z", "name": "Access Management", "description": "Access Management technologies can be used to enforce authorization polices and decisions, especially when existing field devices do not provided sufficient capabilities to support user identification and authentication. (Citation: McCarthy, J et al. July 2018) These technologies typically utilize an in-line network device or gateway system to prevent access to unauthenticated users, while also integrating with an authentication service to first verify user credentials. 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Therefore, associated ATT&CK mitigations should be considered in addition to this, including [Multi-factor Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0932), [Account Use Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0936), [Password Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927), [User Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918), [Privileged Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0926), and [User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1052).", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 1.1", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 1.1", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - IA-2"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0804", "external_id": "M0804"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2022-10-24T15:09:07.609Z", "name": "SSL/TLS Inspection", "description": "Break and inspect SSL/TLS sessions to look at encrypted web traffic for adversary activity.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--6a02e38a-9629-40c0-8c7d-e98e3470315c", "created": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0920", "external_id": "M0920"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-09-19T21:39:41.056Z", "name": "Code Signing", "description": "Enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing.", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 3.4", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 3.4", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - SI-7"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--71eb7dad-07eb-4bbc-9df0-ac57bf2fba4a", "created": "2019-06-11T17:01:25.405Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0945", "external_id": "M0945"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-09-20T13:12:24.527Z", "name": "Software Process and Device Authentication", "description": "Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. 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(Citation: CISA March 2010) To minimize this threat, organizations should implement measures to detect, understand, and reduce unnecessary RF propagation. 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[EKANS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605) has used a hard-coded kill-list of processes, including some associated with common ICS software platforms (e.g., GE Proficy, Honeywell HMIWeb, etc), similar to those defined in [MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576).(Citation: Dragos EKANS)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANS)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "x_mitre_aliases": ["EKANS", "SNAKEHOSE"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--00e7d565-9883-4ee5-b642-8fd17fd6a3f5", "created": "2021-02-12T20:07:42.883Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605", "external_id": "S0605"}, {"source_name": "EKANS", "description": "(Citation: Dragos EKANS)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANS)(Citation: FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020)"}, {"source_name": "SNAKEHOSE", "description": "(Citation: FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020)"}, {"source_name": "Dragos EKANS", "description": "Dragos. 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[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) was distributed via supply chain compromise, and included specialized modules to enumerate and map ICS-specific systems, processes, and protocols.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "x_mitre_aliases": ["Backdoor.Oldrea", "Havex"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093", "external_id": "S0093"}, {"source_name": "Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021", "description": "Slowik, J. (2021, October). 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[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) is a large and complex piece of malware that utilized multiple different behaviors including multiple zero-day vulnerabilities, a sophisticated Windows rootkit, and network infection routines.(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)(Citation: CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-10-272-01)(Citation: ESET Stuxnet Under the Microscope)(Citation: Langer Stuxnet) [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) was discovered in 2010, with some components being used as early as November 2008.(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) ", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.4", "x_mitre_aliases": ["Stuxnet", "W32.Stuxnet"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "created": "2020-12-14T17:34:58.457Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603", "external_id": "S0603"}, {"source_name": "W32.Stuxnet", "description": "(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) "}, {"source_name": "CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-10-272-01", "description": "CISA. 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[VPNFilter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1010) modules such as its packet sniffer ('ps') can collect traffic that passes through an infected device, allowing the theft of website credentials and monitoring of Modbus SCADA protocols. 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[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496), which as been used against organizations in the manufacturing, transportation, and electric sectors, is highly configurable and shares code similarities with the GandCrab RaaS.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware May 2020)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "2.2", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Edward Millington"], "x_mitre_aliases": ["REvil", "Sodin", "Sodinokibi"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5", "created": "2020-08-04T15:06:14.796Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496", "external_id": "S0496"}, {"source_name": "Sodin", "description": "(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)"}, {"source_name": "Sodinokibi", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: McAfee REvil October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)"}, {"source_name": "Talos Sodinokibi April 2019", "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). 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Retrieved August 5, 2020.", "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-crescendo/"}, {"source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019", "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection"}, {"source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020", "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. 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As of September 2022, some security researchers assessed [INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) was developed by CHERNOVITE.(Citation: CISA-AA22-103A)(Citation: Brubaker-Incontroller)(Citation: Dragos-Pipedream)(Citation: Schneider-Incontroller)(Citation: Wylie-22) ", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Engineering Workstation", "Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Jimmy Wylie, Dragos, Inc."], "x_mitre_aliases": ["INCONTROLLER", "PIPEDREAM"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "created": "2022-09-28T20:07:40.272Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045", "external_id": "S1045"}, {"source_name": "PIPEDREAM", "description": "(Citation: Dragos-Pipedream)(Citation: Wylie-22)"}, {"source_name": "CISA-AA22-103A", "description": "DHS/CISA. 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It was first observed as a component of [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) malware during cyber attacks against Ukraine in 2015. [KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) has since evolved into stand-alone malware used by a variety of threat actors against additional targets in Europe and Latin America; in 2016 a ransomware component was also incorporated into some [KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) variants.(Citation: KillDisk Ransomware)(Citation: ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 1)(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 2)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Linux", "Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_aliases": ["KillDisk", "Win32/KillDisk.NBI", "Win32/KillDisk.NBH", "Win32/KillDisk.NBD", "Win32/KillDisk.NBC", "Win32/KillDisk.NBB"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--e221eb77-1502-4129-af1d-fe1ad55e7ec6", "created": "2021-01-20T18:05:07.059Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607", "external_id": "S0607"}, {"source_name": "KillDisk Ransomware", "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2016, December 29). KillDisk Disk-Wiping Malware Adds Ransomware Component. Retrieved January 12, 2021.", "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/killdisk-disk-wiping-malware-adds-ransomware-component/"}, {"source_name": "ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016", "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/"}, {"source_name": "Trend Micro KillDisk 1", "description": "Fernando Merces, Byron Gelera, Martin Co. (2018, June 7). KillDisk Variant Hits Latin American Finance Industry. 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Retrieved January 12, 2021.", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/a/new-killdisk-variant-hits-financial-organizations-in-latin-america.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "labels": ["malware"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2024-04-11T16:06:34.700Z", "name": "Industroyer", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) is a sophisticated malware framework designed to cause an impact to the working processes of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically components used in electrical substations.(Citation: ESET Industroyer) [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) was used in the attacks on the Ukrainian power grid in December 2016.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017) This is the first publicly known malware specifically designed to target and impact operations in the electric grid.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Dragos Threat Intelligence", "Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_aliases": ["Industroyer", "CRASHOVERRIDE", "Win32/Industroyer"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", "created": "2021-01-04T20:42:21.997Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604", "external_id": "S0604"}, {"source_name": "CRASHOVERRIDE", "description": "(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017)"}, {"source_name": "Win32/Industroyer", "description": "(Citation: ESET Industroyer)"}, {"source_name": "ESET Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2017", "description": "Dragos Inc.. (2017, June 13). CRASHOVERRIDE Analysis of the Threat to Electric Grid Operations. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "labels": ["malware"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2022-10-12T17:51:18.408Z", "name": "Flame", "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) is a sophisticated toolkit that has been used to collect information since at least 2010, largely targeting Middle East countries. (Citation: Kaspersky Flame)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_aliases": ["Flame", "Flamer", "sKyWIper"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:21.973Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143", "external_id": "S0143"}, {"source_name": "Flame", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)"}, {"source_name": "sKyWIper", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Crysys Skywiper)"}, {"source_name": "Flamer", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Symantec Beetlejuice)"}, {"source_name": "Kaspersky Flame", "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. 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Retrieved February 25, 2017.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/flamer-recipe-bluetoothache"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "labels": ["malware"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:12:52.701Z", "name": "Inhibit Response Function", "description": "The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.\n\nInhibit Response Function consists of techniques that adversaries use to hinder the safeguards put in place for processes and products. This may involve the inhibition of safety, protection, quality assurance, or operator intervention functions to disrupt safeguards that aim to prevent the loss of life, destruction of equipment, and disruption of production. These techniques aim to actively deter and prevent expected alarms and responses that arise due to statuses in the ICS environment. Adversaries may modify or update system logic, or even outright prevent responses with a denial-of-service. They may result in the prevention, destruction, manipulation, or modification of programs, logic, devices, and communications. As prevention functions are generally dormant, reporting and processing functions can appear fine, but may have been altered to prevent failure responses in dangerous scenarios. Unlike [Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0103), Inhibit Response Function techniques may be more intrusive, such as actively preventing responses to a known dangerous scenario. Adversaries may use these techniques to follow through with or provide cover for [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105) techniques.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "inhibit-response-function", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--298fe907-7931-4fd2-8131-2814dd493134", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0107", "external_id": "TA0107"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2022-09-29T21:38:48.906Z", "name": "Privilege Escalation", "description": "The adversary is trying to gain higher-level permissions.\n\nPrivilege Escalation consists of techniques that adversaries use to gain higher-level permissions on a system or network. Adversaries can often enter and explore a network with unprivileged access but require elevated permissions to follow through on their objectives. Common approaches are to take advantage of system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "privilege-escalation", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--33752ae7-f875-4f43-bdb6-d8d02d341046", "created": "2021-04-10T17:32:33.899Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0111", "external_id": "TA0111"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:09:46.867Z", "name": "Lateral Movement", "description": "The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.\n\nLateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. These techniques abuse default credentials, known accounts, and vulnerable services, and may also leverage dual-homed devices and systems that reside on both the IT and OT networks. The adversary uses these techniques to pivot to their next point in the environment, positioning themselves to where they want to be or think they should be. Following through on their primary objective often requires [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102) of the network and [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0100) to develop awareness of unique ICS devices and processes, in order to find their target and subsequently gain access to it. Reaching this objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems, devices, and accounts. Adversaries may install their own remote tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or leverage default tools, programs, and manufacturer set or other legitimate credentials native to the network, which may be stealthier.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "lateral-movement", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--51c25a9e-8615-40c0-8afd-1da578847924", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0109", "external_id": "TA0109"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Discovery", "description": "The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.\n\nDiscovery consists of techniques that adversaries use to survey your ICS environment and gain knowledge about the internal network, control system devices, and how their processes interact. These techniques help adversaries observe the environment and determine next steps for target selection and Lateral Movement. They also allow adversaries to explore what they can control and gain insight on interactions between various control system processes. Discovery techniques are often an act of progression into the environment which enable the adversary to orient themselves before deciding how to act. Adversaries may use Discovery techniques that result in Collection, to help determine how available resources benefit their current objective. A combination of native device communications and functions, and custom tools are often used toward this post-compromise information-gathering objective.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "discovery", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--696af733-728e-49d7-8261-75fdc590f453", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102", "external_id": "TA0102"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Initial Access", "description": "The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.\n\nInitial Access consists of techniques that adversaries may use as entry vectors to gain an initial foothold within an ICS environment. These techniques include compromising operational technology assets, IT resources in the OT network, and external remote services and websites. They may also target third party entities and users with privileged access. In particular, these initial access footholds may include devices and communication mechanisms with access to and privileges in both the IT and OT environments. IT resources in the OT environment are also potentially vulnerable to the same attacks as enterprise IT systems. Trusted third parties of concern may include vendors, maintenance personnel, engineers, external integrators, and other outside entities involved in expected ICS operations. Vendor maintained assets may include physical devices, software, and operational equipment. Initial access techniques may also leverage outside devices, such as radios, controllers, or removable media, to remotely interfere with and possibly infect OT operations.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "initial-access", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--69da72d2-f550-41c5-ab9e-e8255707f28a", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0108", "external_id": "TA0108"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:22:09.571Z", "name": "Impact", "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your ICS systems, data, and their surrounding environment.\n\nImpact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt, compromise, destroy, and manipulate the integrity and availability of control system operations, processes, devices, and data. These techniques encompass the influence and effects resulting from adversarial efforts to attack the ICS environment or that tangentially impact it. Impact techniques can result in more instantaneous disruption to control processes and the operator, or may result in more long term damage or loss to the ICS environment and related operations. The adversary may leverage [Impair Process Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0106) techniques, which often manifest in more self-revealing impacts on operations, or [Impair Process Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0106) techniques to hinder safeguards and alarms in order to follow through with and provide cover for Impact. In some scenarios, control system processes can appear to function as expected, but may have been altered to benefit the adversary\u2019s goal over the course of a longer duration. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.\n\n[Loss of Productivity and Revenue](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0828), [Theft of Operational Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0882), and [Damage to Property](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0879) are meant to encompass some of the more granular goals of adversaries in targeted and untargeted attacks. These techniques in and of themselves are not necessarily detectable, but the associated adversary behavior can potentially be mitigated and/or detected.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "impact", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--77542f83-70d0-40c2-8a9d-ad2eb8b00279", "created": "2019-03-14T18:44:44.639Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105", "external_id": "TA0105"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Persistence", "description": "The adversary is trying to maintain their foothold in your ICS environment.\n\nPersistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to maintain access to ICS systems and devices across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that allow them to secure their ongoing activity and keep their foothold on systems. This may include replacing or hijacking legitimate code, firmware, and other project files, or adding startup code and downloading programs onto devices.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "persistence", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--78f1d2ae-a579-44c4-8fc5-3e1775c73fac", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0110", "external_id": "TA0110"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:19:16.160Z", "name": "Execution", "description": "The adversary is trying to run code or manipulate system functions, parameters, and data in an unauthorized way.\n\nExecution consists of techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote system, device, or other asset. This execution may also rely on unknowing end users or the manipulation of device operating modes to run. Adversaries may infect remote targets with programmed executables or malicious project files that operate according to specified behavior and may alter expected device behavior in subtle ways. Commands for execution may also be issued from command-line interfaces, APIs, GUIs, or other available interfaces. Techniques that run malicious code may also be paired with techniques from other tactics, particularly to aid network [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102) and [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0100), impact operations, and inhibit response functions.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "execution", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--93bf9a8e-b14c-4587-b6d5-9efc7c12eb45", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0104", "external_id": "TA0104"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Command and Control", "description": "The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.\n\nCommand and Control consists of techniques that adversaries use to communicate with and send commands to compromised systems, devices, controllers, and platforms with specialized applications used in ICS environments. Examples of these specialized communication devices include human machine interfaces (HMIs), data historians, SCADA servers, and engineering workstations (EWS). Adversaries often seek to use commonly available resources and mimic expected network traffic to avoid detection and suspicion. For instance, commonly used ports and protocols in ICS environments, and even expected IT resources, depending on the target network. Command and Control may be established to varying degrees of stealth, often depending on the victim\u2019s network structure and defenses.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "command-and-control", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--97c8ff73-bd14-4b6c-ac32-3d91d2c41e3f", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0101", "external_id": "TA0101"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:18:50.880Z", "name": "Collection", "description": "The adversary is trying to gather data of interest and domain knowledge on your ICS environment to inform their goal.\n\nCollection consists of techniques adversaries use to gather domain knowledge and obtain contextual feedback in an ICS environment. This tactic is often performed as part of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102), to compile data on control systems and targets of interest that may be used to follow through on the adversary\u2019s objective. Examples of these techniques include observing operation states, capturing screenshots, identifying unique device roles, and gathering system and diagram schematics. Collection of this data can play a key role in planning, executing, and even revising an ICS-targeted attack. Methods of collection depend on the categories of data being targeted, which can include protocol specific, device specific, and process specific configurations and functionality. Information collected may pertain to a combination of system, supervisory, device, and network related data, which conceptually fall under high, medium, and low levels of plan operations. For example, information repositories on plant data at a high level or device specific programs at a low level. Sensitive floor plans, vendor device manuals, and other references may also be at risk and exposed on the internet or otherwise publicly accessible.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "collection", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--b2a67b1e-913c-46f6-b219-048a90560bb9", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0100", "external_id": "TA0100"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Evasion", "description": "The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses.\n\nEvasion consists of techniques that adversaries use to avoid technical defenses throughout their campaign. Techniques used for evasion include removal of indicators of compromise, spoofing communications, and exploiting software vulnerabilities. Adversaries may also leverage and abuse trusted devices and processes to hide their activity, possibly by masquerading as master devices or native software. Methods of defense evasion for this purpose are often more passive in nature.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "evasion", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ddf70682-f3ce-479c-a9a4-7eadf9bfead7", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0103", "external_id": "TA0103"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:15:17.020Z", "name": "Impair Process Control", "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.\n\nImpair Process Control consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt control logic and cause determinantal effects to processes being controlled in the target environment. Targets of interest may include active procedures or parameters that manipulate the physical environment. These techniques can also include prevention or manipulation of reporting elements and control logic. If an adversary has modified process functionality, then they may also obfuscate the results, which are often self-revealing in their impact on the outcome of a product or the environment. The direct physical control these techniques exert may also threaten the safety of operators and downstream users, which can prompt response mechanisms. Adversaries may follow up with or use [Inhibit Response Function](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0107) techniques in tandem, to assist with the successful abuse of control processes to result in [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105).", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "impair-process-control", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ff048b6c-b872-4218-b68c-3735ebd1f024", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0106", "external_id": "TA0106"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.380Z", "name": "Block Command Message", "description": "Adversaries may block a command message from reaching its intended target to prevent command execution. In OT networks, command messages are sent to provide instructions to control system devices. A blocked command message can inhibit response functions from correcting a disruption or unsafe condition. (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)  (Citation: Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Termination", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0803", "external_id": "T0803"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016", "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems 2016, March 18 Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case Retrieved. 2018/03/27 ", "url": "https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt36c2e63521272fdc/blt6a77276749b76a40/607f235992f0063e5c070fff/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5%5b73%5d.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.586Z", "name": "Service Stop", "description": "Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK)  Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Modification", "Command: Command Execution", "Process: OS API Execution", "Process: Process Termination", "Service: Service Metadata", "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881", "external_id": "T0881"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK Enterprise ATT&CK   Service Stop Retrieved. 2019/10/29  Service Stop Retrieved. 2019/10/29 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.786Z", "name": "Modify Parameter", "description": "Adversaries may modify parameters used to instruct industrial control system devices. These devices operate via programs that dictate how and when to perform actions based on such parameters. Such parameters can determine the extent to which an action is performed and may specify additional options. For example, a program on a control system device dictating motor processes may take a parameter defining the total number of seconds to run that motor.      \n\nAn adversary can potentially modify these parameters to produce an outcome outside of what was intended by the operators. By modifying system and process critical parameters, the adversary may cause [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105) to equipment and/or control processes. Modified parameters may be turned into dangerous, out-of-bounds, or unexpected values from typical operations. For example, specifying that a process run for more or less time than it should, or dictating an unusually high, low, or invalid value as a parameter.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.3", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Asset: Asset Inventory", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0836", "external_id": "T0836"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.991Z", "name": "Modify Controller Tasking", "description": "Adversaries may modify the tasking of a controller to allow for the execution of their own programs. This can allow an adversary to manipulate the execution flow and behavior of a controller. \n\nAccording to 61131-3, the association of a Task with a Program Organization Unit (POU) defines a task association. (Citation: IEC February 2013) An adversary may modify these associations or create new ones to manipulate the execution flow of a controller. Modification of controller tasking can be accomplished using a Program Download in addition to other types of program modification such as online edit and program append.\n\nTasks have properties, such as interval, frequency and priority to meet the requirements of program execution. Some controller vendors implement tasks with implicit, pre-defined properties whereas others allow for these properties to be formulated explicitly. An adversary may associate their program with tasks that have a higher priority or execute associated programs more frequently. For instance, to ensure cyclic execution of their program on a Siemens controller, an adversary may add their program to the task, Organization Block 1 (OB1).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Asset: Software"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--09a61657-46e1-439e-b3ed-3e4556a78243", "created": "2021-04-13T11:15:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0821", "external_id": "T0821"}, {"source_name": "IEC February 2013", "description": "IEC 2013, February 20 IEC 61131-3:2013  Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4552"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.193Z", "name": "Wireless Sniffing", "description": "Adversaries may seek to capture radio frequency (RF) communication used for remote control and reporting in distributed environments. RF communication frequencies vary between 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although are commonly between 300 MHz to 6 GHz. (Citation: Candell, R., Hany, M., Lee, K. B., Liu,Y., Quimby, J., Remley, K. April 2018)  The wavelength and frequency of the signal affect how the signal propagates through open air, obstacles (e.g. walls and trees) and the type of radio required to capture them. These characteristics are often standardized in the protocol and hardware and may have an effect on how the signal is captured. Some examples of wireless protocols that may be found in cyber-physical environments are: WirelessHART, Zigbee, WIA-FA, and 700 MHz Public Safety Spectrum. \n\nAdversaries may capture RF communications by using specialized hardware, such as software defined radio (SDR), handheld radio, or a computer with radio demodulator tuned to the communication frequency. (Citation: Bastille April 2017) Information transmitted over a wireless medium may be captured in-transit whether the sniffing device is the intended destination or not. This technique may be particularly useful to an adversary when the communications are not encrypted. (Citation: Gallagher, S. April 2017) \n\nIn the 2017 Dallas Siren incident, it is suspected that adversaries likely captured wireless command message broadcasts on a 700 MHz frequency during a regular test of the system. These messages were later replayed to trigger the alarm systems. (Citation: Gallagher, S. April 2017)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["ICSCoE Japan"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--0fe075d5-beac-4d02-b93e-0f874997db72", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0887", "external_id": "T0887"}, {"source_name": "Bastille April 2017", "description": "Bastille 2017, April 17 Dallas Siren Attack Retrieved. 2020/11/06 ", "url": "https://www.bastille.net/blogs/2017/4/17/dallas-siren-attack"}, {"source_name": "Candell, R., Hany, M., Lee, K. B., Liu,Y., Quimby, J., Remley, K. April 2018", "description": "Candell, R., Hany, M., Lee, K. B., Liu,Y., Quimby, J., Remley, K. 2018, April Guide to Industrial Wireless Systems Deployments Retrieved. 2020/12/01 ", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ams/NIST.AMS.300-4.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Gallagher, S. April 2017", "description": "Gallagher, S. 2017, April 12 Pirate radio: Signal spoof set off Dallas emergency sirens, not network hack Retrieved. 2020/12/01 ", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/dallas-siren-hack-used-radio-signals-to-spoof-alarm-says-city-manager/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.396Z", "name": "Loss of View", "description": "Adversaries may cause a sustained or permanent loss of view where the ICS equipment will require local, hands-on operator intervention; for instance, a restart or manual operation. By causing a sustained reporting or visibility loss, the adversary can effectively hide the present state of operations. This loss of view can occur without affecting the physical processes themselves. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0829", "external_id": "T0829"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee", "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297"}, {"source_name": "Tyson Macaulay", "description": "Tyson Macaulay Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.593Z", "name": "Activate Firmware Update Mode", "description": "Adversaries may activate firmware update mode on devices to prevent expected response functions from engaging in reaction to an emergency or process malfunction. For example, devices such as protection relays may have an operation mode designed for firmware installation. This mode may halt process monitoring and related functions to allow new firmware to be loaded. A device left in update mode may be placed in an inactive holding state if no firmware is provided to it. By entering and leaving a device in this mode, the adversary may deny its usual functionalities.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0800", "external_id": "T0800"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.793Z", "name": "Manipulation of Control", "description": "Adversaries may manipulate physical process control within the industrial environment. Methods of manipulating control can include changes to set point values, tags, or other parameters. Adversaries may manipulate control systems devices or possibly leverage their own, to communicate with and command physical control processes. The duration of manipulation may be temporary or longer sustained, depending on operator detection.   \n\nMethods of Manipulation of Control include: \n\n* Man-in-the-middle  \n* Spoof command message \n* Changing setpoints  \n\nA Polish student used a remote controller device to interface with the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: John Bill May 2017) (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008) Using this remote, the student was able to capture and replay legitimate tram signals. As a consequence, four trams were derailed and twelve people injured due to resulting emergency stops. (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) The track controlling commands issued may have also resulted in tram collisions, a further risk to those on board and nearby the areas of impact. (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0831", "external_id": "T0831"}, {"source_name": "Bruce Schneier January 2008", "description": "Bruce Schneier 2008, January 17 Hacking Polish Trams Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking_the_pol.html"}, {"source_name": "John Bill May 2017", "description": "John Bill 2017, May 12 Hacked Cyber Security Railways Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/"}, {"source_name": "Shelley Smith February 2008", "description": "Shelley Smith 2008, February 12 Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen_hacker_in_poland_plays_tr/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.992Z", "name": "Denial of Service", "description": "Adversaries may perform Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks to disrupt expected device functionality. Examples of DoS attacks include overwhelming the target device with a high volume of requests in a short time period and sending the target device a request it does not know how to handle. Disrupting device state may temporarily render it unresponsive, possibly lasting until a reboot can occur. When placed in this state, devices may be unable to send and receive requests, and may not perform expected response functions in reaction to other events in the environment. \n\nSome ICS devices are particularly sensitive to DoS events, and may become unresponsive in reaction to even a simple ping sweep. Adversaries may also attempt to execute a Permanent Denial-of-Service (PDoS) against certain devices, such as in the case of the BrickerBot malware. (Citation: ICS-CERT April 2017) \n\nAdversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to cause a denial of service by taking advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Vulnerabilities may exist in software that can be used to cause a denial of service condition. \n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge about industrial protocols or control devices used in the environment through [Remote System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888). There are examples of adversaries remotely causing a [Device Restart/Shutdown](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0816) by exploiting a vulnerability that induces uncontrolled resource consumption. (Citation: ICS-CERT August 2018) (Citation: Common Weakness Enumeration January 2019) (Citation: MITRE March 2018) ", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0814", "external_id": "T0814"}, {"source_name": "Common Weakness Enumeration January 2019", "description": "Common Weakness Enumeration 2019, January 03 CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption Retrieved. 2019/03/14 ", "url": "http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT April 2017", "description": "ICS-CERT 2017, April 18 CS Alert (ICS-ALERT-17-102-01A) BrickerBot Permanent Denial-of-Service Attack Retrieved. 2019/10/24 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-17-102-01A"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT August 2018", "description": "ICS-CERT 2018, August 27 Advisory (ICSA-15-202-01) - Siemens SIPROTEC Denial-of-Service Vulnerability Retrieved. 2019/03/14 ", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-202-01"}, {"source_name": "MITRE March 2018", "description": "MITRE 2018, March 22 CVE-2015-5374 Retrieved. 2019/03/14 ", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5374"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:00.184Z", "name": "Block Serial COM", "description": "Adversaries may block access to serial COM to prevent instructions or configurations from reaching target devices. Serial Communication ports (COM) allow communication with control system devices. Devices can receive command and configuration messages over such serial COM. Devices also use serial COM to send command and reporting messages. Blocking device serial COM may also block command messages and block reporting messages. \n\nA serial to Ethernet converter is often connected to a serial COM to facilitate communication between serial and Ethernet devices. One approach to blocking a serial COM would be to create and hold open a TCP session with the Ethernet side of the converter. A serial to Ethernet converter may have a few ports open to facilitate multiple communications. For example, if there are three serial COM available -- 1, 2 and 3 --, the converter might be listening on the corresponding ports 20001, 20002, and 20003. If a TCP/IP connection is opened with one of these ports and held open, then the port will be unavailable for use by another party. One way the adversary could achieve this would be to initiate a TCP session with the serial to Ethernet converter at 10.0.0.1 via Telnet on serial port 1 with the following command: telnet 10.0.0.1 20001.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Process: Process Termination"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0805", "external_id": "T0805"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2024-04-08T18:57:58.010Z", "name": "System Binary Proxy Execution", "description": "Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already native in the operating system. (Citation: LOLBAS Project) Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can typically execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files or commands. Similarly, on Linux systems adversaries may abuse trusted binaries such as split to proxy execution of malicious commands. (Citation: split man page)(Citation: GTFO split)\n\nAdversaries may abuse application binaries installed on a system for proxy execution of malicious code or domain-specific commands. These commands could be used to target local resources on the device or networked devices within the environment through defined APIs ([Execution through API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0871)) or application-specific programming languages (e.g., MicroSCADA SCIL). Application binaries may be signed by the developer or generally trusted by the operators, analysts, and monitoring tools accustomed to the environment. These applications may be developed and/or directly provided by the device vendor to enable configuration, management, and operation of their devices without many alternatives. \n\nAdversaries may seek to target these trusted application binaries to execute or send commands without the development of custom malware. For example, adversaries may target a SCADA server binary which has the existing ability to send commands to substation devices, such as through IEC 104 command messages. Proxy execution may still require the development of custom tools to hook into the application binary\u2019s execution.\n\n", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Script: Script Execution", "Command: Command Execution", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1c5cf58c-a34a-40d7-82f4-f987cdfc2b91", "created": "2024-03-25T20:16:15.016Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0894", "external_id": "T0894"}, {"source_name": "GTFO split", "description": "GTFOBins. (2020, November 13). split. Retrieved April 18, 2022.", "url": "https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/split/"}, {"source_name": "LOLBAS Project", "description": "Oddvar Moe et al. (2022, February).  Living Off The Land Binaries, Scripts and Libraries. Retrieved March 7, 2022.", "url": "https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS#criteria"}, {"source_name": "split man page", "description": "Torbjorn Granlund, Richard M. Stallman. (2020, March null). split(1) \u2014 Linux manual page. Retrieved March 25, 2022.", "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/split.1.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Role Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform role identification of devices involved with physical processes of interest in a target control system. Control systems devices often work in concert to control a physical process. Each device can have one or more roles that it performs within that control process. By collecting this role-based data, an adversary can construct a more targeted attack.\n\nFor example, a power generation plant may have unique devices such as one that monitors power output of a generator and another that controls the speed of a turbine. Examining devices roles allows the adversary to observe how the two devices work together to monitor and control a physical process. Understanding the role of a target device can inform the adversary's decision on what action to take, in order to cause Impact and influence or disrupt the integrity of operations. Furthermore, an adversary may be able to capture control system protocol traffic. By studying this traffic, the adversary may be able to determine which devices are outstations, and which are masters. Understanding of master devices and their role within control processes can enable the use of Rogue Master Device", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--23270e54-1d68-4c3b-b763-b25607bcef80", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0850", "external_id": "T0850"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:00.378Z", "name": "Command-Line Interface", "description": "Adversaries may utilize command-line interfaces (CLIs) to interact with systems and execute commands. CLIs provide a means of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many types of platforms and devices within control systems environments. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018) Adversaries may also use CLIs to install and run new software, including malicious tools that may be installed over the course of an operation.\n\nCLIs are typically accessed locally, but can also be exposed via services, such as SSH, Telnet, and RDP.  Commands that are executed in the CLI execute with the current permissions level of the process running the terminal emulator, unless the command specifies a change in permissions context. 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Points may be values such as inputs, memory locations, outputs or other process specific variables. (Citation: Dennis L. Sloatman September 2016) Tags are the identifiers given to points for operator convenience. \n\nCollecting such tags provides valuable context to environmental points and enables an adversary to map inputs, outputs, and other values to their control processes. 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These functionalities can be executed using interactive device web interfaces, CLIs, and network protocol commands.\n\nUnexpected restart or shutdown of control system devices may prevent expected response functions happening during critical states.\n\nA device restart can also be a sign of malicious device modifications, as many updates require a shutdown in order to take effect.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0816", "external_id": "T0816"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:00.969Z", "name": "User Execution", "description": "Adversaries may rely on a targeted organizations user interaction for the execution of malicious code. User interaction may consist of installing applications, opening email attachments, or granting higher permissions to documents. \n\nAdversaries may embed malicious code or visual basic code into files such as Microsoft Word and Excel documents or software installers. (Citation: Booz Allen Hamilton) Execution of this code requires that the user enable scripting or write access within the document. Embedded code may not always be noticeable to the user especially in cases of trojanized software. (Citation: Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen June 2014) \n\nA Chinese spearphishing campaign running from December 9, 2011 through February 29, 2012 delivered malware through spearphishing attachments which required user action to achieve execution. 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Access to a wireless network may be gained through the compromise of a wireless device. (Citation: Alexander Bolshev, Gleb Cherbov July 2014) (Citation: Alexander Bolshev March 2014) Adversaries may also utilize radios and other wireless communication devices on the same frequency as the wireless network. Wireless compromise can be done as an initial access vector from a remote distance. \n\nA Polish student used a modified TV remote controller to gain access to and control over the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: John Bill May 2017) (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) The remote controller device allowed the student to interface with the trams network to modify track settings and override operator control. The adversary may have accomplished this by aligning the controller to the frequency and amplitude of IR control protocol signals. (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008) The controller then enabled initial access to the network, allowing the capture and replay of tram signals. 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Programmable controllers typically have several modes of operation that control the state of the user program and control access to the controllers API. Operating modes can be physically selected using a key switch on the face of the controller but may also be selected with calls to the controllers API. Operating modes and the mechanisms by which they are selected often vary by vendor and product line. Some commonly implemented operating modes are described below:  \n\n* Program - This mode must be enabled before changes can be made to a devices program. This allows program uploads and downloads between the device and an engineering workstation. Often the PLCs logic Is halted, and all outputs may be forced off. (Citation: N.A. October 2017)  \n* Run - Execution of the devices program occurs in this mode. Input and output (values, points, tags, elements, etc.) are monitored and used according to the programs logic. [Program Upload](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0845) and [Program Download](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843) are disabled while in this mode. (Citation: Omron) (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)  (Citation: N.A. October 2017) (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)   \n* Remote - Allows for remote changes to a PLCs operation mode. (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)    \n* Stop - The PLC and program is stopped, while in this mode, outputs are forced off. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Reset - Conditions on the PLC are reset to their original states. Warm resets may retain some memory while cold resets will reset all I/O and data registers. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Test / Monitor mode - Similar to run mode, I/O is processed, although this mode allows for monitoring, force set, resets, and more generally tuning or debugging of the system. Often monitor mode may be used as a trial for initialization. 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October 2017", "description": "N.A. 2017, October What are the different operating modes in PLC? Retrieved. 2021/01/28 ", "url": "https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-different-operating-modes-in-plc/2489"}, {"source_name": "Omron", "description": "Omron Machine Information Systems 2007 How PLCs Work Retrieved. 2021/01/28  PLC Different Operating Modes Retrieved. 2021/01/28 ", "url": "https://www.omron-ap.com/service_support/FAQ/FAQ00002/index.asp#:~:text=In%20PROGRAM%20mode%2C%20the%20CPU,can%20be%20created%20or%20modified."}, {"source_name": "PLCgurus 2021", "description": "PLCgurus 2021 PLC Basics  Modes Of Operation Retrieved. 2021/01/28 ", "url": "https://www.plcgurus.net/plc-basics/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:01.578Z", "name": "Alarm Suppression", "description": "Adversaries may target protection function alarms to prevent them from notifying operators of critical conditions. Alarm messages may be a part of an overall reporting system and of particular interest for adversaries. Disruption of the alarm system does not imply the disruption of the reporting system as a whole.\n\nA Secura presentation on targeting OT notes a dual fold goal for adversaries attempting alarm suppression: prevent outgoing alarms from being raised and prevent incoming alarms from being responded to. (Citation: Jos Wetzels, Marina Krotofil 2019) The method of suppression may greatly depend on the type of alarm in question:  \n\n* An alarm raised by a protocol message \n* An alarm signaled with I/O \n* An alarm bit set in a flag (and read) \n\nIn ICS environments, the adversary may have to suppress or contend with multiple alarms and/or alarm propagation to achieve a specific goal to evade detection or prevent intended responses from occurring. 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Operating modes dictate what change or maintenance functions can be manipulated and are often controlled by a key switch on the PLC (e.g.,  run, prog [program], and remote). Knowledge of these states may be valuable to an adversary to determine if they are able to reprogram the PLC. Operating modes and the mechanisms by which they are selected often vary by vendor and product line. Some commonly implemented operating modes are described below:  \n\n* Program - This mode must be enabled before changes can be made to a devices program. This allows program uploads and downloads between the device and an engineering workstation. Often the PLCs logic Is halted, and all outputs may be forced off. (Citation: N.A. October 2017)  \n* Run - Execution of the devices program occurs in this mode. Input and output (values, points, tags, elements, etc.) are monitored and used according to the programs logic.[Program Upload](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0845) and [Program Download](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843) are disabled while in this mode. (Citation: Omron) (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)  (Citation: N.A. October 2017) (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)   \n* Remote - Allows for remote changes to a PLCs operation mode. (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)    \n* Stop - The PLC and program is stopped, while in this mode, outputs are forced off. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Reset - Conditions on the PLC are reset to their original states. Warm resets may retain some memory while cold resets will reset all I/O and data registers. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Test / Monitor mode - Similar to run mode, I/O is processed, although this mode allows for monitoring, force set, resets, and more generally tuning or debugging of the system. Often monitor mode may be used as a trial for initialization. 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This can result in equipment damage, prolonged process disruptions and hazards to personnel. \n\nMany faults and abnormal conditions in process control happen too quickly for a human operator to react to. Speed is critical in correcting these conditions to limit serious impacts such as Loss of Control and Property Damage. \n\nAdversaries may target and disable protective system functions as a prerequisite to subsequent attack execution or to allow for future faults and abnormal conditions to go unchecked. Detection of a Loss of Protection by operators can result in the shutdown of a process due to strict policies regarding protection systems. This can cause a Loss of Productivity and Revenue and may meet the technical goals of adversaries seeking to cause process disruptions.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2bb4d762-bf4a-4bc3-9318-15cc6a354163", "created": "2021-04-12T07:57:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0837", "external_id": "T0837"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.197Z", "name": "Monitor Process State", "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the physical process state. This information may be used to gain more information about the process itself or used as a trigger for malicious actions. The sources of process state information may vary such as, OPC tags, historian data, specific PLC block information, or network traffic.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0801", "external_id": "T0801"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.398Z", "name": "Scripting", "description": "Adversaries may use scripting languages to execute arbitrary code in the form of a pre-written script or in the form of user-supplied code to an interpreter. Scripting languages are programming languages that differ from compiled languages, in that scripting languages use an interpreter, instead of a compiler. These interpreters read and compile part of the source code just before it is executed, as opposed to compilers, which compile each and every line of code to an executable file. Scripting allows software developers to run their code on any system where the interpreter exists. This way, they can distribute one package, instead of precompiling executables for many different systems. Scripting languages, such as Python, have their interpreters shipped as a default with many Linux distributions. \n\nIn addition to being a useful tool for developers and administrators, scripting language interpreters may be abused by the adversary to execute code in the target environment. Due to the nature of scripting languages, this allows for weaponized code to be deployed to a target easily, and leaves open the possibility of on-the-fly scripting to perform a task.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: Process Creation", "Process: Process Metadata", "Module: Module Load", "Script: Script Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853", "external_id": "T0853"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.595Z", "name": "Remote System Information Discovery", "description": "An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about remote systems and their peripherals, such as make/model, role, and configuration. Adversaries may use information from Remote System Information Discovery to aid in targeting and shaping follow-on behaviors. For example, the system's operational role and model information can dictate whether it is a relevant target for the adversary's operational objectives. In addition, the system's configuration may be used to scope subsequent technique usage. \n\nRequests for system information are typically implemented using automation and management protocols and are often automatically requested by vendor software during normal operation. This information may be used to tailor management actions, such as program download and system or module firmware. An adversary may leverage this same information by issuing calls directly to the system's API.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "File: File Access", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "created": "2021-04-13T12:45:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888", "external_id": "T0888"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.785Z", "name": "Program Upload", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to upload a program from a PLC to gather information about an industrial process. Uploading a program may allow them to acquire and study the underlying logic. Methods of program upload include vendor software, which enables the user to upload and read a program running on a PLC. This software can be used to upload the target program to a workstation, jump box, or an interfacing device.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0845", "external_id": "T0845"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.990Z", "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application", "description": "Adversaries may leverage weaknesses to exploit internet-facing software for initial access into an industrial network. Internet-facing software may be user applications, underlying networking implementations, an assets operating system, weak defenses, etc. Targets of this technique may be intentionally exposed for the purpose of remote management and visibility.\n\nAn adversary may seek to target public-facing applications as they may provide direct access into an ICS environment or the ability to move into the ICS network. Publicly exposed applications may be found through online tools that scan the internet for open ports and services. Version numbers for the exposed application may provide adversaries an ability to target specific known vulnerabilities. Exposed control protocol or remote access ports found in Commonly Used Port may be of interest by adversaries.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0819", "external_id": "T0819"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.187Z", "name": "Data from Information Repositories", "description": "Adversaries may target and collect data from information repositories. This can include sensitive data such as specifications, schematics, or diagrams of control system layouts, devices, and processes. Examples of information repositories include reference databases in the process environment, as well as databases in the corporate network that might contain information about the ICS.(Citation: Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018)\n\nInformation collected from these systems may provide the adversary with a better understanding of the operational environment, vendors used, processes, or procedures of the ICS.\n\nIn a campaign between 2011 and 2013 against ONG organizations, Chinese state-sponsored actors searched document repositories for specific information such as, system manuals, remote terminal unit (RTU) sites, personnel lists, documents that included the string SCAD*, user credentials, and remote dial-up access information. (Citation: CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", "Network Share: Network Share Access", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0811", "external_id": "T0811"}, {"source_name": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018", "description": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency 2018, March 15 Alert (TA18-074A) Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Retrieved. 2019/10/11 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"}, {"source_name": "CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021", "description": "Department of Justice (DOJ), DHS Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) 2021, July 20 Chinese Gas Pipeline Intrusion Campaign, 2011 to 2013 Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA21-201A_Chinese_Gas_Pipeline_Intrusion_Campaign_2011_to_2013%20(1).pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.395Z", "name": "Transient Cyber Asset", "description": "Adversaries may target devices that are transient across ICS networks and external networks. Normally, transient assets are brought into an environment by authorized personnel and do not remain in that environment on a permanent basis. (Citation: North American Electric Reliability Corporation June 2021) Transient assets are commonly needed to support management functions and may be more common in systems where a remotely managed asset is not feasible, external connections for remote access do not exist, or 3rd party contractor/vendor access is required. \n\nAdversaries may take advantage of transient assets in different ways. For instance, adversaries may target a transient asset when it is connected to an external network and then leverage its trusted access in another environment to launch an attack. They may also take advantage of installed applications and libraries that are used by legitimate end-users to interact with control system devices. \n\nTransient assets, in some cases, may not be deployed with a secure configuration leading to weaknesses that could allow an adversary to propagate malicious executable code, e.g., the transient asset may be infected by malware and when connected to an ICS environment the malware propagates onto other systems. ", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--35392fb4-a31d-4c6a-b9f2-1c65b7f5e6b9", "created": "2021-10-14T15:25:32.143Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0864", "external_id": "T0864"}, {"source_name": "North American Electric Reliability Corporation June 2021", "description": "North American Electric Reliability Corporation 2021, June 28 Glossary of Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards Retrieved. 2021/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Glossary%20of%20Terms/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.589Z", "name": "Manipulate I/O Image", "description": "Adversaries may manipulate the I/O image of PLCs through various means to prevent them from functioning as expected. Methods of I/O image manipulation may include overriding the I/O table via direct memory manipulation or using the override function used for testing PLC programs. (Citation: Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson December 2010) During the scan cycle, a PLC reads the status of all inputs and stores them in an image table. (Citation: Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath) The image table is the PLCs internal storage location where values of inputs/outputs for one scan are stored while it executes the user program. After the PLC has solved the entire logic program, it updates the output image table. The contents of this output image table are written to the corresponding output points in I/O Modules. \n\nOne of the unique characteristics of PLCs is their ability to override the status of a physical discrete input or to override the logic driving a physical output coil and force the output to a desired status.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Asset: Software"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0835", "external_id": "T0835"}, {"source_name": "Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson December 2010", "description": "Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson 2010, December Programmable logic controller hardware Retrieved. 2018/03/29 ", "url": "https://www.isa.org/standards-and-publications/isa-publications/intech/2010/december/programmable-logic-controller-hardware/"}, {"source_name": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath", "description": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson 2010, December Programmable logic controller hardware Retrieved. 2018/03/29  PLC Ladder Logic Basics Retrieved. 2021/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.ezautomation.net/industry-articles/plc-ladder-logic-basics.htm"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.783Z", "name": "Network Sniffing", "description": "Network sniffing is the practice of using a network interface on a computer system to monitor or capture information (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018) regardless of whether it is the specified destination for the information. \n\nAn adversary may attempt to sniff the traffic to gain information about the target. This information can vary in the level of importance. Relatively unimportant information is general communications to and from machines.  Relatively important information would be login information. User credentials may be sent over an unencrypted protocol, such as Telnet, that can be captured and obtained through network packet analysis. \n\nIn addition, ARP and Domain Name Service (DNS) poisoning can be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "Command: Command Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0842", "external_id": "T0842"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Network Sniffing Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1040"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.989Z", "name": "Rootkit", "description": "Adversaries may deploy rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting and modifying operating-system API calls that supply system information. Rootkits or rootkit-enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system, or lower. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)   \n\nFirmware rootkits that affect the operating system yield nearly full control of the system. While firmware rootkits are normally developed for the main processing board, they can also be developed for the I/O that is attached to an asset. Compromise of this firmware allows the modification of all of the process variables and functions the module engages in. This may result in commands being disregarded and false information being fed to the main device. By tampering with device processes, an adversary may inhibit its expected response functions and possibly enable [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Firmware: Firmware Modification"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0851", "external_id": "T0851"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Rootkit Retrieved. 2018/05/16 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1014"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2024-04-05T16:34:58.587Z", "name": "Automated Collection", "description": "Adversaries may automate collection of industrial environment information using tools or scripts. This automated collection may leverage native control protocols and tools available in the control systems environment. For example, the OPC protocol may be used to enumerate and gather information. Access to a system or interface with these native protocols may allow collection and enumeration of other attached, communicating servers and devices.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Script: Script Execution", "Command: Command Execution", "File: File Access", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0802", "external_id": "T0802"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.376Z", "name": "Block Reporting Message", "description": "Adversaries may block or prevent a reporting message from reaching its intended target. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. By blocking these reporting messages, an adversary can potentially hide their actions from an operator.\n\nBlocking reporting messages in control systems that manage physical processes may contribute to system impact, causing inhibition of a response function. A control system may not be able to respond in a proper or timely manner to an event, such as a dangerous fault, if its corresponding reporting message is blocked. (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)  (Citation: Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm", "Process: Process Termination", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0804", "external_id": "T0804"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016", "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems 2016, March 18 Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case Retrieved. 2018/03/27 ", "url": "https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt36c2e63521272fdc/blt6a77276749b76a40/607f235992f0063e5c070fff/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5%5b73%5d.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.582Z", "name": "Unauthorized Command Message", "description": "Adversaries may send unauthorized command messages to instruct control system assets to perform actions outside of their intended functionality, or without the logical preconditions to trigger their expected function. Command messages are used in ICS networks to give direct instructions to control systems devices. If an adversary can send an unauthorized command message to a control system, then it can instruct the control systems device to perform an action outside the normal bounds of the device's actions. An adversary could potentially instruct a control systems device to perform an action that will cause an [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105). (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)\n\nIn the Dallas Siren incident, adversaries were able to send command messages to activate tornado alarm systems across the city without an impending tornado or other disaster. (Citation: Zack Whittaker April 2017) (Citation: Benjamin Freed March 2019)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0855", "external_id": "T0855"}, {"source_name": "Benjamin Freed March 2019", "description": "Benjamin Freed 2019, March 13 Tornado sirens in Dallas suburbs deactivated after being hacked and set off Retrieved. 2020/11/06 ", "url": "https://statescoop.com/tornado-sirens-in-dallas-suburbs-deactivated-after-being-hacked-and-set-off/"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Zack Whittaker April 2017", "description": "Zack Whittaker 2017, April 12 Dallas' emergency sirens were hacked with a rogue radio signal Retrieved. 2020/11/06 ", "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/experts-think-they-know-how-dallas-emergency-sirens-were-hacked/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.784Z", "name": "Data Destruction", "description": "Adversaries may perform data destruction over the course of an operation. The adversary may drop or create malware, tools, or other non-native files on a target system to accomplish this, potentially leaving behind traces of malicious activities. Such non-native files and other data may be removed over the course of an intrusion to maintain a small footprint or as a standard part of the post-intrusion cleanup process. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)\n\nData destruction may also be used to render operator interfaces unable to respond and to disrupt response functions from occurring as expected. An adversary may also destroy data backups that are vital to recovery after an incident.\n\nStandard file deletion commands are available on most operating system and device interfaces to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Two examples are Windows Sysinternals SDelete and Active@ Killdisk.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Matan Dobrushin - Otorio"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Modification", "Process: Process Creation", "File: File Deletion", "Command: Command Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0809", "external_id": "T0809"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 File Deletion Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1107"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.993Z", "name": "Manipulation of View", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the information reported back to operators or controllers. This manipulation may be short term or sustained. During this time the process itself could be in a much different state than what is reported. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay) \n\nOperators may be fooled into doing something that is harmful to the system in a loss of view situation. With a manipulated view into the systems, operators may issue inappropriate control sequences that introduce faults or catastrophic failures into the system. Business analysis systems can also be provided with inaccurate data leading to bad management decisions.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0832", "external_id": "T0832"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee", "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297"}, {"source_name": "Tyson Macaulay", "description": "Tyson Macaulay Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Data Historian Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may compromise and gain control of a data historian to gain a foothold into the control system environment. Access to a data historian may be used to learn stored database archival and analysis information on the control system. A dual-homed data historian may provide adversaries an interface from the IT environment to the OT environment. \n\nDragos has released an updated analysis on CrashOverride that outlines the attack from the ICS network breach to payload delivery and execution.  (Citation: Industroyer - Dragos - 201810) The report summarized that CrashOverride represents a new application of malware, but relied on standard intrusion techniques. In particular, new artifacts include references to a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 host, with a SQL Server. Within the ICS environment, such a database server can act as a data historian. Dragos noted a device with this role should be \"expected to have extensive connections\" within the ICS environment. Adversary activity leveraged database capabilities to perform reconnaissance, including directory queries and network connectivity checks.\n\nPermissions Required: Administrator\n\nContributors: Joe Slowik - Dragos", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_permissions_required": ["Administrator"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0810", "external_id": "T0810"}, {"source_name": "Industroyer - Dragos - 201810", "description": "Dragos. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Network Service Scanning", "description": "Network Service Scanning is the process of discovering services on networked systems.  This can be achieved through a technique called port scanning or probing.  Port scanning interacts with the TCP/IP ports on a target system to determine whether ports are open, closed, or filtered by a firewall.  This does not reveal the service that is running behind the port, but since many common services are run on [https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml specific port numbers], the type of service can be assumed.  More in-depth testing includes interaction with the actual service to determine the service type and specific version.  One of the most-popular tools to use for Network Service Scanning is [https://nmap.org/ Nmap].\n\nAn adversary may attempt to gain information about a target device and its role on the network via Network Service Scanning techniques, such as port scanning.  Network Service Scanning is useful for determining potential vulnerabilities in services on target devices.  Network Service Scanning is closely tied to .\n\nScanning ports can be noisy on a network. In some attacks, adversaries probe for specific ports using custom tools. This was specifically seen in the Triton and PLC-Blaster attacks.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--539d0484-fe95-485a-b654-86991c0d0d00", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0841", "external_id": "T0841"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.190Z", "name": "Indicator Removal on Host", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to remove indicators of their presence on a system in an effort to cover their tracks. In cases where an adversary may feel detection is imminent, they may try to overwrite, delete, or cover up changes they have made to the device.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: OS API Execution", "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", "File: File Metadata", "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion", "File: File Deletion", "File: File Modification", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0872", "external_id": "T0872"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.375Z", "name": "I/O Image", "description": "Adversaries may seek to capture process values related to the inputs and outputs of a PLC. During the scan cycle, a PLC reads the status of all inputs and stores them in an image table. (Citation: Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath) The image table is the PLCs internal storage location where values of inputs/outputs for one scan are stored while it executes the user program. After the PLC has solved the entire logic program, it updates the output image table. The contents of this output image table are written to the corresponding output points in I/O Modules.\n\nThe Input and Output Image tables described above make up the I/O Image on a PLC. This image is used by the user program instead of directly interacting with physical I/O. (Citation: Spenneberg, Ralf 2016) \n\nAdversaries may collect the I/O Image state of a PLC by utilizing a devices [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0834) to access the memory regions directly. The collection of the PLCs I/O state could be used to replace values or inform future stages of an attack.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Asset: Software"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--53a48c74-0025-45f4-b04a-baa853df8204", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0877", "external_id": "T0877"}, {"source_name": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath", "description": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath   PLC Ladder Logic Basics Retrieved. 2021/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.ezautomation.net/industry-articles/plc-ladder-logic-basics.htm"}, {"source_name": "Spenneberg, Ralf 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf 2016 PLC-Blaster Retrieved. 2019/06/06 ", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.576Z", "name": "Denial of View", "description": "Adversaries may cause a denial of view in attempt to disrupt and prevent operator oversight on the status of an ICS environment. This may manifest itself as a temporary communication failure between a device and its control source, where the interface recovers and becomes available once the interference ceases. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay) \n\nAn adversary may attempt to deny operator visibility by preventing them from receiving status and reporting messages. Denying this view may temporarily block and prevent operators from noticing a change in state or anomalous behavior. The environment's data and processes may still be operational, but functioning in an unintended or adversarial manner. ", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--56ddc820-6cfb-407f-850b-52c035d123ac", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0815", "external_id": "T0815"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. 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Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.776Z", "name": "Execution through API", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to leverage Application Program Interfaces (APIs) used for communication between control software and the hardware. Specific functionality is often coded into APIs which can be called by software to engage specific functions on a device or other software.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0871", "external_id": "T0871"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.975Z", "name": "Supply Chain Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may perform supply chain compromise to gain control systems environment access by means of infected products, software, and workflows. Supply chain compromise is the manipulation of products, such as devices or software, or their delivery mechanisms before receipt by the end consumer. Adversary compromise of these products and mechanisms is done for the goal of data or system compromise, once infected products are introduced to the target environment. \n\nSupply chain compromise can occur at all stages of the supply chain, from manipulation of development tools and environments to manipulation of developed products and tools distribution mechanisms. This may involve the compromise and replacement of legitimate software and patches, such as on third party or vendor websites. Targeting of supply chain compromise can be done in attempts to infiltrate the environments of a specific audience. In control systems environments with assets in both the IT and OT networks, it is possible a supply chain compromise affecting the IT environment could enable further access to the OT environment.   \n\nCounterfeit devices may be introduced to the global supply chain posing safety and cyber risks to asset owners and operators. These devices may not meet the safety, engineering and manufacturing requirements of regulatory bodies but may feature tagging indicating conformance with industry standards. Due to the lack of adherence to standards and overall lesser quality, the counterfeit products may pose a serious safety and operational risk. (Citation: Control Global May 2019) \n\nYokogawa identified instances in which their customers received counterfeit differential pressure transmitters using the Yokogawa logo. The counterfeit transmitters were nearly indistinguishable with a semblance of functionality and interface that mimics the genuine product. (Citation: Control Global May 2019) \n\nF-Secure Labs analyzed the approach the adversary used to compromise victim systems with Havex. (Citation: Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen June 2014) The adversary planted trojanized software installers available on legitimate ICS/SCADA vendor websites. After being downloaded, this software infected the host computer with a Remote Access Trojan (RAT).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Metadata"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0862", "external_id": "T0862"}, {"source_name": "Control Global May 2019", "description": "Control Global 2019, May 29 Yokogawa announcement warns of counterfeit transmitters Retrieved. 2021/04/09 ", "url": "https://www.controlglobal.com/industrynews/2019/yokogawa-announcement-warns-of-counterfeit-transmitters/"}, {"source_name": "Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen June 2014", "description": "Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen 2014, June 23 Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2019/04/01 ", "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002718.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Serial Connection Enumeration", "description": "Adversaries may perform serial connection enumeration to gather situational awareness after gaining access to devices in the OT network. Control systems devices often communicate to each other via various types of serial communication mediums. These serial communications are used to facilitate informational communication, as well as commands.  Serial Connection Enumeration differs from I/O Module Discovery, as I/O modules are auxiliary systems to the main system, and devices that are connected via serial connection are normally discrete systems.\n\nWhile IT and OT networks may work in tandem, the exact structure of the OT network may not be discernible from the IT network alone. After gaining access to a device on the OT network, an adversary may be able to enumerate the serial connections. From this perspective, the adversary can see the specific physical devices to which the compromised device is connected to. This gives the adversary greater situational awareness and can influence the actions that the adversary can take in an attack.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Input/Output Server", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5f3da2f3-91c8-4d8b-a02f-bf43a11def55", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0854", "external_id": "T0854"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.171Z", "name": "Loss of Safety", "description": "Adversaries may compromise safety system functions designed to maintain safe operation of a process when unacceptable or dangerous conditions occur. Safety systems are often composed of the same elements as control systems but have the sole purpose of ensuring the process fails in a predetermined safe manner. \n\nMany unsafe conditions in process control happen too quickly for a human operator to react to. Speed is critical in correcting these conditions to limit serious impacts such as Loss of Control and Property Damage. \n\nAdversaries may target and disable safety system functions as a prerequisite to subsequent attack execution or to allow for future unsafe conditionals to go unchecked. Detection of a Loss of Safety by operators can result in the shutdown of a process due to strict policies regarding safety systems. This can cause a Loss of Productivity and Revenue and may meet the technical goals of adversaries seeking to cause process disruptions.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5fa00fdd-4a55-4191-94a0-564181d7fec2", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0880", "external_id": "T0880"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.362Z", "name": "Loss of Productivity and Revenue", "description": "Adversaries may cause loss of productivity and revenue through disruption and even damage to the availability and integrity of control system operations, devices, and related processes. This technique may manifest as a direct effect of an ICS-targeting attack or tangentially, due to an IT-targeting attack against non-segregated environments. \n\nIn cases where these operations or services are brought to a halt, the loss of productivity may eventually present an impact for the end-users or consumers of products and services. The disrupted supply-chain may result in supply shortages and increased prices, among other consequences. \n\nA ransomware attack on an Australian beverage company resulted in the shutdown of some manufacturing sites, including precautionary halts to protect key systems. (Citation: Paganini, Pierluigi June 2020) The company announced the potential for temporary shortages of their products following the attack. (Citation: Paganini, Pierluigi June 2020) (Citation: Lion Corporation June 2020) \n\nIn the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware incident, the pipeline was unable to transport approximately 2.5 million barrels of fuel per day to the East Coast.  (Citation: Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--63b6942d-8359-4506-bfb3-cf87aa8120ee", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0828", "external_id": "T0828"}, {"source_name": "Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021", "description": "Colonial Pipeline Company 2021, May Media Statement Update: Colonial Pipeline System Disruption Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://www.colpipe.com/news/press-releases/media-statement-colonial-pipeline-system-disruption"}, {"source_name": "Lion Corporation June 2020", "description": "Lion Corporation 2020, June 26 Lion Cyber incident update: 26 June 2020 Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://lionco.com/2020/06/26/lion-update-re-cyber-issue/"}, {"source_name": "Paganini, Pierluigi June 2020", "description": "Paganini, Pierluigi 2020, June 14 Ransomware attack disrupts operations at Australian beverage company Lion Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/104749/cyber-crime/ransomware-attack-hit-lion.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.577Z", "name": "Spearphishing Attachment", "description": "Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0863) to gain execution and access. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK October 2019) \n\nA Chinese spearphishing campaign running from December 9, 2011 through February 29, 2012, targeted ONG organizations and their employees. The emails were constructed with a high level of sophistication to convince employees to open the malicious file attachments. (Citation: CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "File: File Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865", "external_id": "T0865"}, {"source_name": "CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021", "description": "Department of Justice (DOJ), DHS Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) 2021, July 20 Chinese Gas Pipeline Intrusion Campaign, 2011 to 2013 Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA21-201A_Chinese_Gas_Pipeline_Intrusion_Campaign_2011_to_2013%20(1).pdf"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK October 2019", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2019, October 25 Spearphishing Attachment Retrieved. 2019/10/25 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Location Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform location identification using device data to inform operations and targeted impact for attacks. Location identification data can come in a number of forms, including geographic location, location relative to other control system devices, time zone, and current time. An adversary may use an embedded global positioning system (GPS) module in a device to figure out the physical coordinates of a device. NIST SP800-82 recommends that devices utilize GPS or another location determining mechanism to attach appropriate timestamps to log entries (Citation: Guidance - NIST SP800-82). While this assists in logging and event tracking, an adversary could use the underlying positioning mechanism to determine the general location of a device. An adversary can also infer the physical location of serially connected devices by using serial connection enumeration. \n\nAn adversary attempt to attack and cause Impact could potentially affect other control system devices in close proximity. Device local-time and time-zone settings can also provide adversaries a rough indicator of device location, when specific geographic identifiers cannot be determined from the system.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Control Server"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0825", "external_id": "T0825"}, {"source_name": "Guidance - NIST SP800-82", "description": "Keith Stouffer. (2015, May). Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security. Retrieved March 28, 2018.", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2024-04-08T18:54:40.925Z", "name": "Autorun Image", "description": "Adversaries may leverage AutoRun functionality or scripts to execute malicious code. Devices configured to enable AutoRun functionality or legacy operating systems may be susceptible to abuse of these features to run malicious code stored on various forms of removeable media (i.e., USB, Disk Images [.ISO]). Commonly, AutoRun or AutoPlay are disabled in many operating systems configurations to mitigate against this technique. If a device is configured to enable AutoRun or AutoPlay, adversaries may execute code on the device by mounting the removable media to the device, either through physical or virtual means. This may be especially relevant for virtual machine environments where disk images may be dynamically mapped to a guest system on a hypervisor.  \n\nAn example could include an adversary gaining access to a hypervisor through the management interface to modify a virtual machine\u2019s hardware configuration. They could then deploy an iso image with a malicious AutoRun script to cause the virtual machine to automatically execute the code contained on the disk image. This would enable the execution of malicious code within a virtual machine without needing any prior remote access to that system.\n", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Drive: Drive Creation", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--77d9c726-b53e-481d-8bcc-1068aebfbb9d", "created": "2024-03-26T15:39:19.473Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0895", "external_id": "T0895"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.780Z", "name": "Drive-by Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may gain access to a system during a drive-by compromise, when a user visits a website as part of a regular browsing session. With this technique, the user's web browser is targeted and exploited simply by visiting the compromised website. \n\nThe adversary may target a specific community, such as trusted third party suppliers or other industry specific groups, which often visit the target website. This kind of targeted attack relies on a common interest, and is known as a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack. \n\nThe National Cyber Awareness System (NCAS) has issued a Technical Alert (TA) regarding Russian government cyber activity targeting critical infrastructure sectors. (Citation: Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018) Analysis by DHS and FBI has noted two distinct categories of victims in the Dragonfly campaign on the Western energy sector: staging and intended targets. The adversary targeted the less secure networks of staging targets, including trusted third-party suppliers and related peripheral organizations. Initial access to the intended targets used watering hole attacks to target process control, ICS, and critical infrastructure related trade publications and informational websites.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Process: Process Creation", "File: File Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0817", "external_id": "T0817"}, {"source_name": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018", "description": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency 2018, March 15 Alert (TA18-074A) Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Retrieved. 2019/10/11 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.993Z", "name": "Damage to Property", "description": "Adversaries may cause damage and destruction of property to infrastructure, equipment, and the surrounding environment when attacking control systems. This technique may result in device and operational equipment breakdown, or represent tangential damage from other techniques used in an attack. Depending on the severity of physical damage and disruption caused to control processes and systems, this technique may result in [Loss of Safety](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0880). Operations that result in [Loss of Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0827) may also cause damage to property, which may be directly or indirectly motivated by an adversary seeking to cause impact in the form of [Loss of Productivity and Revenue](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0828). \n\n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) reported a targeted attack on a steel mill under an incidents affecting business section of its 2014 IT Security Report. (Citation: BSI State of IT Security 2014)  These targeted attacks affected industrial operations and resulted in breakdowns of control system components and even entire installations. As a result of these breakdowns, massive impact and damage resulted from the uncontrolled shutdown of a blast furnace. \n\nA Polish student used a remote controller device to interface with the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: John Bill May 2017) (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008) Using this remote, the student was able to capture and replay legitimate tram signals. This resulted in damage to impacted trams, people, and the surrounding property. Reportedly, four trams were derailed and were forced to make emergency stops. (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) Commands issued by the student may have also resulted in tram collisions, causing harm to those on board and the environment outside. (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--83ebd22f-b401-4d59-8219-2294172cf916", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0879", "external_id": "T0879"}, {"source_name": "Bruce Schneier January 2008", "description": "Bruce Schneier 2008, January 17 Hacking Polish Trams Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking_the_pol.html"}, {"source_name": "BSI State of IT Security 2014", "description": "Bundesamt fr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) (German Federal Office for Information Security) 2014 Die Lage der IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (The State of IT Security in Germany) Retrieved. 2019/10/30 ", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3"}, {"source_name": "John Bill May 2017", "description": "John Bill 2017, May 12 Hacked Cyber Security Railways Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/"}, {"source_name": "Shelley Smith February 2008", "description": "Shelley Smith 2008, February 12 Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen_hacker_in_poland_plays_tr/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:07.260Z", "name": "Spoof Reporting Message", "description": "Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values. \n\nIf an adversary has the ability to Spoof Reporting Messages, they can impact the control system in many ways. The adversary can Spoof Reporting Messages that state that the process is operating normally, as a form of evasion. The adversary could also Spoof Reporting Messages to make the defenders and operators think that other errors are occurring in order to distract them from the actual source of a problem. 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These default credentials may have administrative permissions and may be necessary for initial configuration of the device. It is general best practice to change the passwords for these accounts as soon as possible, but some manufacturers may have devices that have passwords or usernames that cannot be changed. (Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)\n\nDefault credentials are normally documented in an instruction manual that is either packaged with the device, published online through official means, or published online through unofficial means. 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These services allow users to connect to internal network resources from external locations. Examples are VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms. Remote service gateways often manage connections and credential authentication for these services. (Citation: Daniel Oakley, Travis Smith, Tripwire)\n\nExternal remote services allow administration of a control system from outside the system. Often, vendors and internal engineering groups have access to external remote services to control system networks via the corporate network. In some cases, this access is enabled directly from the internet. While remote access enables ease of maintenance when a control system is in a remote area, compromise of remote access solutions is a liability. The adversary may use these services to gain access to and execute attacks against a control system network. Access to valid accounts is often a requirement. \n\nAs they look for an entry point into the control system network, adversaries may begin searching for existing point-to-point VPN implementations at trusted third party networks or through remote support employee connections where split tunneling is enabled. 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Brute Force I/O may be achieved by changing either a range of I/O point values or a single point value repeatedly to manipulate a process function. The adversary's goal and the information they have about the target environment will influence which of the options they choose. In the case of brute forcing a range of point values, the adversary may be able to achieve an impact without targeting a specific point. In the case where a single point is targeted, the adversary may be able to generate instability on the process function associated with that particular point. \n\nAdversaries may use Brute Force I/O to cause failures within various industrial processes. 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State information reveals information about the program, including whether it's running, halted, stopped, or has generated an exception. This information may be leveraged as a verification of malicious program execution or to determine if a PLC is ready to download a new program.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--94f042ae-3033-4a8d-9ec3-26396533a541", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0870", "external_id": "T0870"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.233Z", "name": "Adversary-in-the-Middle", "description": "Adversaries with privileged network access may seek to modify network traffic in real time using adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) attacks. (Citation: Gabriel Sanchez October 2017) This type of attack allows the adversary to intercept traffic to and/or from a particular device on the network. If a AiTM attack is established, then the adversary has the ability to block, log, modify, or inject traffic into the communication stream. There are several ways to accomplish this attack, but some of the most-common are Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning and the use of a proxy. (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)  \n\nAn AiTM attack may allow an adversary to perform the following attacks:  \n[Block Reporting Message](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0804), [Spoof Reporting Message](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856), [Modify Parameter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0836), [Unauthorized Command Message](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0855)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Conrad Layne - GE Digital"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", "Process: Process Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Service: Service Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0830", "external_id": "T0830"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Gabriel Sanchez October 2017", "description": "Gabriel Sanchez 2017, October Man-In-The-Middle Attack Against Modbus TCP Illustrated with Wireshark Retrieved. 2020/01/05 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/man-in-the-middle-attack-modbus-tcp-illustrated-wireshark-38095"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.425Z", "name": "Exploitation for Evasion", "description": "Adversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to take advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to evade detection. Vulnerabilities may exist in software that can be used to disable or circumvent security features.  \n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge through [Remote System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888) about security features implemented on control devices. These device security features will likely be targeted directly for exploitation. There are examples of firmware RAM/ROM consistency checks on control devices being targeted by adversaries to enable the installation of malicious [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0857).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0820", "external_id": "T0820"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.613Z", "name": "Loss of Control", "description": "Adversaries may seek to achieve a sustained loss of control or a runaway condition in which operators cannot issue any commands even if the malicious interference has subsided. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay)\n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) reported a targeted attack on a steel mill in its 2014 IT Security Report.(Citation: BSI State of IT Security 2014) These targeted attacks affected industrial operations and resulted in breakdowns of control system components and even entire installations. As a result of these breakdowns, massive impact resulted in damage and unsafe conditions from the uncontrolled shutdown of a blast furnace.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Dragos Threat Intelligence"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0827", "external_id": "T0827"}, {"source_name": "BSI State of IT Security 2014", "description": "Bundesamt fr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) (German Federal Office for Information Security) 2014 Die Lage der IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (The State of IT Security in Germany) Retrieved. 2019/10/30 ", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. 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Program state changes may be used to allow for another program to take over control or be loaded onto the device.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0875", "external_id": "T0875"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.803Z", "name": "Hooking", "description": "Adversaries may hook into application programming interface (API) functions used by processes to redirect calls for execution and privilege escalation means. Windows processes often leverage these API functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK)\n\nOne type of hooking seen in ICS involves redirecting calls to these functions via import address table (IAT) hooking. IAT hooking uses modifications to a process IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored. 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This device information can also be used to understand device functionality and inform the decision to target the environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0808", "external_id": "T0808"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Program Organization Units", "description": "Program Organizational Units (POUs) are block structures used within PLC programming to create programs and projects. (Citation: Guidance - IEC61131) POUs can be used to hold user programs written in IEC 61131-3 languages: Structured text, Instruction list, Function block, and Ladder logic. (Citation: Guidance - IEC61131) Application - 201203 They can also provide additional functionality, such as establishing connections between the PLC and other devices using TCON. (Citation: PLCBlaster - Spenneberg)\n  \nStuxnet uses a simple code-prepending infection technique to infect Organization Blocks (OB). For example, the following sequence of actions is performed when OB1 is infected  (Citation: Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102):\n*Increase the size of the original block.\n*Write malicious code to the beginning of the block.\n*Insert the original OB1 code after the malicious code.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--ae62fe1a-ea1a-479b-8dc0-65d250bd8bc7", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0844", "external_id": "T0844"}, {"source_name": "Guidance - IEC61131", "description": "John Karl-Heinz. (n.d.). Programming Industrial Automation Systems. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "http://www.dee.ufrj.br/controle%20automatico/cursos/IEC61131-3%20Programming%20Industrial%20Automation%20Systems.pdf"}, {"source_name": "PLCBlaster - Spenneberg", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Br\u00fcggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). 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An adversary can use this access to execute programs and applications on the target machine.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "Command: Command Execution", "Module: Module Load", "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0823", "external_id": "T0823"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.193Z", "name": "Rogue Master", "description": "Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. 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Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes. (Citation: The MITRE Corporation May 2017) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations. \n\nFunctionality provided by native APIs are often also exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries. For example, functions such as memcpy and direct operations on memory registers can be used to modify user and system memory space.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "created": "2021-04-13T12:36:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0834", "external_id": "T0834"}, {"source_name": "The MITRE Corporation May 2017", "description": "The MITRE Corporation 2017, May 31 ATT&CK T1106: Native API Retrieved. 2021/04/26 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.581Z", "name": "Loss of Availability", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to disrupt essential components or systems to prevent owner and operator from delivering products or services. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay) \n\nAdversaries may leverage malware to delete or encrypt critical data on HMIs, workstations, or databases.\n\nIn the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware incident, pipeline operations were temporally halted on May 7th and were not fully restarted until May 12th. (Citation: Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0826", "external_id": "T0826"}, {"source_name": "Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021", "description": "Colonial Pipeline Company 2021, May Media Statement Update: Colonial Pipeline System Disruption Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://www.colpipe.com/news/press-releases/media-statement-colonial-pipeline-system-disruption"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. 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Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.780Z", "name": "Theft of Operational Information", "description": "Adversaries may steal operational information on a production environment as a direct mission outcome for personal gain or to inform future operations. This information may include design documents, schedules, rotational data, or similar artifacts that provide insight on operations.    In the Bowman Dam incident, adversaries probed systems for operational data. (Citation: Mark Thompson March 2016) (Citation: Danny Yadron December 2015)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0882", "external_id": "T0882"}, {"source_name": "Mark Thompson March 2016", "description": "Mark Thompson 2016, March 24 Iranian Cyber Attack on New York Dam Shows Future of War Retrieved. 2019/11/07 ", "url": "https://time.com/4270728/iran-cyber-attack-dam-fbi/"}, {"source_name": "Danny Yadron December 2015", "description": "Danny Yadron 2015, December 20 Iranian Hackers Infiltrated New York Dam in 2013 Retrieved. 2019/11/07 ", "url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/iranian-hackers-infiltrated-new-york-dam-in-2013-1450662559"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.988Z", "name": "System Firmware", "description": "System firmware on modern assets is often designed with an update feature. Older device firmware may be factory installed and require special reprograming equipment. When available, the firmware update feature enables vendors to remotely patch bugs and perform upgrades. Device firmware updates are often delegated to the user and may be done using a software update package. It may also be possible to perform this task over the network. \n\nAn adversary may exploit the firmware update feature on accessible devices to upload malicious or out-of-date firmware. Malicious modification of device firmware may provide an adversary with root access to a device, given firmware is one of the lowest programming abstraction layers. 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Possible disguises of these masquerading files can include commonly found programs, expected vendor executables and configuration files, and other commonplace application and naming conventions. By impersonating expected and vendor-relevant files and applications, operators and engineers may not notice the presence of the underlying malicious content and possibly end up running those masquerading as legitimate functions. \n\nApplications and other files commonly found on Windows systems or in engineering workstations have been impersonated before. This can be as simple as renaming a file to effectively disguise it in the ICS environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Service: Service Creation", "File: File Modification", "Process: Process Metadata", "Command: Command Execution", "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification", "Service: Service Modification", "File: File Metadata", "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0849", "external_id": "T0849"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.374Z", "name": "Program Download", "description": "Adversaries may perform a program download to transfer a user program to a controller. \n\nVariations of program download, such as online edit and program append, allow a controller to continue running during the transfer and reconfiguration process without interruption to process control. However, before starting a full program download (i.e., download all) a controller may need to go into a stop state. This can have negative consequences on the physical process, especially if the controller is not able to fulfill a time-sensitive action. Adversaries may choose to avoid a download all in favor of an online edit or program append to avoid disrupting the physical process. An adversary may need to use the technique Detect Operating Mode or Change Operating Mode to make sure the controller is in the proper mode to accept a program download.\n\nThe granularity of control to transfer a user program in whole or parts is dictated by the management protocol (e.g., S7CommPlus, TriStation) and underlying controller API. Thus, program download is a high-level term for the suite of vendor-specific API calls used to configure a controllers user program memory space.  \n\n[Modify Controller Tasking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0821) and [Modify Program](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0889) represent the configuration changes that are transferred to a controller via a program download.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Asset: Asset Inventory", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843", "external_id": "T0843"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.581Z", "name": "Replication Through Removable Media", "description": "Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.     \n\nOperators of the German nuclear power plant, Gundremmingen, discovered malware on a facility computer not connected to the internet. (Citation: Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen April 2016) (Citation: Trend Micro April 2016) The malware included Conficker and W32.Ramnit, which were also found on eighteen removable disk drives in the facility. (Citation: Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard April 2016) (Citation: Catalin Cimpanu April 2016) (Citation: Peter Dockrill April 2016) (Citation: Lee Mathews April 2016) (Citation: Sean Gallagher April 2016) (Citation: Dark Reading Staff April 2016) The plant has since checked for infection and cleaned up more than 1,000 computers. (Citation: BBC April 2016) An ESET researcher commented that internet disconnection does not guarantee system safety from infection or payload execution. (Citation: ESET April 2016)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "File: File Creation", "Drive: Drive Creation", "File: File Access"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847", "external_id": "T0847"}, {"source_name": "BBC April 2016", "description": "BBC 2016, April 28 German nuclear plant hit by computer viruses Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36158606"}, {"source_name": "Catalin Cimpanu April 2016", "description": "Catalin Cimpanu 2016, April 26 Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://news.softpedia.com/news/on-chernobyl-s-30th-anniversary-malware-shuts-down-german-nuclear-power-plant-503429.shtml"}, {"source_name": "Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard April 2016", "description": "Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard 2016, April 26 German nuclear plant infected with computer viruses, operator says Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuclearpower-cyber-germany/german-nuclear-plant-infected-with-computer-viruses-operator-says-idUSKCN0XN2OS"}, {"source_name": "Dark Reading Staff April 2016", "description": "Dark Reading Staff 2016, April 28 German Nuclear Power Plant Infected With Malware Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/endpoint/german-nuclear-power-plant-infected-with-malware/d/d-id/1325298"}, {"source_name": "ESET April 2016", "description": "ESET 2016, April 28 Malware found at a German nuclear power plant Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/04/28/malware-found-german-nuclear-power-plant/"}, {"source_name": "Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen April 2016", "description": "Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen 2016, April 25 Detektion von Bro-Schadsoftware an mehreren Rechnern Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.kkw-gundremmingen.de/presse.php?id=571"}, {"source_name": "Lee Mathews April 2016", "description": "Lee Mathews 2016, April 27 German nuclear plant found riddled with Conficker, other viruses Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.geek.com/apps/german-nuclear-plant-found-riddled-with-conficker-other-viruses-1653415/"}, {"source_name": "Peter Dockrill April 2016", "description": "Peter Dockrill 2016, April 28 Multiple Computer Viruses Have Been Discovered in This German Nuclear Plant Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.sciencealert.com/multiple-computer-viruses-have-been-discovered-in-this-german-nuclear-plant"}, {"source_name": "Sean Gallagher April 2016", "description": "Sean Gallagher 2016, April 27 German nuclear plants fuel rod system swarming with old malware Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/04/german-nuclear-plants-fuel-rod-system-swarming-with-old-malware/"}, {"source_name": "Trend Micro April 2016", "description": "Trend Micro 2016, April 27 Malware Discovered in German Nuclear Power Plant Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cyber-attacks/malware-discovered-in-german-nuclear-power-plant"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.768Z", "name": "Screen Capture", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to perform screen capture of devices in the control system environment. Screenshots may be taken of workstations, HMIs, or other devices that display environment-relevant process, device, reporting, alarm, or related data. These device displays may reveal information regarding the ICS process, layout, control, and related schematics. In particular, an HMI can provide a lot of important industrial process information. (Citation: ICS-CERT October 2017) Analysis of screen captures may provide the adversary with an understanding of intended operations and interactions between critical devices.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0852", "external_id": "T0852"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT October 2017", "description": "ICS-CERT 2017, October 21 Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Retrieved. 2017/10/23 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.962Z", "name": "Hardcoded Credentials", "description": "Adversaries may leverage credentials that are hardcoded in software or firmware to gain an unauthorized interactive user session to an asset. Examples credentials that may be hardcoded in an asset include:\n\n* Username/Passwords\n* Cryptographic keys/Certificates\n* API tokens\n\nUnlike [Default Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0812), these credentials are built into the system in a way that they either cannot be changed by the asset owner, or may be infeasible to change because of the impact it would cause to the control system operation. These credentials may be reused across whole product lines or device models and are often not published or known to the owner and operators of the asset. \n\nAdversaries may utilize these hardcoded credentials to move throughout the control system environment or provide reliable access for their tools to interact with industrial assets. \n", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Aagam Shah, @neutrinoguy, ABB"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--c9a8d958-fcdb-40d2-af4c-461c8031651a", "created": "2022-09-29T13:35:38.589Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0891", "external_id": "T0891"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.152Z", "name": "Valid Accounts", "description": "Adversaries may steal the credentials of a specific user or service account using credential access techniques. In some cases, default credentials for control system devices may be publicly available. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on hosts and within the network, and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems. Compromised and default credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems and devices or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools, in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide, to make it harder to detect their presence or to control devices and send legitimate commands in an unintended way. \n\nAdversaries may also create accounts, sometimes using predefined account names and passwords, to provide a means of backup access for persistence. (Citation: Booz Allen Hamilton) \n\nThe overlap of credentials and permissions across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator)  and possibly between the enterprise and operational technology environments. Adversaries may be able to leverage valid credentials from one system to gain access to another system.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["User Account: User Account Authentication", "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0859", "external_id": "T0859"}, {"source_name": "Booz Allen Hamilton", "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton   When The Lights Went Out Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.342Z", "name": "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation", "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security constructs such as permission levels will often hinder access to information and use of certain techniques, so adversaries will likely need to perform privilege escalation to include use of software exploitation to circumvent those restrictions. (Citation: The MITRE Corporation) \n\nWhen initially gaining access to a system, an adversary may be operating within a lower privileged process which will prevent them from accessing certain resources on the system. Vulnerabilities may exist, usually in operating system components and software commonly running at higher permissions, that can be exploited to gain higher levels of access on the system. This could enable someone to move from unprivileged or user level permissions to SYSTEM or root permissions depending on the component that is vulnerable. This may be a necessary step for an adversary compromising an endpoint system that has been properly configured and limits other privilege escalation methods. (Citation: The MITRE Corporation)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--cfe68e93-ce94-4c0f-a57d-3aa72cedd618", "created": "2021-04-13T12:08:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0890", "external_id": "T0890"}, {"source_name": "The MITRE Corporation", "description": "The MITRE Corporation The MITRE Corporation   ATT&CK T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Retrieved. 2021/04/12  ATT&CK T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Retrieved. 2021/04/12 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.536Z", "name": "Remote System Discovery", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Access", "Process: Process Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846", "external_id": "T0846"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Remote System Discovery Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1018"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Engineering Workstation Compromise", "description": "Adversaries will compromise and gain control of an engineering workstation for Initial Access into the control system environment. Access to an engineering workstation may occur through or physical means, such as a Valid Accounts with privileged access or infection by removable media. A dual-homed engineering workstation may allow the adversary access into multiple networks. For example, unsegregated process control, safety system, or information system networks. An Engineering Workstation is designed as a reliable computing platform that configures, maintains, and diagnoses control system equipment and applications. Compromise of an engineering workstation may provide access to, and control of, other control system applications and equipment. In the Maroochy attack, the adversary utilized a computer, possibly stolen, with proprietary engineering software to communicate with a wastewater system.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Engineering Workstation"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0818", "external_id": "T0818"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.730Z", "name": "Connection Proxy", "description": "Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications.\n\nThe definition of a proxy can also be expanded to encompass trust relationships between networks in peer-to-peer, mesh, or trusted connections between networks consisting of hosts or systems that regularly communicate with each other.\n\nThe network may be within a single organization or across multiple organizations with trust relationships. Adversaries could use these types of relationships to manage command and control communications, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0884", "external_id": "T0884"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Connection Proxy Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1090"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.924Z", "name": "Standard Application Layer Protocol", "description": "Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port.  Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869", "external_id": "T0869"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"x_mitre_platforms": ["Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e0d74479-86d2-465d-bf36-903ebecef43e", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.401Z", "name": "Modify Control Logic", "description": "Adversaries may place malicious code in a system, which can cause the system to malfunction by modifying its control logic. Control system devices use programming languages (e.g. relay ladder logic) to control physical processes by affecting actuators, which cause machines to operate, based on environment sensor readings. These devices often include the ability to perform remote control logic updates. \n\nProgram code is normally edited in a vendor-specific Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that relies on proprietary tools and features. These IDEs allow an engineer to perform host target development and may have the ability to run the code on the machine it is programmed for. The IDE will transmit the control logic to the testing device, and will perform the required device-specific functions to apply the changes and make them active.\n\nAn adversary may attempt to use this host target IDE to modify device control logic. Even though proprietary tools are often used to edit and update control logic, the process can usually be reverse-engineered and reproduced with open-source tools.\n\nAn adversary can de-calibrate a sensor by removing functions in control logic that account for sensor error. This can be used to change a control process without actually spoofing command messages to a controller or device. \n\nIt is believed this process happened in the lesser known over-pressurizer attacks build into Stuxnet. Pressure sensors are not perfect at translating pressure into an analog output signal, but their errors can be corrected by calibration. The pressure controller can be told what the \u201creal\u201d pressure is for given analog signals and then automatically linearize the measurement to what would be the \u201creal\u201d pressure. If the linearization is overwritten by malicious code on the S7-417 controller, analog pressure readings will be \u201ccorrected\u201d during the attack by the pressure controller, which then interprets all analog pressure readings as perfectly normal pressure no matter how high or low their analog values are. The pressure controller then acts accordingly by never opening the stage exhaust valves. In the meantime, actual pressure keeps rising. (Citation: Stuxnet - Langner - 201311)\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, Vitek Boden gained remote computer access to the control system and altered data so that whatever function should have occurred at affected pumping stations did not occur or occurred in a different way. The software program installed in the laptop was one developed by Hunter Watertech for its use in changing configurations in the PDS computers. This ultimately led to 800,000 liters of raw sewage being spilled out into the community. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0833", "external_id": "T0833"}, {"source_name": "Stuxnet - Langner - 201311", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.125Z", "name": "Remote Services", "description": "Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms. (Citation: Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer December 2017) (Citation: Dragos December 2017) (Citation: Joe Slowik April 2019) \n\nRemote services could be used to support remote access, data transmission, authentication, name resolution, and other remote functions. Further, remote services may be necessary to allow operators and administrators to configure systems within the network from their engineering or management workstations. An adversary may use this technique to access devices which may be dual-homed (Citation: Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer December 2017) to multiple network segments, and can be used for [Program Download](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843) or to execute attacks on control devices directly through [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0859).\n\nSpecific remote services (RDP & VNC) may be a precursor to enable [Graphical User Interface](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0823) execution on devices such as HMIs or engineering workstation software.\n\nBased on incident data, CISA and FBI assessed that Chinese state-sponsored actors also compromised various authorized remote access channels, including systems designed to transfer data and/or allow access between corporate and ICS networks.  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An I/O module is a device that allows the control system device to either receive or send signals to other devices. These signals can be analog or digital, and may support a number of different protocols. Devices are often able to use attachable I/O modules to increase the number of inputs and outputs that it can utilize. An adversary with access to a device can use native device functions to enumerate I/O modules that are connected to the device. Information regarding the I/O modules can aid the adversary in understanding related control processes.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e2994b6a-122b-4043-b654-7411c5198ec0", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0824", "external_id": "T0824"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.329Z", "name": "Denial of Control", "description": "Adversaries may cause a denial of control to temporarily prevent operators and engineers from interacting with process controls. An adversary may attempt to deny process control access to cause a temporary loss of communication with the control device or to prevent operator adjustment of process controls. An affected process may still be operating during the period of control loss, but not necessarily in a desired state. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay)\n\nIn the 2017 Dallas Siren incident operators were unable to disable the false alarms from the Office of Emergency Management headquarters. 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Assante and Robert M. Lee", "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297"}, {"source_name": "Tyson Macaulay", "description": "Tyson Macaulay Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.528Z", "name": "Modify Alarm Settings", "description": "Adversaries may modify alarm settings to prevent alerts that may inform operators of their presence or to prevent responses to dangerous and unintended scenarios. Reporting messages are a standard part of data acquisition in control systems. Reporting messages are used as a way to transmit system state information and acknowledgements that specific actions have occurred. These messages provide vital information for the management of a physical process, and keep operators, engineers, and administrators aware of the state of system devices and physical processes. \n\nIf an adversary is able to change the reporting settings, certain events could be prevented from being reported. This type of modification can also prevent operators or devices from performing actions to keep the system in a safe state. If critical reporting messages cannot trigger these actions then a [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105) could occur. \n\nIn ICS environments, the adversary may have to use [Alarm Suppression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0878) or contend with multiple alarms and/or alarm propagation to achieve a specific goal to evade detection or prevent intended responses from occurring. (Citation: Jos Wetzels, Marina Krotofil 2019)  Methods of suppression often rely on modification of alarm settings, such as modifying in memory code to fixed values or tampering with assembly level instruction code. 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They may use the protocol associated with the port, or a completely different protocol. They may use commonly open ports, such as the examples provided below. \n \n * TCP:80 (HTTP) \n * TCP:443 (HTTPS) \n * TCP/UDP:53 (DNS) \n * TCP:1024-4999 (OPC on XP/Win2k3) \n * TCP:49152-65535 (OPC on Vista and later) \n * TCP:23 (TELNET) \n * UDP:161 (SNMP) \n * TCP:502 (MODBUS) \n * TCP:102 (S7comm/ISO-TSAP) \n * TCP:20000 (DNP3) \n * TCP:44818 (Ethernet/IP)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Matan Dobrushin - Otorio"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0885", "external_id": "T0885"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.926Z", "name": "Project File Infection", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to infect project files with malicious code. These project files may consist of objects, program organization units, variables such as tags, documentation, and other configurations needed for PLC programs to function. (Citation: Beckhoff) Using built in functions of the engineering software, adversaries may be able to download an infected program to a PLC in the operating environment enabling further [Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0104) and [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0110) techniques. (Citation: PLCdev) \n\nAdversaries may export their own code into project files with conditions to execute at specific intervals. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) Malicious programs allow adversaries control of all aspects of the process enabled by the PLC. Once the project file is downloaded to a PLC the workstation device may be disconnected with the infected project file still executing. (Citation: PLCdev)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Modification"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0873", "external_id": "T0873"}, {"source_name": "Beckhoff", "description": "Beckhoff   TwinCAT 3 Source Control: Project Files Retrieved. 2019/11/21 ", "url": "https://infosys.beckhoff.com/english.php?content=../content/1033/tc3_sourcecontrol/18014398915785483.html&id="}, {"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}, {"source_name": "PLCdev", "description": "PLCdev Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22  Siemens SIMATIC Step 7 Programmer's Handbook Retrieved. 2019/11/21 ", "url": "http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/373"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2024-03-29T14:04:50.569Z", "name": "Network Connection Enumeration", "description": "Adversaries may perform network connection enumeration to discover information about device communication patterns. If an adversary can inspect the state of a network connection with tools, such as Netstat(Citation: Netstat), in conjunction with [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0857), then they can determine the role of certain devices on the network  (Citation: MITRE). The adversary can also use [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0842) to watch network traffic for details about the source, destination, protocol, and content.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: Process Creation", "Script: Script Execution", "Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0840", "external_id": "T0840"}, {"source_name": "MITRE", "description": "MITRE   System Network Connections Discovery Retrieved. 2018/05/31 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1049"}, {"source_name": "Netstat", "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Netstat. Retrieved May 23, 2022.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:13.327Z", "name": "Lateral Tool Transfer", "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of an operation. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK) Copying of files may also be performed laterally between internal victim systems to support Lateral Movement with remote Execution using inherent file sharing protocols such as file sharing over SMB to connected network shares. 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Control system devices often contain modular hardware devices. These devices may have their own set of firmware that is separate from the firmware of the main control system equipment.   \n\nThis technique is similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0857), but is conducted on other system components that may not have the same capabilities or level of integrity checking. Although it results in a device re-image, malicious device firmware may provide persistent access to remaining devices. (Citation: Daniel Peck,  Dale Peterson January 2009)  \n\nAn easy point of access for an adversary is the Ethernet card, which may have its own CPU, RAM, and operating system. The adversary may attack and likely exploit the computer on an Ethernet card. Exploitation of the Ethernet card computer may enable the adversary to accomplish additional attacks, such as the following: (Citation: Daniel Peck,  Dale Peterson January 2009)  \n\n* Delayed Attack - The adversary may stage an attack in advance and choose when to launch it, such as at a particularly damaging time.  \n* Brick the Ethernet Card - Malicious firmware may be programmed to result in an Ethernet card failure, requiring a factory return.  \n* Random Attack or Failure - The adversary may load malicious firmware onto multiple field devices. Execution of an attack and the time it occurs is generated by a pseudo-random number generator.   \n* A Field Device Worm - The adversary may choose to identify all field devices of the same model, with the end goal of performing a device-wide compromise.  \n* Attack Other Cards on the Field Device - Although it is not the most important module in a field device, the Ethernet card is most accessible to the adversary and malware. 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Internet Accessible Devices are exposed to the internet unintentionally or intentionally without adequate protections. This may allow for adversaries to move directly into the control system network. Access onto these devices is accomplished without the use of exploits, these would be represented within the [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0819) technique.\n\nAdversaries may leverage built in functions for remote access which may not be protected or utilize minimal legacy protections that may be targeted. (Citation: NCCIC January 2014) These services may be discoverable through the use of online scanning tools. \n\nIn the case of the Bowman dam incident, adversaries leveraged access to the dam control network through a cellular modem. Access to the device was protected by password authentication, although the application was vulnerable to brute forcing. (Citation: NCCIC January 2014) (Citation: Danny Yadron December 2015) (Citation: Mark Thompson March 2016)\n\nIn Trend Micros manufacturing deception operations adversaries were detected leveraging direct internet access to an ICS environment through the exposure of operational protocols such as Siemens S7, Omron FINS, and EtherNet/IP, in addition to misconfigured VNC access. 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This can include sensitive data such as specifications, schematics, or diagrams of control system layouts, devices, and processes.\n\nAdversaries may do this using [Command-Line Interface](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0807) or [Scripting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853) techniques to interact with the file system to gather information. Adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0802) on the local system. 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Depending on the device, the modification or addition of this password could prevent any device configuration actions from being accomplished and may require a factory reset or replacement of hardware. These credentials are often built-in features provided by the device vendors as a means to restrict access to management interfaces.\n\nAn adversary with access to valid or hardcoded credentials could change the credential to prevent future authorized device access. Change Credential may be especially damaging when paired with other techniques such as Modify Program, Data Destruction, or Modify Controller Tasking. In these cases, a device\u2019s configuration may be destroyed or include malicious actions for the process environment, which cannot not be removed through normal device configuration actions. \n\nAdditionally, recovery of the device and original configuration may be difficult depending on the features provided by the device. In some cases, these passwords cannot be removed onsite and may require that the device be sent back to the vendor for additional recovery steps.\n\n\nA chain of incidents occurred in Germany, where adversaries locked operators out of their building automation system (BAS) controllers by enabling a previously unset BCU key. 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Integrity checks, which typically include cryptographic hashes or digital signatures, should be compared to those obtained at known valid states, especially after events like device reboots, program downloads, or program restarts.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcf91ebc-f316-4e19-b2f6-444e9940c697", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--04aad4a8-8b8c-45d9-bb34-508fe4792863", "created": "2023-09-28T20:29:11.776Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:29:11.776Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--04bf72de-75ba-4d95-ad24-f93ad835180c", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Booz Allen Hamilton", "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton   When The Lights Went Out Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:54:26.520Z", "description": "[KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) erases the master boot record (MBR) and system logs, leaving the system unusable. 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Consider correlating alarms with other data sources that indicate traffic has been blocked, such as network traffic. In cases where alternative methods of communicating with outstations exist alarms may still be visible even if messages over serial COM ports are blocked.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--4c12c1c8-bcef-4daf-8e5b-fca235f71d9e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0750563d-a86c-4822-ab9c-0f2d3c304c6e", "created": "2023-09-28T21:28:51.104Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:28:51.104Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, 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"x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--07f4d65d-4572-450f-8cb2-908fee97bd67", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.228Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Application control may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--4fa717d9-cabe-47c8-8cdd-86e9e2e37f30", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--08302021-aacf-428f-a0ce-e1034d925fb0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.115Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Develop a robust cyber threat intelligence capability to determine what types and levels of threat may use software exploits and 0-days against a particular organization.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d48b79b2-076d-483e-949c-0d38aa347499", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--088580e9-ccea-426e-9411-c1de60de650d", 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Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0ba1db3a-389a-4937-975b-d2dc0142cb4b", "created": "2023-09-29T18:46:22.739Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:46:22.739Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0bc90405-24a9-4f84-a1bb-bf953dbca016", "created": "2023-09-28T20:10:34.479Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:10:34.479Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0beb0088-3bea-4612-b2d9-ff9988f829ae", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Jacqueline O'Leary et al. 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While the target is visiting a legitimate website, a malware dropper is being downloaded from the threat actors infrastructure. (Citation: Orkhan Mamedov, Fedor Sinitsyn, Anton Ivanov October 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c284ce0-0be2-4164-b686-7c383b246aec", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Research Whitepapers September 2018", "description": "ESET Research Whitepapers 2018, September LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Intel", "description": "Intel ESET Research Whitepapers 2018, September LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group Retrieved. 2020/09/25  Intel Hardware-based Security Technologies for Intelligent Retail Devices Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/security-technologies-4th-gen-core-retail-paper.pdf"}, {"source_name": "N/A", "description": "N/A   Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-21T13:19:56.151Z", "description": "Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. (Citation: N/A) Move system's root of trust to hardware to prevent tampering with the SPI flash memory. (Citation: ESET Research Whitepapers September 2018) Technologies such as Intel Boot Guard can assist with this. (Citation: Intel)\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--8ac1d6e1-b07f-476a-9732-84984ebc2405", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c4aaf6c-4b72-401f-950b-6d65ceb1267a", "created": "2022-09-27T15:49:26.908Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T15:49:26.908Z", "description": "Monitor asset application logs for information that indicate task parameters have changed.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a61657-46e1-439e-b3ed-3e4556a78243", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c72593d-fcc6-4023-8771-bed5e243310e", "created": "2023-09-28T21:24:37.417Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:24:37.417Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c9ed09d-4ce3-4e65-845a-c21dcc5d956f", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.070Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide an alternative method for sending critical commands message to outstations, this could include using radio/cell communication to send messages to a field technician that physically performs the control function.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0cab29c6-d196-47b0-8621-10ac3c8a95d8", "created": "2023-09-28T19:51:27.775Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:51:27.775Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8bb4538f-f16f-49f0-a431-70b5444c7349", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d305450-d5ca-46fe-8583-36c983dd0a88", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:43:33.144Z", "description": "Monitor ICS management protocols for functions that change an asset\u2019s operating mode.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d4f2f88-e176-42c7-8258-52b345045662", "created": "2022-09-28T20:29:51.844Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA-AA22-103A", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2022, May 25). Alert (AA22-103A) APT Cyber Tools Targeting ICS/SCADA Devices. Retrieved September 28, 2022.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-103a"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T15:17:08.493Z", "description": "[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) can remotely send commands to a malicious agent uploaded on Omron PLCs over HTTP or HTTPS.(Citation: CISA-AA22-103A) ", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d52eea3-394e-492b-944b-9ccb6348329d", "created": "2023-09-28T21:14:41.633Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:14:41.633Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d540b53-6a5d-4f56-9dee-47707443b149", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-30T16:00:14.208Z", "description": "Monitor ICS automation network protocols for functions related to reading an operational process state (e.g., \u201cRead\u201d function codes in protocols like DNP3 or Modbus). In some cases, there may be multiple ways to monitor an operational process\u2019 state, one of which is typically used in the operational environment. Monitor for the operating mode being checked in unexpected ways.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d8e0324-ba8e-4712-a123-60377afe94da", "created": "2023-09-29T18:48:17.073Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:48:17.073Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0dbf48f3-4579-4ca2-aceb-19d3e0449136", "created": "2023-09-29T17:57:12.010Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:57:12.010Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--3a95f7e4-4877-4967-b2e8-e287976c3e64", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0dca1f7d-9965-467a-bea5-b8baa7c8b9fc", "created": "2022-09-26T14:27:28.370Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:27:28.370Z", "description": "Various techniques enable spoofing a reporting message. Consider monitoring for [Rogue Master](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848) and [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0830) activity which may precede this technique.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0df0cb6d-0067-48b2-a33e-495415713ab7", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.181Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for device management should authenticate all network messages to prevent unauthorized system changes.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e191d66-fe38-4f28-ad82-6922bd6bcc81", "created": "2024-04-09T20:58:17.933Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-09T20:58:17.933Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--fab8fc7d-f27f-4fbb-9de6-44740aade05f", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e263b73-a033-4fac-9d6d-076ab8f8b954", "created": "2023-09-29T16:27:50.949Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:27:50.949Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e275c19-7688-47f8-8cd5-85eaacec465b", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:34:04.450Z", "description": "Monitor industrial process history data for events that correspond with command message functions, such as setpoint modification or changes to system status for key devices. This will not directly detect the technique\u2019s execution, but instead may provide additional evidence that the technique has been used and may complement other detections.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--931b3fc6-ad68-42a8-9018-e98515eedc95", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e29f62d-4ffc-47ec-9623-72f874fbe905", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:09:52.454Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) renames s7otbxdx.dll, a dll responsible for handling communications with a PLC. It replaces this dll file with its own version that allows it to intercept any calls that are made to access the PLC. 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(2023, December 1). IRGC-Affiliated Cyber Actors Exploit PLCs in Multiple Sectors, Including U.S. Water and Wastewater Systems Facilities. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-335a"}, {"source_name": "CISA Unitronics November 2023", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2023, November 28). Exploitation of Unitronics PLCs used in Water and Wastewater Systems. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2023/11/28/exploitation-unitronics-plcs-used-water-and-wastewater-systems"}, {"source_name": "Frank Bajak and Marc Levy December 2023", "description": "Frank Bajak and Marc Levy. (2023, December 2). Breaches by Iran-affiliated hackers spanned multiple U.S. states, federal agencies say. 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Retrieved. 2017/09/19 ", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T18:00:39.796Z", "description": "[PLC-Blaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1006) utilizes the PLC communication and management API to load executable Program Organization Units. 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(Citation: Novetta Threat Research Group February 2016) Highly targeted spear phishing campaigns have been conducted against a U.S. electric grid company. 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Local network traffic metadata could be used to identify unexpected connections, including unknown/unexpected source MAC addresses connecting to ports associated with operational protocols. Also, network management protocols such as DHCP and ARP may be helpful in identifying unexpected devices. 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(2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \u201cTRITON\u201d and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. 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(Citation: Microsoft Security Response Center August 2017) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. 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This will not directly detect the technique\u2019s execution, but instead may provide additional evidence that the technique has been used and may complement other detections.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--931b3fc6-ad68-42a8-9018-e98515eedc95", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e7089d3-fba2-44f8-94a8-9a79c53920c4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d005ed8-77d3-4fed-9dd5-7e39ba8cb50a", "created": "2021-04-13T12:45:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:12:08.899Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) calls system function blocks which are part of the operating system running on the PLC. 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g., monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d3c5d24-be5c-42e8-98ca-3b04382df39a", "created": "2023-09-28T21:26:11.506Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:26:11.506Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d4ea0e2-9f51-40f9-a22b-8265f696fd83", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T19:19:04.853Z", "description": "Monitor logon activity for unexpected or unusual access to devices from the Internet.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--39b9db72-8b48-4595-a18d-db5bbba3091b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f8df6b57-14bc-425f-9a91-6f59f6799307", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d676c1b-2650-4599-8a57-790c55f9977d", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.109Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize the exposure of API calls that allow the execution of code.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--4fa717d9-cabe-47c8-8cdd-86e9e2e37f30", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3da977ab-c863-4e6f-a5b7-68173160da00", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.166Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Filter for protocols and payloads associated with firmware activation or updating activity.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--11f242bc-3121-438c-84b2-5cbd46a4bb17", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3db8d8d2-89bb-4241-afeb-9b9332aac78e", "created": "2024-03-28T14:31:06.217Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018", "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-10T15:00:51.312Z", "description": "In the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030), [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) used a publicly available PowerShell-based tool, WMImplant.(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--45a98f02-852f-49b2-94c0-c63207bebbbf", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3dc3aec5-0056-46e8-8073-a7e32d3d929d", "created": "2022-09-30T15:28:37.614Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-30T15:28:37.614Z", "description": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. 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June 2017", "description": "Dragos Inc. 2017, June 13 Industroyer - Dragos - 201706: Analysis of the Threat to Electic Grid Operations Retrieved. 2017/09/18 ", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:16:26.262Z", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) attempts to connect with a hardcoded internal proxy on TCP 3128 [default Squid proxy]. If established, the backdoor attempts to reach an external C2 server via the internal proxy. (Citation: Dragos Inc. 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(2023, November 9). Sandworm Disrupts Power in Ukraine Using a Novel Attack Against Operational Technology. 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(Citation: Wikipedia) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for all software or services targeted.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--49363b74-d506-4342-bd63-320586ebadb9", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--483719ad-c973-4210-b059-14e87dbd45f8", "created": "2023-09-28T19:49:43.417Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:49:43.417Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--48489baf-56c2-423e-964a-0a61688e4a19", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.224Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform inline allowlisting of automation protocol commands  to prevent devices from sending unauthorized command or reporting messages. 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(2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. 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Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--57e8711a-9aae-4a22-94d4-f4c8a3a8f141", "created": "2023-03-31T18:12:35.414Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). 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For example, ChangeServiceConfigW may be used by an adversary to prevent services from starting. 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(2022, April 12). Industroyer2: Industroyer reloaded. Retrieved March 30, 2023.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/04/12/industroyer2-industroyer-reloaded/"}, {"source_name": "Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022", "description": "Forescout. (2022, July 14). Industroyer2 and  INCONTROLLER In-depth Technical Analysis of the Most Recent ICS-specific Malware. 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(2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/"}, {"source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a"}, {"source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019", "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/"}, {"source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020", "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft Ransomware as a Service", "description": "Microsoft. (2022, May 9). Ransomware as a service: Understanding the cybercrime gig economy and how to protect yourself. Retrieved March 10, 2023.", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/05/09/ransomware-as-a-service-understanding-the-cybercrime-gig-economy-and-how-to-protect-yourself/"}, {"source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020", "description": "Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. 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Retrieved November 6, 2020.", "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/"}, {"source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020", "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/"}, {"source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020", "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-12-04T20:04:07.781Z", "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)(Citation: Mandiant FIN12 Oct 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Ransomware as a Service)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", "target_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--68d30c45-766f-48b6-9405-0c969243332b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.214Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All devices or systems changes, including all administrative functions, should require authentication. 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While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically secure and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used. 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(2022, April 25). INDUSTROYER.V2: Old Malware Learns New Tricks. Retrieved March 30, 2023.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/industroyer-v2-old-malware-new-tricks"}, {"source_name": "Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022", "description": "Forescout. (2022, July 14). Industroyer2 and  INCONTROLLER In-depth Technical Analysis of the Most Recent ICS-specific Malware. Retrieved March 30, 2023.", "url": "https://www.forescout.com/resources/industroyer2-and-incontroller-report/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-04-06T22:10:36.267Z", "description": "[Industroyer2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1072) is capable of sending command messages from the compromised device to target remote stations to open data channels, retrieve the location and values of Information Object Addresses (IOAs), and modify the IO state values through Select Before Operate I/O, Select/Execute, and Invert Default State operations.(Citation: Industroyer2 Mandiant April 2022)(Citation: Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--6a0d0ea9-b2c4-43fe-a552-ac41a3009dc5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6aa080d0-6e25-46e5-91d8-4af11f01ceef", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T18:41:05.273Z", "description": "Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. 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Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.  Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6ad3b5cc-7ba1-4287-8c05-d02385f84f72", "created": "2023-09-29T16:31:22.789Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:31:22.789Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b0e8f60-ecdf-4140-9741-5b50df67353c", "created": "2024-03-25T20:06:37.050Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA AA23-335A IRGC-Affiliated December 2023", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2023, December 1). IRGC-Affiliated Cyber Actors Exploit PLCs in Multiple Sectors, Including U.S. Water and Wastewater Systems Facilities. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-335a"}, {"source_name": "Lisa Zahner December 2023", "description": "Lisa Zahner. (2023, December 15). Hackers in Iran attack computer at Vero Utilities. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://veronews.com/2023/12/15/hackers-in-iran-attack-computer-at-vero-utilities/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-15T21:12:44.100Z", "description": "During the [Unitronics Defacement Campaign](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0031), the [CyberAv3ngers](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1027) exploited devices connected to the public internet, such as internet connected Unitronics [Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)](https://attack.mitre.org/assets/A0003) with [Human-Machine Interface (HMI)](https://attack.mitre.org/assets/A0002) and networking equipment such as cellular modems found in OT environments.(Citation: CISA AA23-335A IRGC-Affiliated December 2023)(Citation: Lisa Zahner December 2023)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--8fda050f-470d-4401-994e-35c1a6c301de", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f8df6b57-14bc-425f-9a91-6f59f6799307", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b54f354-9059-4366-8077-87360c4db2ab", "created": "2023-10-02T20:18:20.019Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-10-02T20:18:20.019Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--2b676abd-8263-49ea-81a4-78a7e1f776fe", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b5d2643-b399-43aa-8ab1-7557a0446b07", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.147Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Only authorized personnel should be able to change settings for alarms.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b5fd6d8-ef70-4896-b1a4-7b6c29c3a0d4", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.101Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b987f2a-3d07-4791-9c1c-e4f6818521e8", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T16:44:06.211Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to Windows Registry keys or values that may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware. For added context on adversary procedures and background see [Indicator Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070) and applicable sub-techniques.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6baa9172-04e4-416d-a009-668cda23fd5d", "created": "2021-10-08T15:25:32.143Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-19T17:13:18.889Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) will store and execute SQL code that will extract and execute Stuxnet from the saved CAB file using xp_cmdshell with the following command: `set @s = master..xp _ cmdshell extrac32 /y +@t+ +@t+x; exec(@s);` (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6be102a8-5d9c-494e-a8ce-7b0a1c86a863", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:40:22.279Z", "description": "Monitor for contextual file data that may show signs of deletion or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6be3917c-aad7-4a3f-bea2-23e4ba4310ee", "created": "2022-09-29T14:26:04.715Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-29T14:26:04.715Z", "description": "Monitor network traffic for hardcoded credential use in protocols that allow unencrypted authentication.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c9a8d958-fcdb-40d2-af4c-461c8031651a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6be4cef2-3d54-4cd8-97df-8a8b37c03605", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.089Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize central storage servers for critical operations where possible (e.g., historians) and keep remote backups. For outstations, use local redundant storage for event recorders. Have backup control system platforms, preferably as hot-standbys to respond immediately to data destruction events. 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Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--730580d4-d68c-407f-9d09-f379e9aefc7e", "created": "2023-03-30T19:25:41.475Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022", "description": "Forescout. (2022, July 14). Industroyer2 and  INCONTROLLER In-depth Technical Analysis of the Most Recent ICS-specific Malware. 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For added context on adversary procedures and background see [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) and applicable sub-techniques.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--77566f94-5e26-41c9-892f-2f62b395afe7", "created": "2023-09-28T20:01:43.057Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:01:43.057Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--77821dbb-367e-455f-bcae-b87412e88f1b", "created": "2022-09-26T16:56:53.939Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:56:53.940Z", "description": "Monitor asset management systems for device configuration changes which can be used to understand expected parameter settings.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--b05a614b-033c-4578-b4f2-c63a9feee706", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--77f3a64d-227d-487f-8484-89007e05b59f", "created": "2023-09-28T21:16:14.153Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:16:14.153Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--78881a3d-59ad-4fbb-8bd2-69388a068584", "created": "2023-09-29T18:01:45.518Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:01:45.518Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--3a95f7e4-4877-4967-b2e8-e287976c3e64", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--788a2994-f3fd-4ac4-9ef3-06a72a4e1631", "created": "2023-09-28T21:09:33.225Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:09:33.225Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--78972893-5d8c-480f-a05d-481adc0c8bb0", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:12:25.316Z", "description": "Monitor ICS automation network protocols for functions related to reading an asset\u2019s operating mode. In some cases, there may be multiple ways to detect a device\u2019s operating mode, one of which is typically used in the operational environment. Monitor for the operating mode being checked in unexpected ways.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7912946d-1605-465a-a55c-36bb104235ab", "created": "2022-09-27T16:08:53.157Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T16:08:53.157Z", "description": "Monitor device alarms that indicate the program has changed, although not all devices produce such alarms.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9d56be63-3501-4dd3-bb5f-63c580833298", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fc5fda7e-6b2c-4457-b036-759896a2efa2", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--792324b4-064a-430c-8ffc-7f7acd537778", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Symantec", "description": "Symantec   W32.Duqu The precursor to the next Stuxnet Retrieved. 2019/11/03 ", "url": "https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/w32-duqu-11-en"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:44:27.955Z", "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038)'s purpose is to gather intelligence data and assets from entities such as industrial infrastructure and system manufacturers, amongst others not in the industrial sector, in order to more easily conduct a future attack against another third party.(Citation: Symantec)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79235599-e23f-43cb-9c56-1eb22b7c4664", "created": "2023-09-29T16:38:38.201Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:38:38.201Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--69d1b1ef-e918-4cfd-9a98-29debd04cb32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79324bdd-cdab-4d0a-af60-af1047c1d117", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-08T22:25:35.287Z", "description": "All field controllers should require users to authenticate for all remote or local management sessions. The authentication mechanisms should also support [Account Use Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0936), [Password Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927), and [User Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918).", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79407d1e-8e16-48c1-939c-ad92f91dd988", "created": "2023-09-29T16:30:19.141Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:30:19.141Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--798919d3-df8b-463f-b2be-4c1aa8089384", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2021-10-14T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.226Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment and control software movement between business and OT environments by way of one directional DMZs. Web access should be restricted from the OT environment. Engineering workstations, including transient cyber assets (TCAs) should have minimal connectivity to external networks, including Internet and email, further limit the extent to which these devices are dual-homed to multiple networks. 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(Citation: Kevin Savage and Branko Spasojevic)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79fccaf1-3592-4af0-8a47-1d325b9fd5a4", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.808Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:46:05.831Z", "description": "Monitor for newly constructed web-based network connections that are sent to malicious or suspicious destinations (e.g., destinations attributed to phishing campaigns). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments (e.g., monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate network connections or unusual connections initiated by regsvr32.exe, rundll.exe, SCF, HTA, MSI, DLLs, or msiexec.exe). ", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--181a9f8c-c780-4f1f-91a8-edb770e904ba", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7a55fc66-0d5c-4ef6-af28-d4a4bb84381d", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Hydro", "description": "Hydro Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16  Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://www.hydro.com/en/media/on-the-agenda/cyber-attack/"}, {"source_name": "Kevin Beaumont", "description": "Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://doublepulsar.com/how-lockergoga-took-down-hydro-ransomware-used-in-targeted-attacks-aimed-at-big-business-c666551f5880"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:56:48.612Z", "description": "Some of Norsk Hydro's production systems were impacted by a [LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) infection. This resulted in a loss of view which forced the company to switch to manual operations. (Citation: Kevin Beaumont) (Citation: Hydro)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7a79ff35-319a-4e7d-b8c7-72f0bb0f8978", "created": "2022-09-26T14:29:33.111Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:29:33.111Z", "description": "Various techniques enable spoofing a reporting message. Monitor for LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning via new services/daemons which may be used to enable this technique. For added context on adversary procedures and background see [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7aa93b40-80da-4bb6-8a7c-88e5f5e44669", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.157Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for device management should authenticate all network messages to prevent unauthorized system changes.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7b1e00af-11fb-4862-a193-55dc9b6652c0", "created": "2023-09-29T16:33:23.456Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:33:23.456Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7b814e39-71fc-4e99-b46f-b24eca6cc780", "created": "2023-09-28T19:45:42.727Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:45:42.727Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7b95b2aa-9561-494f-8e02-d36edc14e38b", "created": "2023-09-29T17:39:54.089Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:39:54.089Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cfe68e93-ce94-4c0f-a57d-3aa72cedd618", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bb1dbec-7314-479a-9496-86f8e25041eb", "created": "2023-09-29T16:40:43.415Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:40:43.416Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--69d1b1ef-e918-4cfd-9a98-29debd04cb32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bbe6ac7-d0fb-40e4-8537-bdded7173f07", "created": "2023-09-29T18:49:01.768Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:49:01.768Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bd46875-7d59-4d65-8f9b-d48d3cb54a84", "created": "2023-09-28T20:07:15.553Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:07:15.553Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bd6e5e4-6614-41ed-8a84-8eb633a91e07", "created": "2023-03-31T17:45:32.860Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-04-07T16:12:03.917Z", "description": "During the [2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0025), [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) utilized VBS and batch scripts for file movement and as wrappers for PowerShell execution.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--aa73efef-1418-4dbe-b43c-87a498e97234", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7be2d11d-87be-4d1c-8f5b-b7e59ad191ea", "created": "2023-09-28T20:07:01.309Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:07:01.309Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bfaf0ff-6d88-460f-aa32-3fb0267b4f20", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.084Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Traffic to known anonymity networks and C2 infrastructure can be blocked through the use of network allow and block lists. It should be noted that this kind of blocking may be circumvented by other techniques likeDomain Fronting.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--11f242bc-3121-438c-84b2-5cbd46a4bb17", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c1eee62-3307-4e25-8a20-919ccd56ec1c", "created": "2022-09-29T01:37:13.671Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Wylie-22", "description": "Jimmy Wylie. (2022, August). Analyzing PIPEDREAM: Challenges in Testing an ICS Attack Toolkit. Defcon 30.", "url": "https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2030/DEF%20CON%2030%20presentations/Jimmy%20Wylie%20-%20Analyzing%20PIPEDREAM%20Challenges%20in%20testing%20an%20ICS%20attack%20toolkit.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Brubaker-Incontroller", "description": "Nathan Brubaker, Keith Lunden, Ken Proska, Muhammad Umair, Daniel Kapellmann Zafra, Corey Hildebrandt, Rob Caldwell. (2022, April 13). INCONTROLLER: New State-Sponsored Cyber Attack Tools Target Multiple Industrial Control Systems. Retrieved September 28, 2022.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/incontroller-state-sponsored-ics-tool"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-13T16:53:47.441Z", "description": "[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) can use the CODESYS protocol to download programs to Schneider PLCs.(Citation: Wylie-22)(Citation: Brubaker-Incontroller) \n\n[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) can modified program logic on Omron PLCs using either the program download or backup transfer functions available through the HTTP server.(Citation: Wylie-22) ", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c2edd6c-5189-4ba9-af3d-bdaff4a699ca", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.080Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removing or restricting features that are unnecessary to an asset's intended function within the control environment.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d0909119-2f71-4923-87db-b649881672d7", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c2f82ff-bde7-4ab8-b6ab-35d7f7f498dd", "created": "2022-09-27T15:27:00.387Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T15:27:00.387Z", "description": "Networking devices such as switches may log when new client devices connect (e.g., SNMP notifications). Monitor for any logs documenting changes to network connection status to determine when a new connection has occurred, including the resulting addresses (e.g., IP, MAC) of devices on that network.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35392fb4-a31d-4c6a-b9f2-1c65b7f5e6b9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c329018-b591-42c4-8806-4d02ccd47476", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:55:36.262Z", "description": "Monitor executed commands and arguments for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line arguments that may be used in support of remote transfer of files.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c3b65e8-e8b7-4c3b-b27b-e216986d8976", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET 2017, June 12 Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems Retrieved. 2017/09/15 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:26:34.069Z", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) toggles breakers to the open state utilizing unauthorized command messages. (Citation: Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c433b29-0ad3-4574-990f-e3d6291e7f23", "created": "2023-09-29T18:48:29.126Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:48:29.126Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c85bff0-8f70-479e-9365-fef1e3fe2b95", "created": "2022-09-27T17:22:27.241Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-03-29T14:05:12.676Z", "description": "Monitor for any suspicious attempts to enable script execution on a system. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c893581-c847-495a-aa93-9d98c516e1ae", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:13:43.688Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603)'s infection sequence consists of code blocks and data blocks that will be downloaded to the PLC to alter its behavior. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7cd47eb6-e73a-4a0b-a62e-7e066090b804", "created": "2024-03-27T19:55:40.243Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Mandiant-Sandworm-Ukraine-2022", "description": "Ken Proska, John Wolfram, Jared Wilson, Dan Black, Keith Lunden, Daniel Kapellmann Zafra, Nathan Brubaker, Tyler Mclellan, Chris Sistrunk. (2023, November 9). Sandworm Disrupts Power in Ukraine Using a Novel Attack Against Operational Technology. Retrieved March 28, 2024.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/sandworm-disrupts-power-ukraine-operational-technology"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-17T15:20:07.527Z", "description": "During the [2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0034), [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) used the MicroSCADA SCIL-API to specify a set of SCADA instructions, including the sending of unauthorized commands to substation devices.(Citation: Mandiant-Sandworm-Ukraine-2022)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--df8eb785-70f8-4300-b444-277ba849083d", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d0ec383-4c5d-474d-9262-3f3c0d6c05b1", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.072Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure devices have an alternative method for communicating in the event that a valid COM port is unavailable.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d2db896-3051-483c-bc53-ca21832ee085", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:47:23.983Z", "description": "Monitor network traffic for suspicious email attachments. Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g., monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)). Use web proxies to review content of emails including sender information, headers, and attachments for potentially malicious content.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d3ef0e3-560c-4e46-a0b4-dd1efc29e835", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:39:20.443Z", "description": "Monitor for anomalies related to discovery related ICS functions, including devices that have not previously used these functions or for functions being sent to many outstations. Note that some ICS protocols use broadcast or multicast functionality, which may produce false positives. Also monitor for hosts enumerating network connected resources using non-ICS enterprise protocols.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d42ba22-9595-4463-8dda-c0e47a154fed", "created": "2023-09-28T20:07:48.301Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:07:48.301Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d5759cd-890e-4ec5-b92b-aba225d52960", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-21T13:49:40.767Z", "description": "Authenticate connections fromsoftware and devices to prevent unauthorized systems from accessing protected management functions.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--72e46e53-e12d-4106-9c70-33241b6ed549", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d66eae7-0dd4-4d21-ab07-8f7e350a7105", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:14:40.227Z", "description": "Monitor executed commands and arguments to services specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as RDP, Telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform these actions using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0859).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e1f9cdd2-9511-4fca-90d7-f3e92cfdd0bf", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d6c4a00-acde-40af-bf91-a4ef009cf135", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-08T22:29:53.545Z", "description": "Devices that allow remote management of firmware should require authentication before allowing any changes. The authentication mechanisms should also support [Account Use Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0936), [Password Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927), and [User Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918).", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d752615-33f0-44ed-a156-25d84f384e75", "created": "2023-09-27T14:57:11.627Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/3891751/SANS-and-Electricity-Information-Sharing-and.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-10-04T17:03:24.261Z", "description": "During the [2015 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0028), power company phone line operators were hit with a denial of service attack so that they couldn\u2019t field customers\u2019 calls about outages. Operators were also denied service to their downstream devices when their serial-to-ethernet converters had their firmware overwritten, which bricked the devices. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--46421788-b6e1-4256-b351-f8beffd1afba", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7dad75e6-f569-4bb9-ad75-5eda55dff0b1", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:54:12.966Z", "description": "Monitor for API calls (such as GetAdaptersInfo() and GetIpNetTable()) that may gather details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses. Also monitor for API calls that may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. For added context on adversary procedures and background see [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) and [System Network Connections Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7db9687b-7099-4cb6-a040-bc32fc549a81", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.195Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7dd11d5e-1c1c-4f94-b4bf-4fd59988539b", "created": "2024-04-09T20:53:54.209Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-09T20:53:54.209Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--fab8fc7d-f27f-4fbb-9de6-44740aade05f", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7dedeb73-ef90-4282-a635-cc37326773af", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.083Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014", "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S 2014, February Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting Retrieved. 2016/04/20 ", "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7e87ce08-a428-4e55-876e-80d2760121a5", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.803Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:37:35.099Z", "description": "Monitor executed commands and arguments for actions that could be taken to collect internal data.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7ebee5d3-ce7f-436c-8b4a-087363d6b858", "created": "2023-09-29T16:32:46.335Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:32:46.335Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7ed1ad67-942a-424e-ad81-8b69a4f0c706", "created": "2023-09-28T20:28:16.122Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:28:16.122Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7efa1a31-da21-4925-aab0-96a012d5b2a7", "created": "2023-09-29T17:43:22.756Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:43:22.756Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7f1e688d-65f7-4737-a4ba-ee482710f8ec", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T18:40:55.168Z", "description": "Monitor for application logging, messaging, and/or other artifacts that may result from  Denial of Service (DoS) attacks which degrade or block the availability of services to users. In addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7f3ab726-ca49-4d47-b2b5-6246c6e4fdd3", "created": "2022-09-26T15:24:07.122Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T15:24:07.122Z", "description": "Monitor asset application logs which may provide information about requests for points or tags. Look for anomalies related to reading point or tag data, such as new assets using these functions, changes in volume or timing, or unusual information being queried. Many devices provide multiple ways to achieve the same result (e.g., functions with/without an acknowledgment or functions that operate on a single point vs. multiple points). Monitor for changes in the functions used.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7fc9fbfc-ab9f-4189-bc1f-d473e9ef36b5", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.071Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize network allowlists to restrict unnecessary connections to network devices (e.g., comm servers, serial to ethernet converters) and services, especially in cases when devices have limits on the number of simultaneous sessions they support.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7fdaa9be-aecf-459f-b028-7c35dc8b6451", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.152Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only designated administrators or engineers can interact with alarm management and alarm configuration thresholds.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e57ebc6d-785f-40c8-adb1-b5b5e09b3b48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7ff12adb-bc9a-42e5-9cbf-613b200c36dc", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.114Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist. (Citation: Dan Goodin March 2017)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--059ba11e-e3dc-49aa-84ca-88197f40d4ea", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Dan Goodin March 2017", "description": "Dan Goodin 2017, March Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--808174b7-3ab0-45b5-963e-5c10dd749e3c", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-21T16:43:45.457Z", "description": "Statically defined ARP entries can prevent manipulation and sniffing of switched network traffic, as some AiTM techniques depend on sending spoofed ARP messages to manipulate network host's dynamic ARP tables.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--52c7a1a9-3a78-4528-a44f-cd7b0fa3541a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--808c57e7-72ef-4860-b9ea-8ea072e2385a", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.098Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--80a69b56-337d-446a-8167-8b9f63083c4f", "created": "2022-09-28T21:24:21.810Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA-AA22-103A", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2022, May 25). Alert (AA22-103A) APT Cyber Tools Targeting ICS/SCADA Devices. Retrieved September 28, 2022.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-103a"}, {"source_name": "Wylie-22", "description": "Jimmy Wylie. (2022, August). Analyzing PIPEDREAM: Challenges in Testing an ICS Attack Toolkit. Defcon 30.", "url": "https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2030/DEF%20CON%2030%20presentations/Jimmy%20Wylie%20-%20Analyzing%20PIPEDREAM%20Challenges%20in%20testing%20an%20ICS%20attack%20toolkit.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-13T16:53:47.442Z", "description": "[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) includes a library that creates Modbus connections with a device to request its device ID.(Citation: CISA-AA22-103A)(Citation: Wylie-22) ", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--80cf98bd-b7dc-45cf-91a6-4ab6b79a7f0b", "created": "2024-03-25T20:17:49.585Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-03-25T20:17:49.585Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1c5cf58c-a34a-40d7-82f4-f987cdfc2b91", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81055366-e78b-40e0-a799-4b536ba03db3", "created": "2023-09-29T18:45:22.474Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:45:22.474Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81117328-e2bb-431c-a1ca-6ba7e6816637", "created": "2022-09-26T16:25:38.511Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:25:38.511Z", "description": "Consult asset management systems to understand expected program versions.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--b05a614b-033c-4578-b4f2-c63a9feee706", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81352e47-4317-45e3-88b9-a97dd2166727", "created": "2024-03-28T14:29:05.074Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \u201cTRITON\u201d and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-10T15:01:17.504Z", "description": "In the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030), [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) downloaded multiple rounds of control logic to the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) controllers through a program append operation.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--45a98f02-852f-49b2-94c0-c63207bebbbf", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--817ae105-3ddf-4766-9d26-ca1ec3c64eb6", "created": "2023-09-28T20:11:42.579Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:11:42.579Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81806f43-c9aa-486e-8032-4e4665ba0d39", "created": "2023-09-29T18:43:13.760Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:43:13.760Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--818ce9d0-8fc2-4a34-a062-f0e6995bdf32", "created": "2023-09-28T21:13:00.330Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:13:00.330Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81add433-49d8-43ec-85d5-f48fe80e56e7", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:44:21.000Z", "description": "Devices that provide user access to the underlying operating system may allow the installation of custom software to monitor OS API execution. Monitoring API calls may generate a significant amount of data and may not be useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of API functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81ca994a-b350-424d-8f39-a0b64aa76260", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.204Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--dc61c280-c29d-44e5-a960-c0dd1623d2ba", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--82b20c35-88c6-49aa-8241-a59512b17b74", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Langer Stuxnet", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved December 7, 2020.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-17T16:00:35.053Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) was able to self-replicate by being spread through removable drives. A willing insider or unknown third party, such as a contractor, may have brought the removable media into the target environment. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) The earliest version of Stuxnet relied on physical installation, infecting target systems when an infected configuration file carried by a USB stick was opened. 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While the vulnerability does not directly cause the restart or shutdown of the device, the device must be restarted manually before it can resume operations. 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If a user opens an uninfected project file using a compromised manager, the file will be infected with Stuxnet code. If an infected project is opened with the Simatic manager, the modified data file will trigger a search for the `xyz.dll` file. If the `xyz.dll` file is not found in any of the specified locations, the malicious DLL will be loaded and executed by the manager. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--8a07f92e-9384-4967-9cd9-ffa08a0e55bf", "created": "2023-03-30T19:01:40.038Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-30T19:01:40.038Z", "description": "Monitor for any suspicious attempts to enable scripts running on a system. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fa3aa267-da22-4bdd-961f-03223322a8d5", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--8a604466-8437-4fe6-b6db-ec8fb05d702a", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET 2017, June 12 Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems Retrieved. 2017/09/15 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:49:59.817Z", "description": "In [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) the first COM port from the configuration file is used for the actual communication and the two other COM ports are just opened to prevent other processes accessing them. Thus, the IEC 101 payload component is able to take over and maintain control of the RTU device. 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Kapellmann Zafra, Nathan Brubaker, Tyler Mclellan, Chris Sistrunk. (2023, November 9). Sandworm Disrupts Power in Ukraine Using a Novel Attack Against Operational Technology. Retrieved March 28, 2024.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/sandworm-disrupts-power-ukraine-operational-technology"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-17T15:20:25.327Z", "description": "During the [2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0034), [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) executed a MicroSCADA application binary `scilc.exe` to send a predefined list of SCADA instructions specified in a file defined by the adversary, `s1.txt`. 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(Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--622fe4d4-0e8e-4d17-9c25-6c9cef1f15d5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Keith Stouffer May 2015", "description": "Keith Stouffer 2015, May Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2018/03/28 ", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7a2790e-d5ba-4a46-bde3-c698c6ae52ac", "created": "2023-09-28T19:41:16.927Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:41:16.927Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7a4b080-e4a6-4c46-b2c7-84119df76393", "created": "2022-09-26T14:43:24.136Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL", "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:49:34.799Z", "description": "Monitor for newly executed processes that can be used to discover remote systems, such as ping.exe and tracert.exe, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL) Consider monitoring for new processes engaging in scanning activity or connecting to multiple systems by correlating process creation network data.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7ca9443-f833-4636-9c30-fcaddd3516c6", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:33:22.909Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to Windows registry keys and/or values that may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7caa7f2-cfb9-4fc9-ae8d-49349b6c260f", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-25T20:42:02.105Z", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the download of programs, including online edits and program appends, to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7fb3abd-c800-408e-8329-2a4f6256ea4a", "created": "2022-09-29T14:27:05.757Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-29T14:27:05.757Z", "description": "Monitor logon sessions for hardcoded credential use, when feasible.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c9a8d958-fcdb-40d2-af4c-461c8031651a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7fbe555-a61b-4b93-bfb2-8e0dd0d6323e", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.126Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider utilizing jump boxes for external remote access. Additionally, dynamic account management may be used to easily remove accounts when not in use.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e57ebc6d-785f-40c8-adb1-b5b5e09b3b48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a82e9f8a-f81e-407a-b284-e0ae5f055c61", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:39:30.850Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to a file may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a846dbe5-9ef3-4fb6-93d5-f764671a75c8", "created": "2021-04-11T14:06:54.109Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ICS CERT September 2018", "description": "ICS CERT 2018, September 06 Advantech/Broadwin WebAccess RPC Vulnerability (Update B) Retrieved. 2019/12/05 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/ICSA-11-094-02B"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT December 2014", "description": "ICS-CERT 2014, December 10 ICS Alert (ICS-ALERT-14-281-01E) Ongoing Sophisticated Malware Campaign Compromising ICS (Update E) Retrieved. 2019/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-14-281-01B"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T16:59:07.486Z", "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) actors exploited vulnerabilities in GE's Cimplicity HMI and Advantech/Broadwin WebAccess HMI software which had been directly exposed to the internet. (Citation: ICS-CERT December 2014) (Citation: ICS CERT September 2018)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a847aa03-ea56-47d1-8f4e-f9e0dd9707a0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.125Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removal of remote services which are not regularly in use, or only enabling them when required (e.g., vendor remote access). Ensure all external remote access point (e.g., jump boxes, VPN concentrator) are configured with least functionality, especially the removal of unnecessary services. (Citation: Department of Homeland Security September 2016)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d0909119-2f71-4923-87db-b649881672d7", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security September 2016", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2016, September Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a84dd2f5-d4f4-44c1-ba51-4804f40576e1", "created": "2023-09-28T20:28:27.970Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:28:27.970Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a86cee0a-dc49-4c95-b5dc-37405337490b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.079Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Authenticate all access to field controllers before authorizing access to, or modification of, a device's state, logic, or programs. 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At the network layer, protocols such as the Parallel Redundancy Protocol can be used to simultaneously use redundant and diverse communication over a local network. (Citation: M. Rentschler and H. Heine)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--f0f5c87a-a58d-440a-b3b5-ca679d98c6dd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "external_references": [{"source_name": "M. Rentschler and H. Heine", "description": "M. Rentschler and H. 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(2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \u201cTRITON\u201d and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-10T15:01:54.735Z", "description": "In the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030), [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) would programmatically return the controller to a normal running state if the [Triton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1009) malware failed. If the controller could not recover in a defined time window, [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) programmatically overwrote their malicious program with invalid data.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--45a98f02-852f-49b2-94c0-c63207bebbbf", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b064068a-9e17-4ac8-9a92-a1338d7196c7", "created": "2022-09-27T15:30:18.604Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T15:30:18.604Z", "description": "Monitor logs from installed applications (e.g., historian logs) for unexpected commands or abuse of system features.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b07e6896-a840-49a1-8d58-94396a902b95", "created": "2023-03-31T17:56:07.978Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. 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Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment. 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As noted in the technique description, there may be multiple sources of alarms in an ICS environment. Discrepancies between alarms may indicate the adversary is suppressing some but not all the alarms in the environment. This will not directly detect the technique\u2019s execution, but instead may provide additional evidence that the technique has been used and may complement other detections.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9d56be63-3501-4dd3-bb5f-63c580833298", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2900bbd8-308a-4274-b074-5b8bde8347bc", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b1921480-8499-46a9-8396-2a2d747c5861", "created": "2023-09-28T19:58:00.892Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:58:00.892Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b1d993d5-9e7e-4043-a651-07c7b5ad5a6b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.228Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "If a link is being visited by a user, network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious downloads can be used to block activity.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b21e0340-976d-44b2-94ae-f777199993c6", "created": "2023-09-28T19:39:00.326Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:39:00.326Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b252a076-6d4e-49f5-95ac-16264ef05b1d", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov", "description": "Anton Cherepanov   BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry Retrieved. 2019/10/29 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:55:06.661Z", "description": "[KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) is able to delete system files to make the system unbootable and targets 35 different types of files for deletion. 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Consider correlating alarms with other data sources that indicate traffic has been blocked, such as network traffic. In cases where alternative methods of communicating with outstations exist alarms may still be visible even if command messages are blocked.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--4c12c1c8-bcef-4daf-8e5b-fca235f71d9e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b4b698a7-b80e-41f6-8ca2-a954270cceb3", "created": "2022-09-27T17:37:02.670Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nzyme Alerts Intro", "description": "Koopmann, Lennart. (n.d.). Nzyme Alerts Introduction. Retrieved September 26, 2022.", "url": "https://www.nzyme.org/docs/alerts/intro"}, {"source_name": "Wireless Intrusion Detection", "description": "Tomko, A.; Rieser, C; Buell, H.; Zeret, D.; Turner, W.. (2007, March). Wireless Intrusion Detection. Retrieved September 26, 2022.", "url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA466332.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T17:37:02.670Z", "description": "Purely passive network sniffing cannot be detected effectively. In cases where the adversary interacts with the wireless network (e.g., joining a Wi-Fi network) detection may be possible. Monitor for new or irregular network traffic flows which may indicate potentially unwanted devices or sessions on wireless networks.  In Wi-Fi networks monitor for changes such as rogue access points or low signal strength, indicating a device is further away from the access point then expected and changes in the physical layer signal.(Citation: Nzyme Alerts Intro) (Citation: Wireless Intrusion Detection)  Network traffic content will provide important context, such as hardware (e.g., MAC) addresses, user accounts, and types of messages sent.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0fe075d5-beac-4d02-b93e-0f874997db72", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b4bb8bd7-8984-45de-888f-45c51ab157fa", "created": "2023-09-29T17:45:55.581Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:45:55.581Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b4efcbe0-ffe3-4d9a-8dba-570e68494af1", "created": "2023-03-10T20:10:23.377Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Marshall Abrams July 2008", "description": "Marshall Abrams 2008, July 23 Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study Maroochy Water Services, Australia Retrieved. 2018/03/27 ", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08_1145.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-10T20:10:23.377Z", "description": "In the [Maroochy Water Breach](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0020), the adversary falsified network addresses in order to send false data and instructions to pumping stations.(Citation: Marshall Abrams July 2008)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--70cab19e-1745-425e-b3db-c02cd5ff157a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5979643-fefb-460f-b59c-971efe95f121", "created": "2022-09-27T16:57:48.758Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:42:28.408Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to services that may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--66531bc6-a509-4868-8314-4d599e91d222", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b59a96e4-bd70-4459-9609-66563bccd9c3", "created": "2023-09-29T16:38:21.688Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:38:21.688Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--69d1b1ef-e918-4cfd-9a98-29debd04cb32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5ab26e2-eb90-4f19-b35a-b8a0a5438961", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Hydro", "description": "Hydro Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16  Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://www.hydro.com/en/media/on-the-agenda/cyber-attack/"}, {"source_name": "Kevin Beaumont", "description": "Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://doublepulsar.com/how-lockergoga-took-down-hydro-ransomware-used-in-targeted-attacks-aimed-at-big-business-c666551f5880"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:57:06.704Z", "description": "Some of Norsk Hydro's production systems were impacted by a [LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) infection. This resulted in a loss of control which forced the company to switch to manual operations. (Citation: Kevin Beaumont) (Citation: Hydro)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5bb5ec3-aa3c-4734-8425-4be80c5658a9", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.143Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "This technique may not be effectively mitigated against, consider controls for assets and processes that lead to the use of this technique.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5e52859-8dab-4e7e-af70-bb38c6993c98", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.200Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Preventing screen capture on a device may require disabling various system calls supported by the operating systems (e.g., Microsoft WindowsGraphicsCaputer APIs), however, these may be needed for other critical applications.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b628d878-4f35-4580-8d42-26984d13821e", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.143Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b6309476-8268-4c47-920b-8a556cd8ae4c", "created": "2023-09-29T18:47:07.359Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:47:07.359Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b69905bd-6865-4092-9543-47bd9ae318ec", "created": "2023-09-28T19:54:22.618Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:54:22.618Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b69f31c3-6c12-4b81-8e74-9c58ea635fa4", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.232Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that applications and devices do not store sensitive data or credentials insecurely (e.g., plaintext credentials in code, published credentials in repositories, or credentials in public cloud storage). (Citation: CISA June 2013)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--8a3aadd0-b5f4-433a-800e-4893e4196bb7", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA June 2013", "description": "CISA 2013, June Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b7284360-0d80-45bb-8486-263ae8f8fa63", "created": "2023-09-28T21:26:01.106Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:26:01.106Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b72b7dfd-f134-4324-84b8-52ff13fc6b5c", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.128Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses. Perform periodic integrity checks of the device to validate the correctness of the firmware, software, programs, and configurations. 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Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.  Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b8edcf0a-ec53-4203-b3ad-2cc734a1f1dd", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2021-10-14T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.226Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Update software on control network assets when possible. If feasible, use modern operating systems and software to reduce exposure to known vulnerabilities.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--97f33c84-8508-45b9-8a1d-cac921828c9e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35392fb4-a31d-4c6a-b9f2-1c65b7f5e6b9", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b8f6d6a8-e668-4596-8ec2-41c5d1bd211d", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.097Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b960c5ed-1ea8-4dde-9203-c02d291d3bc6", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.222Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use host-based allowlists to prevent devices from accepting connections from unauthorized systems. For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. (Citation: Department of Homeland Security September 2016)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security September 2016", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2016, September Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b9632b4d-43c3-4bfa-88e0-629245acb8eb", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.091Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure users and user groups have appropriate permissions for their roles through Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls to prevent misuse. Implement user accounts for each individual that may access the repositories for role enforcement and non-repudiation of actions.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e57ebc6d-785f-40c8-adb1-b5b5e09b3b48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b9e82422-b072-494f-99c1-fcab07b90133", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.146Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Require signed binaries.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--71eb7dad-07eb-4bbc-9df0-ac57bf2fba4a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--ba010007-6dde-4c9d-8452-69527cd1c2ba", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.091Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize permissions and access for service accounts to limit the information that may be exposed or collected by malicious users or software. 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The malicious SQL commands include xp_cmdshell, sp_dumpdbilog, and sp_addextendedproc. 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(Citation: Joe Slowik April 2019)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c5a69738-3e80-421d-aba2-bdab8a4029fd", "created": "2023-09-29T18:43:49.839Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:43:49.839Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "id": "relationship--c5dd0d66-99f1-4efd-b0f9-bf9f9118ff16", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-06-10T18:36:54.638Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory", "description": "NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020."}, {"source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."}, {"source_name": "UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games", "description": "UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."}, {"source_name": "Secureworks IRON VIKING ", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking", "description": "Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."}, {"source_name": "Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html", "description": "Haquebord, F. et al. (2022, March 17). Cyclops Blink Sets Sights on Asus Routers. Retrieved March 17, 2022."}], "modified": "2022-03-17T15:07:01.055Z", "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)(Citation: Secureworks IRON VIKING )(Citation: Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", "target_ref": "malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c5fd0969-c151-4849-94c2-83e2e208cff7", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.168Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted when feasible. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS. (Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Keith Stouffer May 2015", "description": "Keith Stouffer 2015, May Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2018/03/28 ", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c63c35c2-a402-4d0d-bf25-f48eb9b379c1", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:26:20.823Z", "description": "Spoofed reporting messages may be detected by reviewing the content of automation protocols, either through detecting based on expected values or comparing to other out of band process data sources. Spoofed messages may not precisely match legitimate messages which may lead to malformed traffic, although traffic may be malformed for many benign reasons. Monitor reporting messages for changes in how they are constructed.\n\nVarious techniques enable spoofing a reporting message. Consider monitoring for [Rogue Master](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848) and [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0830) activity.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c64f2ed2-f7a7-4333-b0d3-d687ffb7ad6b", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security October 2009", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2009, October Developing an Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Incident Response Capability Retrieved. 2020/09/17 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/final-RP_ics_cybersecurity_incident_response_100609.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-19T21:23:30.482Z", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.  Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c6520346-fe47-44ce-af75-d99004ac2977", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:17:59.179Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) can reprogram a PLC and change critical parameters in such a way that legitimate commands can be overridden or intercepted. In addition, Stuxnet can apply inappropriate command sequences or parameters to cause damage to property. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c6562519-81c5-4eca-a815-f46ac0ed4bcc", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.070Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize network allowlists to restrict unnecessary connections to network devices (e.g., comm servers, serial to ethernet converters) and services, especially in cases when devices have limits on the number of simultaneous sessions they support.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c65e39eb-f6d1-4e3a-9070-b2fa7ea35b36", "created": "2023-09-28T21:27:50.246Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:27:50.246Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c664bb6c-59f0-4b31-bbb4-ef66fca933d4", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.808Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:45:39.703Z", "description": "Monitor for newly executed processes that depend on user interaction, especially for applications that can embed programmatic capabilities (e.g., Microsoft Office products with scripts, installers, zip files). This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c67e3535-69a9-4234-8170-4ad6efc632b7", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.211Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Implement continuous monitoring of vulnerability sources. Also, use automatic and manual code review tools. (Citation: OWASP)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--de0bc375-50e1-4e26-a342-a8ff8c9d3037", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "external_references": [{"source_name": "OWASP", "description": "OWASP   Top 10 Web Application Security Risks Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c69eab3c-861c-45f5-8858-a595fcc7e6f6", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.132Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014", "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S 2014, February Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting Retrieved. 2016/04/20 ", "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c6a05c20-02d4-42ce-ad5c-280c604e13d8", "created": "2023-09-29T17:59:11.267Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:59:11.267Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8bb4538f-f16f-49f0-a431-70b5444c7349", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--3a95f7e4-4877-4967-b2e8-e287976c3e64", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c726e8af-9b98-4ce9-b8f4-3e82e59d5374", "created": "2022-09-26T14:35:27.430Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:35:27.430Z", "description": "Monitor for new or unexpected connections to controllers, which could indicate an Unauthorized Command Message being sent via [Rogue Master](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c785c026-4139-4c56-a6dd-cdd3ba75bab1", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET 2017, June 12 Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems Retrieved. 2017/09/15 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:57:08.952Z", "description": "In [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) the first COM port from the configuration file is used for the actual communication and the two other COM ports are just opened to prevent other processes accessing them. Thus, the IEC 101 payload component is able to take over and maintain control of the RTU device. (Citation: Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c78f497f-01c3-4efb-aa74-92b700b9c02b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.186Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "When at rest, project files should be encrypted to prevent unauthorized changes. 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(2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing", "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. 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The malware uses a raw socket to look for connections to a pre-specified IP address, only looking at TCP packets that are 150 bytes or larger. Packets that are not on port 502, are scanned for BasicAuth, and that information is logged. This may have allowed credential harvesting from communications between devices accessing a modbus-enabled HMI. (Citation: William Largent June 2018) (Citation: Carl Hurd March 2019)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "id": "relationship--cb1037c1-4b83-4a79-ba12-00558bb6b42b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2021-10-04T20:52:20.304Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Lazarus KillDisk April 2018", "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. 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An infection sequence consists of code blocks and data blocks that will be downloaded to the PLC to alter its behavior. 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Rentschler and H. Heine", "description": "M. Rentschler and H. Heine   The Parallel Redundancy Protocol for industrial IP networks Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6505877"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-30T14:08:42.386Z", "description": "Retain cold-standby or replacement hardware of similar models to ensure continued operations of critical functions if the primary system is compromised or unavailable. (Citation: M. Rentschler and H. 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It also infects OB35. OB35 acts as a watchdog, and on certain conditions, it can stop the execution of OB1. 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In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user-based anomalies.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--ce3aad7e-1e15-40c7-916b-e25a647e9986", "created": "2023-09-29T16:31:36.462Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:31:36.462Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "id": "relationship--ce64ed04-f0ff-4897-b636-3177c9c5d9bb", "type": "relationship", "created": "2021-01-20T21:03:13.436Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", "description": "Scott W. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. 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Monitoring known devices requires ICS function level insight to determine if an unauthorized device is issuing commands (e.g., a historian).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--cf8a816c-30ee-4147-a48f-d797fb145a04", "created": "2023-09-29T17:43:10.828Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:43:10.829Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": 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"description": "[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) is disguised as an Adobe Flash installer. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. (Citation: Department of Homeland Security September 2016)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security September 2016", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2016, September Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f0c81c9f-2fb7-4e7d-98ed-c75e3be7d962", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:21:24.221Z", "description": "When the peripheral output is written to, sequence C intercepts the output and ensures it is not written to the process image output. The output is the instructions the PLC sends to a device to change its operating behavior. By intercepting the peripheral output, [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) prevents an operator from noticing unauthorized commands sent to the peripheral. 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(2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved December 7, 2020.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-17T16:00:06.894Z", "description": "One of [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603)'s rootkits is contained entirely in the fake s7otbxdx.dll. In order to continue existing undetected on the PLC it needs to account for at least the following situations: read requests for its own malicious code blocks, read requests for infected blocks (OB1, OB35, DP_RECV), and write requests that could overwrite Stuxnets own code. Stuxnet contains code to monitor and intercept these types of requests. The rootkit modifies these requests so that Stuxnets PLC code is not discovered or damaged. 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Consider using access management technologies to enforce authorization on all management interface access attempts, especially when the device does not inherently provide strong authentication and authorization functions.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f29ecf69-1753-44bb-9b80-1025f49cadda", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:24:02.276Z", "description": "DP_RECV is the name of a standard function block used by network coprocessors. It is used to receive network frames on the Profibus  a standard industrial network bus used for distributed I/O. The original block is copied to FC1869, and then replaced by a malicious block. Each time the function is used to receive a packet, the malicious [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) block takes control: it will call the original DP_RECV in FC1869 and then perform postprocessing on the packet data. The replaced DP_RECV block (later on referred to as the DP_RECV monitor) is meant to monitor data sent by the frequency converter drives to the 315-2 CPU via CP 342-5 Profibus communication modules. 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The CHIPSEC framework can be used for analysis to determine if firmware modifications have been performed.(Citation: McAfee CHIPSEC Blog) (Citation: Github CHIPSEC) (Citation: Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit)", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--b9d031bb-d150-4fc6-8025-688201bf3ffd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f347b4fe-d829-427d-851a-fff3393441db", "created": "2021-04-12T07:57:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Joe Slowik August 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik 2019, August 15 CRASHOVERRIDE: Reassessing the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Event as a Protection-Focused Attack Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-04-14T20:00:00.650Z", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) contained a module which leveraged a vulnerability in the Siemens SIPROTEC relays (CVE-2015-5374) to create a Denial of Service against automated protective relays. 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(2021, June 15). Secure PLC Coding Practices: Top 20 version 1.0. 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Verify a cryptographic hash for the file with a known trusted version, or look for other indicators of modification (e.g., timestamps).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcf91ebc-f316-4e19-b2f6-444e9940c697", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f9c29dd4-1c5e-4f7e-b60a-862319a6d0a0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.184Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Allow for code signing of any project files stored at rest to prevent unauthorized tampering. 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The sectors that these PLCs can be commonly found in are water and wastewater, energy, food and beverage manufacturing, and healthcare. 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Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups, such as [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138), [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082), and [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094).   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(2022, February 1). CrowdStrike Adversary Labyrinth Chollima. Retrieved February 1, 2022.", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723190317/https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/labyrinth-chollima/"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023", "description": "Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023.", "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide"}, {"source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160226161828/https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017", "description": "Secureworks. (2017, December 15). Media Alert - Secureworks Discovers North Korean Cyber Threat Group, Lazarus, Spearphishing Financial Executives of Cryptocurrency Companies. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/about/press/media-alert-secureworks-discovers-north-korean-cyber-threat-group-lazarus-spearphishing"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017", "description": "Smith, B. (2017, December 19). Microsoft and Facebook disrupt ZINC malware attack to protect customers and the internet from ongoing cyberthreats. 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The group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017)(Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Playbook 2023)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)", "aliases": ["OilRig", "COBALT GYPSY", "IRN2", "APT34", "Helix Kitten", "Evasive Serpens", "Hazel Sandstorm", "EUROPIUM"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "4.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Robert Falcone", "Bryan Lee", "Dragos Threat Intelligence"], "type": "intrusion-set", "id": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049", "external_id": "G0049"}, {"source_name": "IRN2", "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"}, {"source_name": "Hazel Sandstorm", "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023)"}, {"source_name": "EUROPIUM", "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023)"}, {"source_name": "OilRig", "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)"}, {"source_name": "COBALT GYPSY", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile)"}, {"source_name": "Helix Kitten", "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"}, {"source_name": "Evasive Serpens", "description": "(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Playbook 2023)"}, {"source_name": "Check Point APT34 April 2021", "description": "Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran\u2019s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/"}, {"source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017", "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/"}, {"source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016", "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"}, {"source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig April 2017", "description": "Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/"}, {"source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016", "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"}, {"source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018", "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"}, {"source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018", "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). 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For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. 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DLP functionality may be built into other security products such as firewalls or standalone suites running on the network and host-based agents. DLP may be configured to prevent the transfer of information through corporate resources such as email, web, and physical media such as USB for host-based solutions.", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 4.1", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 4.1"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--337c4e2a-21a7-4d9a-bfee-9efd6cebf0e5", "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0803", "external_id": "M0803"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-09-19T21:30:56.250Z", "name": "Access Management", "description": "Access Management technologies can be used to enforce authorization polices and decisions, especially when existing field devices do not provided sufficient capabilities to support user identification and authentication. (Citation: McCarthy, J et al. July 2018) These technologies typically utilize an in-line network device or gateway system to prevent access to unauthenticated users, while also integrating with an authentication service to first verify user credentials. 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Therefore, associated ATT&CK mitigations should be considered in addition to this, including [Multi-factor Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0932), [Account Use Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0936), [Password Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927), [User Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918), [Privileged Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0926), and [User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1052).", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 1.1", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 1.1", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - IA-2"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "created": "2020-09-11T16:32:21.854Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0804", "external_id": "M0804"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2022-10-24T15:09:07.609Z", "name": "SSL/TLS Inspection", "description": "Break and inspect SSL/TLS sessions to look at encrypted web traffic for adversary activity.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--6a02e38a-9629-40c0-8c7d-e98e3470315c", "created": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0920", "external_id": "M0920"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-09-19T21:39:41.056Z", "name": "Code Signing", "description": "Enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing.", "labels": ["IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - SR 3.4", "IEC 62443-4-2:2019 - CR 3.4", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 - SI-7"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "course-of-action", "id": "course-of-action--71eb7dad-07eb-4bbc-9df0-ac57bf2fba4a", "created": "2019-06-11T17:01:25.405Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0945", "external_id": "M0945"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-09-20T13:12:24.527Z", "name": "Software Process and Device Authentication", "description": "Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. 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(Citation: CISA March 2010) To minimize this threat, organizations should implement measures to detect, understand, and reduce unnecessary RF propagation. 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[EKANS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605) has used a hard-coded kill-list of processes, including some associated with common ICS software platforms (e.g., GE Proficy, Honeywell HMIWeb, etc), similar to those defined in [MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576).(Citation: Dragos EKANS)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANS)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "x_mitre_aliases": ["EKANS", "SNAKEHOSE"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--00e7d565-9883-4ee5-b642-8fd17fd6a3f5", "created": "2021-02-12T20:07:42.883Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605", "external_id": "S0605"}, {"source_name": "EKANS", "description": "(Citation: Dragos EKANS)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANS)(Citation: FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020)"}, {"source_name": "SNAKEHOSE", "description": "(Citation: FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020)"}, {"source_name": "Dragos EKANS", "description": "Dragos. 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[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) was distributed via supply chain compromise, and included specialized modules to enumerate and map ICS-specific systems, processes, and protocols.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "x_mitre_aliases": ["Backdoor.Oldrea", "Havex"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093", "external_id": "S0093"}, {"source_name": "Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021", "description": "Slowik, J. (2021, October). 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[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) is a large and complex piece of malware that utilized multiple different behaviors including multiple zero-day vulnerabilities, a sophisticated Windows rootkit, and network infection routines.(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)(Citation: CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-10-272-01)(Citation: ESET Stuxnet Under the Microscope)(Citation: Langer Stuxnet) [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) was discovered in 2010, with some components being used as early as November 2008.(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) ", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.4", "x_mitre_aliases": ["Stuxnet", "W32.Stuxnet"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "created": "2020-12-14T17:34:58.457Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603", "external_id": "S0603"}, {"source_name": "W32.Stuxnet", "description": "(Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) "}, {"source_name": "CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-10-272-01", "description": "CISA. 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[VPNFilter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1010) modules such as its packet sniffer ('ps') can collect traffic that passes through an infected device, allowing the theft of website credentials and monitoring of Modbus SCADA protocols. 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[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496), which as been used against organizations in the manufacturing, transportation, and electric sectors, is highly configurable and shares code similarities with the GandCrab RaaS.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware May 2020)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "2.2", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Edward Millington"], "x_mitre_aliases": ["REvil", "Sodin", "Sodinokibi"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5", "created": "2020-08-04T15:06:14.796Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496", "external_id": "S0496"}, {"source_name": "Sodin", "description": "(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)"}, {"source_name": "Sodinokibi", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: McAfee REvil October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)"}, {"source_name": "Talos Sodinokibi April 2019", "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). 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Retrieved August 5, 2020.", "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-crescendo/"}, {"source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019", "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection"}, {"source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020", "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. 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As of September 2022, some security researchers assessed [INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) was developed by CHERNOVITE.(Citation: CISA-AA22-103A)(Citation: Brubaker-Incontroller)(Citation: Dragos-Pipedream)(Citation: Schneider-Incontroller)(Citation: Wylie-22) ", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Engineering Workstation", "Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Jimmy Wylie, Dragos, Inc."], "x_mitre_aliases": ["INCONTROLLER", "PIPEDREAM"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "created": "2022-09-28T20:07:40.272Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045", "external_id": "S1045"}, {"source_name": "PIPEDREAM", "description": "(Citation: Dragos-Pipedream)(Citation: Wylie-22)"}, {"source_name": "CISA-AA22-103A", "description": "DHS/CISA. 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It was first observed as a component of [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) malware during cyber attacks against Ukraine in 2015. [KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) has since evolved into stand-alone malware used by a variety of threat actors against additional targets in Europe and Latin America; in 2016 a ransomware component was also incorporated into some [KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) variants.(Citation: KillDisk Ransomware)(Citation: ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 1)(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 2)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Linux", "Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_aliases": ["KillDisk", "Win32/KillDisk.NBI", "Win32/KillDisk.NBH", "Win32/KillDisk.NBD", "Win32/KillDisk.NBC", "Win32/KillDisk.NBB"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--e221eb77-1502-4129-af1d-fe1ad55e7ec6", "created": "2021-01-20T18:05:07.059Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607", "external_id": "S0607"}, {"source_name": "KillDisk Ransomware", "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2016, December 29). KillDisk Disk-Wiping Malware Adds Ransomware Component. Retrieved January 12, 2021.", "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/killdisk-disk-wiping-malware-adds-ransomware-component/"}, {"source_name": "ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016", "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/"}, {"source_name": "Trend Micro KillDisk 1", "description": "Fernando Merces, Byron Gelera, Martin Co. (2018, June 7). KillDisk Variant Hits Latin American Finance Industry. 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Retrieved January 12, 2021.", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/a/new-killdisk-variant-hits-financial-organizations-in-latin-america.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "labels": ["malware"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2024-04-11T16:06:34.700Z", "name": "Industroyer", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) is a sophisticated malware framework designed to cause an impact to the working processes of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically components used in electrical substations.(Citation: ESET Industroyer) [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) was used in the attacks on the Ukrainian power grid in December 2016.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017) This is the first publicly known malware specifically designed to target and impact operations in the electric grid.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Dragos Threat Intelligence", "Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_aliases": ["Industroyer", "CRASHOVERRIDE", "Win32/Industroyer"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", "created": "2021-01-04T20:42:21.997Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604", "external_id": "S0604"}, {"source_name": "CRASHOVERRIDE", "description": "(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017)"}, {"source_name": "Win32/Industroyer", "description": "(Citation: ESET Industroyer)"}, {"source_name": "ESET Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2017", "description": "Dragos Inc.. (2017, June 13). CRASHOVERRIDE Analysis of the Threat to Electric Grid Operations. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "labels": ["malware"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2022-10-12T17:51:18.408Z", "name": "Flame", "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) is a sophisticated toolkit that has been used to collect information since at least 2010, largely targeting Middle East countries. (Citation: Kaspersky Flame)", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["enterprise-attack", "ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_aliases": ["Flame", "Flamer", "sKyWIper"], "type": "malware", "id": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:21.973Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143", "external_id": "S0143"}, {"source_name": "Flame", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)"}, {"source_name": "sKyWIper", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Crysys Skywiper)"}, {"source_name": "Flamer", "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Symantec Beetlejuice)"}, {"source_name": "Kaspersky Flame", "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. 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Retrieved February 25, 2017.", "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/flamer-recipe-bluetoothache"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "labels": ["malware"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:12:52.701Z", "name": "Inhibit Response Function", "description": "The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.\n\nInhibit Response Function consists of techniques that adversaries use to hinder the safeguards put in place for processes and products. This may involve the inhibition of safety, protection, quality assurance, or operator intervention functions to disrupt safeguards that aim to prevent the loss of life, destruction of equipment, and disruption of production. These techniques aim to actively deter and prevent expected alarms and responses that arise due to statuses in the ICS environment. Adversaries may modify or update system logic, or even outright prevent responses with a denial-of-service. They may result in the prevention, destruction, manipulation, or modification of programs, logic, devices, and communications. As prevention functions are generally dormant, reporting and processing functions can appear fine, but may have been altered to prevent failure responses in dangerous scenarios. Unlike [Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0103), Inhibit Response Function techniques may be more intrusive, such as actively preventing responses to a known dangerous scenario. Adversaries may use these techniques to follow through with or provide cover for [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105) techniques.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "inhibit-response-function", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--298fe907-7931-4fd2-8131-2814dd493134", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0107", "external_id": "TA0107"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2022-09-29T21:38:48.906Z", "name": "Privilege Escalation", "description": "The adversary is trying to gain higher-level permissions.\n\nPrivilege Escalation consists of techniques that adversaries use to gain higher-level permissions on a system or network. Adversaries can often enter and explore a network with unprivileged access but require elevated permissions to follow through on their objectives. Common approaches are to take advantage of system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "privilege-escalation", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--33752ae7-f875-4f43-bdb6-d8d02d341046", "created": "2021-04-10T17:32:33.899Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0111", "external_id": "TA0111"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:09:46.867Z", "name": "Lateral Movement", "description": "The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.\n\nLateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. These techniques abuse default credentials, known accounts, and vulnerable services, and may also leverage dual-homed devices and systems that reside on both the IT and OT networks. The adversary uses these techniques to pivot to their next point in the environment, positioning themselves to where they want to be or think they should be. Following through on their primary objective often requires [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102) of the network and [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0100) to develop awareness of unique ICS devices and processes, in order to find their target and subsequently gain access to it. Reaching this objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems, devices, and accounts. Adversaries may install their own remote tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or leverage default tools, programs, and manufacturer set or other legitimate credentials native to the network, which may be stealthier.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "lateral-movement", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--51c25a9e-8615-40c0-8afd-1da578847924", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0109", "external_id": "TA0109"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Discovery", "description": "The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.\n\nDiscovery consists of techniques that adversaries use to survey your ICS environment and gain knowledge about the internal network, control system devices, and how their processes interact. These techniques help adversaries observe the environment and determine next steps for target selection and Lateral Movement. They also allow adversaries to explore what they can control and gain insight on interactions between various control system processes. Discovery techniques are often an act of progression into the environment which enable the adversary to orient themselves before deciding how to act. Adversaries may use Discovery techniques that result in Collection, to help determine how available resources benefit their current objective. A combination of native device communications and functions, and custom tools are often used toward this post-compromise information-gathering objective.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "discovery", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--696af733-728e-49d7-8261-75fdc590f453", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102", "external_id": "TA0102"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Initial Access", "description": "The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.\n\nInitial Access consists of techniques that adversaries may use as entry vectors to gain an initial foothold within an ICS environment. These techniques include compromising operational technology assets, IT resources in the OT network, and external remote services and websites. They may also target third party entities and users with privileged access. In particular, these initial access footholds may include devices and communication mechanisms with access to and privileges in both the IT and OT environments. IT resources in the OT environment are also potentially vulnerable to the same attacks as enterprise IT systems. Trusted third parties of concern may include vendors, maintenance personnel, engineers, external integrators, and other outside entities involved in expected ICS operations. Vendor maintained assets may include physical devices, software, and operational equipment. Initial access techniques may also leverage outside devices, such as radios, controllers, or removable media, to remotely interfere with and possibly infect OT operations.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "initial-access", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--69da72d2-f550-41c5-ab9e-e8255707f28a", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0108", "external_id": "TA0108"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:22:09.571Z", "name": "Impact", "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your ICS systems, data, and their surrounding environment.\n\nImpact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt, compromise, destroy, and manipulate the integrity and availability of control system operations, processes, devices, and data. These techniques encompass the influence and effects resulting from adversarial efforts to attack the ICS environment or that tangentially impact it. Impact techniques can result in more instantaneous disruption to control processes and the operator, or may result in more long term damage or loss to the ICS environment and related operations. The adversary may leverage [Impair Process Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0106) techniques, which often manifest in more self-revealing impacts on operations, or [Impair Process Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0106) techniques to hinder safeguards and alarms in order to follow through with and provide cover for Impact. In some scenarios, control system processes can appear to function as expected, but may have been altered to benefit the adversary\u2019s goal over the course of a longer duration. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.\n\n[Loss of Productivity and Revenue](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0828), [Theft of Operational Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0882), and [Damage to Property](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0879) are meant to encompass some of the more granular goals of adversaries in targeted and untargeted attacks. These techniques in and of themselves are not necessarily detectable, but the associated adversary behavior can potentially be mitigated and/or detected.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "impact", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--77542f83-70d0-40c2-8a9d-ad2eb8b00279", "created": "2019-03-14T18:44:44.639Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105", "external_id": "TA0105"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Persistence", "description": "The adversary is trying to maintain their foothold in your ICS environment.\n\nPersistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to maintain access to ICS systems and devices across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that allow them to secure their ongoing activity and keep their foothold on systems. This may include replacing or hijacking legitimate code, firmware, and other project files, or adding startup code and downloading programs onto devices.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "persistence", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--78f1d2ae-a579-44c4-8fc5-3e1775c73fac", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0110", "external_id": "TA0110"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:19:16.160Z", "name": "Execution", "description": "The adversary is trying to run code or manipulate system functions, parameters, and data in an unauthorized way.\n\nExecution consists of techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote system, device, or other asset. This execution may also rely on unknowing end users or the manipulation of device operating modes to run. Adversaries may infect remote targets with programmed executables or malicious project files that operate according to specified behavior and may alter expected device behavior in subtle ways. Commands for execution may also be issued from command-line interfaces, APIs, GUIs, or other available interfaces. Techniques that run malicious code may also be paired with techniques from other tactics, particularly to aid network [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102) and [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0100), impact operations, and inhibit response functions.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "execution", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--93bf9a8e-b14c-4587-b6d5-9efc7c12eb45", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0104", "external_id": "TA0104"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Command and Control", "description": "The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.\n\nCommand and Control consists of techniques that adversaries use to communicate with and send commands to compromised systems, devices, controllers, and platforms with specialized applications used in ICS environments. Examples of these specialized communication devices include human machine interfaces (HMIs), data historians, SCADA servers, and engineering workstations (EWS). Adversaries often seek to use commonly available resources and mimic expected network traffic to avoid detection and suspicion. For instance, commonly used ports and protocols in ICS environments, and even expected IT resources, depending on the target network. Command and Control may be established to varying degrees of stealth, often depending on the victim\u2019s network structure and defenses.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "command-and-control", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--97c8ff73-bd14-4b6c-ac32-3d91d2c41e3f", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0101", "external_id": "TA0101"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:18:50.880Z", "name": "Collection", "description": "The adversary is trying to gather data of interest and domain knowledge on your ICS environment to inform their goal.\n\nCollection consists of techniques adversaries use to gather domain knowledge and obtain contextual feedback in an ICS environment. This tactic is often performed as part of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0102), to compile data on control systems and targets of interest that may be used to follow through on the adversary\u2019s objective. Examples of these techniques include observing operation states, capturing screenshots, identifying unique device roles, and gathering system and diagram schematics. Collection of this data can play a key role in planning, executing, and even revising an ICS-targeted attack. Methods of collection depend on the categories of data being targeted, which can include protocol specific, device specific, and process specific configurations and functionality. Information collected may pertain to a combination of system, supervisory, device, and network related data, which conceptually fall under high, medium, and low levels of plan operations. For example, information repositories on plant data at a high level or device specific programs at a low level. Sensitive floor plans, vendor device manuals, and other references may also be at risk and exposed on the internet or otherwise publicly accessible.", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "collection", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--b2a67b1e-913c-46f6-b219-048a90560bb9", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0100", "external_id": "TA0100"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-03-09T18:38:51.471Z", "name": "Evasion", "description": "The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses.\n\nEvasion consists of techniques that adversaries use to avoid technical defenses throughout their campaign. Techniques used for evasion include removal of indicators of compromise, spoofing communications, and exploiting software vulnerabilities. Adversaries may also leverage and abuse trusted devices and processes to hide their activity, possibly by masquerading as master devices or native software. Methods of defense evasion for this purpose are often more passive in nature.", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "evasion", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ddf70682-f3ce-479c-a9a4-7eadf9bfead7", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0103", "external_id": "TA0103"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-03-08T22:15:17.020Z", "name": "Impair Process Control", "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.\n\nImpair Process Control consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt control logic and cause determinantal effects to processes being controlled in the target environment. Targets of interest may include active procedures or parameters that manipulate the physical environment. These techniques can also include prevention or manipulation of reporting elements and control logic. If an adversary has modified process functionality, then they may also obfuscate the results, which are often self-revealing in their impact on the outcome of a product or the environment. The direct physical control these techniques exert may also threaten the safety of operators and downstream users, which can prompt response mechanisms. Adversaries may follow up with or use [Inhibit Response Function](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0107) techniques in tandem, to assist with the successful abuse of control processes to result in [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105).", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_shortname": "impair-process-control", "type": "x-mitre-tactic", "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ff048b6c-b872-4218-b68c-3735ebd1f024", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0106", "external_id": "TA0106"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.380Z", "name": "Block Command Message", "description": "Adversaries may block a command message from reaching its intended target to prevent command execution. In OT networks, command messages are sent to provide instructions to control system devices. A blocked command message can inhibit response functions from correcting a disruption or unsafe condition. (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)  (Citation: Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Termination", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0803", "external_id": "T0803"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016", "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems 2016, March 18 Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case Retrieved. 2018/03/27 ", "url": "https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt36c2e63521272fdc/blt6a77276749b76a40/607f235992f0063e5c070fff/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5%5b73%5d.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.586Z", "name": "Service Stop", "description": "Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK)  Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Modification", "Command: Command Execution", "Process: OS API Execution", "Process: Process Termination", "Service: Service Metadata", "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881", "external_id": "T0881"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK Enterprise ATT&CK   Service Stop Retrieved. 2019/10/29  Service Stop Retrieved. 2019/10/29 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.786Z", "name": "Modify Parameter", "description": "Adversaries may modify parameters used to instruct industrial control system devices. These devices operate via programs that dictate how and when to perform actions based on such parameters. Such parameters can determine the extent to which an action is performed and may specify additional options. For example, a program on a control system device dictating motor processes may take a parameter defining the total number of seconds to run that motor.      \n\nAn adversary can potentially modify these parameters to produce an outcome outside of what was intended by the operators. By modifying system and process critical parameters, the adversary may cause [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105) to equipment and/or control processes. Modified parameters may be turned into dangerous, out-of-bounds, or unexpected values from typical operations. For example, specifying that a process run for more or less time than it should, or dictating an unusually high, low, or invalid value as a parameter.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.3", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Asset: Asset Inventory", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0836", "external_id": "T0836"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:58.991Z", "name": "Modify Controller Tasking", "description": "Adversaries may modify the tasking of a controller to allow for the execution of their own programs. This can allow an adversary to manipulate the execution flow and behavior of a controller. \n\nAccording to 61131-3, the association of a Task with a Program Organization Unit (POU) defines a task association. (Citation: IEC February 2013) An adversary may modify these associations or create new ones to manipulate the execution flow of a controller. Modification of controller tasking can be accomplished using a Program Download in addition to other types of program modification such as online edit and program append.\n\nTasks have properties, such as interval, frequency and priority to meet the requirements of program execution. Some controller vendors implement tasks with implicit, pre-defined properties whereas others allow for these properties to be formulated explicitly. An adversary may associate their program with tasks that have a higher priority or execute associated programs more frequently. For instance, to ensure cyclic execution of their program on a Siemens controller, an adversary may add their program to the task, Organization Block 1 (OB1).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Asset: Software"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--09a61657-46e1-439e-b3ed-3e4556a78243", "created": "2021-04-13T11:15:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0821", "external_id": "T0821"}, {"source_name": "IEC February 2013", "description": "IEC 2013, February 20 IEC 61131-3:2013  Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4552"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.193Z", "name": "Wireless Sniffing", "description": "Adversaries may seek to capture radio frequency (RF) communication used for remote control and reporting in distributed environments. RF communication frequencies vary between 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although are commonly between 300 MHz to 6 GHz. (Citation: Candell, R., Hany, M., Lee, K. B., Liu,Y., Quimby, J., Remley, K. April 2018)  The wavelength and frequency of the signal affect how the signal propagates through open air, obstacles (e.g. walls and trees) and the type of radio required to capture them. These characteristics are often standardized in the protocol and hardware and may have an effect on how the signal is captured. Some examples of wireless protocols that may be found in cyber-physical environments are: WirelessHART, Zigbee, WIA-FA, and 700 MHz Public Safety Spectrum. \n\nAdversaries may capture RF communications by using specialized hardware, such as software defined radio (SDR), handheld radio, or a computer with radio demodulator tuned to the communication frequency. (Citation: Bastille April 2017) Information transmitted over a wireless medium may be captured in-transit whether the sniffing device is the intended destination or not. This technique may be particularly useful to an adversary when the communications are not encrypted. (Citation: Gallagher, S. April 2017) \n\nIn the 2017 Dallas Siren incident, it is suspected that adversaries likely captured wireless command message broadcasts on a 700 MHz frequency during a regular test of the system. These messages were later replayed to trigger the alarm systems. (Citation: Gallagher, S. April 2017)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["ICSCoE Japan"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--0fe075d5-beac-4d02-b93e-0f874997db72", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0887", "external_id": "T0887"}, {"source_name": "Bastille April 2017", "description": "Bastille 2017, April 17 Dallas Siren Attack Retrieved. 2020/11/06 ", "url": "https://www.bastille.net/blogs/2017/4/17/dallas-siren-attack"}, {"source_name": "Candell, R., Hany, M., Lee, K. B., Liu,Y., Quimby, J., Remley, K. April 2018", "description": "Candell, R., Hany, M., Lee, K. B., Liu,Y., Quimby, J., Remley, K. 2018, April Guide to Industrial Wireless Systems Deployments Retrieved. 2020/12/01 ", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ams/NIST.AMS.300-4.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Gallagher, S. April 2017", "description": "Gallagher, S. 2017, April 12 Pirate radio: Signal spoof set off Dallas emergency sirens, not network hack Retrieved. 2020/12/01 ", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/dallas-siren-hack-used-radio-signals-to-spoof-alarm-says-city-manager/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.396Z", "name": "Loss of View", "description": "Adversaries may cause a sustained or permanent loss of view where the ICS equipment will require local, hands-on operator intervention; for instance, a restart or manual operation. By causing a sustained reporting or visibility loss, the adversary can effectively hide the present state of operations. This loss of view can occur without affecting the physical processes themselves. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0829", "external_id": "T0829"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee", "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297"}, {"source_name": "Tyson Macaulay", "description": "Tyson Macaulay Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.593Z", "name": "Activate Firmware Update Mode", "description": "Adversaries may activate firmware update mode on devices to prevent expected response functions from engaging in reaction to an emergency or process malfunction. For example, devices such as protection relays may have an operation mode designed for firmware installation. This mode may halt process monitoring and related functions to allow new firmware to be loaded. A device left in update mode may be placed in an inactive holding state if no firmware is provided to it. By entering and leaving a device in this mode, the adversary may deny its usual functionalities.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0800", "external_id": "T0800"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.793Z", "name": "Manipulation of Control", "description": "Adversaries may manipulate physical process control within the industrial environment. Methods of manipulating control can include changes to set point values, tags, or other parameters. Adversaries may manipulate control systems devices or possibly leverage their own, to communicate with and command physical control processes. The duration of manipulation may be temporary or longer sustained, depending on operator detection.   \n\nMethods of Manipulation of Control include: \n\n* Man-in-the-middle  \n* Spoof command message \n* Changing setpoints  \n\nA Polish student used a remote controller device to interface with the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: John Bill May 2017) (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008) Using this remote, the student was able to capture and replay legitimate tram signals. As a consequence, four trams were derailed and twelve people injured due to resulting emergency stops. (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) The track controlling commands issued may have also resulted in tram collisions, a further risk to those on board and nearby the areas of impact. (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0831", "external_id": "T0831"}, {"source_name": "Bruce Schneier January 2008", "description": "Bruce Schneier 2008, January 17 Hacking Polish Trams Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking_the_pol.html"}, {"source_name": "John Bill May 2017", "description": "John Bill 2017, May 12 Hacked Cyber Security Railways Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/"}, {"source_name": "Shelley Smith February 2008", "description": "Shelley Smith 2008, February 12 Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen_hacker_in_poland_plays_tr/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:56:59.992Z", "name": "Denial of Service", "description": "Adversaries may perform Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks to disrupt expected device functionality. Examples of DoS attacks include overwhelming the target device with a high volume of requests in a short time period and sending the target device a request it does not know how to handle. Disrupting device state may temporarily render it unresponsive, possibly lasting until a reboot can occur. When placed in this state, devices may be unable to send and receive requests, and may not perform expected response functions in reaction to other events in the environment. \n\nSome ICS devices are particularly sensitive to DoS events, and may become unresponsive in reaction to even a simple ping sweep. Adversaries may also attempt to execute a Permanent Denial-of-Service (PDoS) against certain devices, such as in the case of the BrickerBot malware. (Citation: ICS-CERT April 2017) \n\nAdversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to cause a denial of service by taking advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Vulnerabilities may exist in software that can be used to cause a denial of service condition. \n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge about industrial protocols or control devices used in the environment through [Remote System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888). There are examples of adversaries remotely causing a [Device Restart/Shutdown](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0816) by exploiting a vulnerability that induces uncontrolled resource consumption. (Citation: ICS-CERT August 2018) (Citation: Common Weakness Enumeration January 2019) (Citation: MITRE March 2018) ", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0814", "external_id": "T0814"}, {"source_name": "Common Weakness Enumeration January 2019", "description": "Common Weakness Enumeration 2019, January 03 CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption Retrieved. 2019/03/14 ", "url": "http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT April 2017", "description": "ICS-CERT 2017, April 18 CS Alert (ICS-ALERT-17-102-01A) BrickerBot Permanent Denial-of-Service Attack Retrieved. 2019/10/24 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-17-102-01A"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT August 2018", "description": "ICS-CERT 2018, August 27 Advisory (ICSA-15-202-01) - Siemens SIPROTEC Denial-of-Service Vulnerability Retrieved. 2019/03/14 ", "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-202-01"}, {"source_name": "MITRE March 2018", "description": "MITRE 2018, March 22 CVE-2015-5374 Retrieved. 2019/03/14 ", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5374"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:00.184Z", "name": "Block Serial COM", "description": "Adversaries may block access to serial COM to prevent instructions or configurations from reaching target devices. Serial Communication ports (COM) allow communication with control system devices. Devices can receive command and configuration messages over such serial COM. Devices also use serial COM to send command and reporting messages. Blocking device serial COM may also block command messages and block reporting messages. \n\nA serial to Ethernet converter is often connected to a serial COM to facilitate communication between serial and Ethernet devices. One approach to blocking a serial COM would be to create and hold open a TCP session with the Ethernet side of the converter. A serial to Ethernet converter may have a few ports open to facilitate multiple communications. For example, if there are three serial COM available -- 1, 2 and 3 --, the converter might be listening on the corresponding ports 20001, 20002, and 20003. If a TCP/IP connection is opened with one of these ports and held open, then the port will be unavailable for use by another party. One way the adversary could achieve this would be to initiate a TCP session with the serial to Ethernet converter at 10.0.0.1 via Telnet on serial port 1 with the following command: telnet 10.0.0.1 20001.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Process: Process Termination"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0805", "external_id": "T0805"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2024-04-08T18:57:58.010Z", "name": "System Binary Proxy Execution", "description": "Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already native in the operating system. (Citation: LOLBAS Project) Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can typically execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files or commands. Similarly, on Linux systems adversaries may abuse trusted binaries such as split to proxy execution of malicious commands. (Citation: split man page)(Citation: GTFO split)\n\nAdversaries may abuse application binaries installed on a system for proxy execution of malicious code or domain-specific commands. These commands could be used to target local resources on the device or networked devices within the environment through defined APIs ([Execution through API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0871)) or application-specific programming languages (e.g., MicroSCADA SCIL). Application binaries may be signed by the developer or generally trusted by the operators, analysts, and monitoring tools accustomed to the environment. These applications may be developed and/or directly provided by the device vendor to enable configuration, management, and operation of their devices without many alternatives. \n\nAdversaries may seek to target these trusted application binaries to execute or send commands without the development of custom malware. For example, adversaries may target a SCADA server binary which has the existing ability to send commands to substation devices, such as through IEC 104 command messages. Proxy execution may still require the development of custom tools to hook into the application binary\u2019s execution.\n\n", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Script: Script Execution", "Command: Command Execution", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--1c5cf58c-a34a-40d7-82f4-f987cdfc2b91", "created": "2024-03-25T20:16:15.016Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0894", "external_id": "T0894"}, {"source_name": "GTFO split", "description": "GTFOBins. (2020, November 13). split. Retrieved April 18, 2022.", "url": "https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/split/"}, {"source_name": "LOLBAS Project", "description": "Oddvar Moe et al. (2022, February).  Living Off The Land Binaries, Scripts and Libraries. Retrieved March 7, 2022.", "url": "https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS#criteria"}, {"source_name": "split man page", "description": "Torbjorn Granlund, Richard M. Stallman. (2020, March null). split(1) \u2014 Linux manual page. Retrieved March 25, 2022.", "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/split.1.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Role Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform role identification of devices involved with physical processes of interest in a target control system. Control systems devices often work in concert to control a physical process. Each device can have one or more roles that it performs within that control process. By collecting this role-based data, an adversary can construct a more targeted attack.\n\nFor example, a power generation plant may have unique devices such as one that monitors power output of a generator and another that controls the speed of a turbine. Examining devices roles allows the adversary to observe how the two devices work together to monitor and control a physical process. Understanding the role of a target device can inform the adversary's decision on what action to take, in order to cause Impact and influence or disrupt the integrity of operations. Furthermore, an adversary may be able to capture control system protocol traffic. By studying this traffic, the adversary may be able to determine which devices are outstations, and which are masters. Understanding of master devices and their role within control processes can enable the use of Rogue Master Device", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Human-Machine Interface", "Control Server", "Data Historian", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--23270e54-1d68-4c3b-b763-b25607bcef80", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0850", "external_id": "T0850"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:00.378Z", "name": "Command-Line Interface", "description": "Adversaries may utilize command-line interfaces (CLIs) to interact with systems and execute commands. CLIs provide a means of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many types of platforms and devices within control systems environments. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018) Adversaries may also use CLIs to install and run new software, including malicious tools that may be installed over the course of an operation.\n\nCLIs are typically accessed locally, but can also be exposed via services, such as SSH, Telnet, and RDP.  Commands that are executed in the CLI execute with the current permissions level of the process running the terminal emulator, unless the command specifies a change in permissions context. 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Points may be values such as inputs, memory locations, outputs or other process specific variables. (Citation: Dennis L. Sloatman September 2016) Tags are the identifiers given to points for operator convenience. \n\nCollecting such tags provides valuable context to environmental points and enables an adversary to map inputs, outputs, and other values to their control processes. 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These functionalities can be executed using interactive device web interfaces, CLIs, and network protocol commands.\n\nUnexpected restart or shutdown of control system devices may prevent expected response functions happening during critical states.\n\nA device restart can also be a sign of malicious device modifications, as many updates require a shutdown in order to take effect.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0816", "external_id": "T0816"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:00.969Z", "name": "User Execution", "description": "Adversaries may rely on a targeted organizations user interaction for the execution of malicious code. User interaction may consist of installing applications, opening email attachments, or granting higher permissions to documents. \n\nAdversaries may embed malicious code or visual basic code into files such as Microsoft Word and Excel documents or software installers. (Citation: Booz Allen Hamilton) Execution of this code requires that the user enable scripting or write access within the document. Embedded code may not always be noticeable to the user especially in cases of trojanized software. (Citation: Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen June 2014) \n\nA Chinese spearphishing campaign running from December 9, 2011 through February 29, 2012 delivered malware through spearphishing attachments which required user action to achieve execution. 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Access to a wireless network may be gained through the compromise of a wireless device. (Citation: Alexander Bolshev, Gleb Cherbov July 2014) (Citation: Alexander Bolshev March 2014) Adversaries may also utilize radios and other wireless communication devices on the same frequency as the wireless network. Wireless compromise can be done as an initial access vector from a remote distance. \n\nA Polish student used a modified TV remote controller to gain access to and control over the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: John Bill May 2017) (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) The remote controller device allowed the student to interface with the trams network to modify track settings and override operator control. The adversary may have accomplished this by aligning the controller to the frequency and amplitude of IR control protocol signals. (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008) The controller then enabled initial access to the network, allowing the capture and replay of tram signals. 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Programmable controllers typically have several modes of operation that control the state of the user program and control access to the controllers API. Operating modes can be physically selected using a key switch on the face of the controller but may also be selected with calls to the controllers API. Operating modes and the mechanisms by which they are selected often vary by vendor and product line. Some commonly implemented operating modes are described below:  \n\n* Program - This mode must be enabled before changes can be made to a devices program. This allows program uploads and downloads between the device and an engineering workstation. Often the PLCs logic Is halted, and all outputs may be forced off. (Citation: N.A. October 2017)  \n* Run - Execution of the devices program occurs in this mode. Input and output (values, points, tags, elements, etc.) are monitored and used according to the programs logic. [Program Upload](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0845) and [Program Download](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843) are disabled while in this mode. (Citation: Omron) (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)  (Citation: N.A. October 2017) (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)   \n* Remote - Allows for remote changes to a PLCs operation mode. (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)    \n* Stop - The PLC and program is stopped, while in this mode, outputs are forced off. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Reset - Conditions on the PLC are reset to their original states. Warm resets may retain some memory while cold resets will reset all I/O and data registers. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Test / Monitor mode - Similar to run mode, I/O is processed, although this mode allows for monitoring, force set, resets, and more generally tuning or debugging of the system. Often monitor mode may be used as a trial for initialization. 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October 2017", "description": "N.A. 2017, October What are the different operating modes in PLC? Retrieved. 2021/01/28 ", "url": "https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-different-operating-modes-in-plc/2489"}, {"source_name": "Omron", "description": "Omron Machine Information Systems 2007 How PLCs Work Retrieved. 2021/01/28  PLC Different Operating Modes Retrieved. 2021/01/28 ", "url": "https://www.omron-ap.com/service_support/FAQ/FAQ00002/index.asp#:~:text=In%20PROGRAM%20mode%2C%20the%20CPU,can%20be%20created%20or%20modified."}, {"source_name": "PLCgurus 2021", "description": "PLCgurus 2021 PLC Basics  Modes Of Operation Retrieved. 2021/01/28 ", "url": "https://www.plcgurus.net/plc-basics/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:01.578Z", "name": "Alarm Suppression", "description": "Adversaries may target protection function alarms to prevent them from notifying operators of critical conditions. Alarm messages may be a part of an overall reporting system and of particular interest for adversaries. Disruption of the alarm system does not imply the disruption of the reporting system as a whole.\n\nA Secura presentation on targeting OT notes a dual fold goal for adversaries attempting alarm suppression: prevent outgoing alarms from being raised and prevent incoming alarms from being responded to. (Citation: Jos Wetzels, Marina Krotofil 2019) The method of suppression may greatly depend on the type of alarm in question:  \n\n* An alarm raised by a protocol message \n* An alarm signaled with I/O \n* An alarm bit set in a flag (and read) \n\nIn ICS environments, the adversary may have to suppress or contend with multiple alarms and/or alarm propagation to achieve a specific goal to evade detection or prevent intended responses from occurring. 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Operating modes dictate what change or maintenance functions can be manipulated and are often controlled by a key switch on the PLC (e.g.,  run, prog [program], and remote). Knowledge of these states may be valuable to an adversary to determine if they are able to reprogram the PLC. Operating modes and the mechanisms by which they are selected often vary by vendor and product line. Some commonly implemented operating modes are described below:  \n\n* Program - This mode must be enabled before changes can be made to a devices program. This allows program uploads and downloads between the device and an engineering workstation. Often the PLCs logic Is halted, and all outputs may be forced off. (Citation: N.A. October 2017)  \n* Run - Execution of the devices program occurs in this mode. Input and output (values, points, tags, elements, etc.) are monitored and used according to the programs logic.[Program Upload](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0845) and [Program Download](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843) are disabled while in this mode. (Citation: Omron) (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)  (Citation: N.A. October 2017) (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)   \n* Remote - Allows for remote changes to a PLCs operation mode. (Citation: PLCgurus 2021)    \n* Stop - The PLC and program is stopped, while in this mode, outputs are forced off. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Reset - Conditions on the PLC are reset to their original states. Warm resets may retain some memory while cold resets will reset all I/O and data registers. (Citation: Machine Information Systems 2007)   \n* Test / Monitor mode - Similar to run mode, I/O is processed, although this mode allows for monitoring, force set, resets, and more generally tuning or debugging of the system. Often monitor mode may be used as a trial for initialization. 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This can result in equipment damage, prolonged process disruptions and hazards to personnel. \n\nMany faults and abnormal conditions in process control happen too quickly for a human operator to react to. Speed is critical in correcting these conditions to limit serious impacts such as Loss of Control and Property Damage. \n\nAdversaries may target and disable protective system functions as a prerequisite to subsequent attack execution or to allow for future faults and abnormal conditions to go unchecked. Detection of a Loss of Protection by operators can result in the shutdown of a process due to strict policies regarding protection systems. This can cause a Loss of Productivity and Revenue and may meet the technical goals of adversaries seeking to cause process disruptions.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2bb4d762-bf4a-4bc3-9318-15cc6a354163", "created": "2021-04-12T07:57:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0837", "external_id": "T0837"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.197Z", "name": "Monitor Process State", "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the physical process state. This information may be used to gain more information about the process itself or used as a trigger for malicious actions. The sources of process state information may vary such as, OPC tags, historian data, specific PLC block information, or network traffic.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0801", "external_id": "T0801"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.398Z", "name": "Scripting", "description": "Adversaries may use scripting languages to execute arbitrary code in the form of a pre-written script or in the form of user-supplied code to an interpreter. Scripting languages are programming languages that differ from compiled languages, in that scripting languages use an interpreter, instead of a compiler. These interpreters read and compile part of the source code just before it is executed, as opposed to compilers, which compile each and every line of code to an executable file. Scripting allows software developers to run their code on any system where the interpreter exists. This way, they can distribute one package, instead of precompiling executables for many different systems. Scripting languages, such as Python, have their interpreters shipped as a default with many Linux distributions. \n\nIn addition to being a useful tool for developers and administrators, scripting language interpreters may be abused by the adversary to execute code in the target environment. Due to the nature of scripting languages, this allows for weaponized code to be deployed to a target easily, and leaves open the possibility of on-the-fly scripting to perform a task.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: Process Creation", "Process: Process Metadata", "Module: Module Load", "Script: Script Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853", "external_id": "T0853"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.595Z", "name": "Remote System Information Discovery", "description": "An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about remote systems and their peripherals, such as make/model, role, and configuration. Adversaries may use information from Remote System Information Discovery to aid in targeting and shaping follow-on behaviors. For example, the system's operational role and model information can dictate whether it is a relevant target for the adversary's operational objectives. In addition, the system's configuration may be used to scope subsequent technique usage. \n\nRequests for system information are typically implemented using automation and management protocols and are often automatically requested by vendor software during normal operation. This information may be used to tailor management actions, such as program download and system or module firmware. An adversary may leverage this same information by issuing calls directly to the system's API.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "File: File Access", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "created": "2021-04-13T12:45:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888", "external_id": "T0888"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.785Z", "name": "Program Upload", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to upload a program from a PLC to gather information about an industrial process. Uploading a program may allow them to acquire and study the underlying logic. Methods of program upload include vendor software, which enables the user to upload and read a program running on a PLC. This software can be used to upload the target program to a workstation, jump box, or an interfacing device.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0845", "external_id": "T0845"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:02.990Z", "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application", "description": "Adversaries may leverage weaknesses to exploit internet-facing software for initial access into an industrial network. Internet-facing software may be user applications, underlying networking implementations, an assets operating system, weak defenses, etc. Targets of this technique may be intentionally exposed for the purpose of remote management and visibility.\n\nAn adversary may seek to target public-facing applications as they may provide direct access into an ICS environment or the ability to move into the ICS network. Publicly exposed applications may be found through online tools that scan the internet for open ports and services. Version numbers for the exposed application may provide adversaries an ability to target specific known vulnerabilities. Exposed control protocol or remote access ports found in Commonly Used Port may be of interest by adversaries.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0819", "external_id": "T0819"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.187Z", "name": "Data from Information Repositories", "description": "Adversaries may target and collect data from information repositories. This can include sensitive data such as specifications, schematics, or diagrams of control system layouts, devices, and processes. Examples of information repositories include reference databases in the process environment, as well as databases in the corporate network that might contain information about the ICS.(Citation: Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018)\n\nInformation collected from these systems may provide the adversary with a better understanding of the operational environment, vendors used, processes, or procedures of the ICS.\n\nIn a campaign between 2011 and 2013 against ONG organizations, Chinese state-sponsored actors searched document repositories for specific information such as, system manuals, remote terminal unit (RTU) sites, personnel lists, documents that included the string SCAD*, user credentials, and remote dial-up access information. (Citation: CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", "Network Share: Network Share Access", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0811", "external_id": "T0811"}, {"source_name": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018", "description": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency 2018, March 15 Alert (TA18-074A) Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Retrieved. 2019/10/11 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"}, {"source_name": "CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021", "description": "Department of Justice (DOJ), DHS Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) 2021, July 20 Chinese Gas Pipeline Intrusion Campaign, 2011 to 2013 Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA21-201A_Chinese_Gas_Pipeline_Intrusion_Campaign_2011_to_2013%20(1).pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.395Z", "name": "Transient Cyber Asset", "description": "Adversaries may target devices that are transient across ICS networks and external networks. Normally, transient assets are brought into an environment by authorized personnel and do not remain in that environment on a permanent basis. (Citation: North American Electric Reliability Corporation June 2021) Transient assets are commonly needed to support management functions and may be more common in systems where a remotely managed asset is not feasible, external connections for remote access do not exist, or 3rd party contractor/vendor access is required. \n\nAdversaries may take advantage of transient assets in different ways. For instance, adversaries may target a transient asset when it is connected to an external network and then leverage its trusted access in another environment to launch an attack. They may also take advantage of installed applications and libraries that are used by legitimate end-users to interact with control system devices. \n\nTransient assets, in some cases, may not be deployed with a secure configuration leading to weaknesses that could allow an adversary to propagate malicious executable code, e.g., the transient asset may be infected by malware and when connected to an ICS environment the malware propagates onto other systems. ", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--35392fb4-a31d-4c6a-b9f2-1c65b7f5e6b9", "created": "2021-10-14T15:25:32.143Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0864", "external_id": "T0864"}, {"source_name": "North American Electric Reliability Corporation June 2021", "description": "North American Electric Reliability Corporation 2021, June 28 Glossary of Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards Retrieved. 2021/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Glossary%20of%20Terms/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.589Z", "name": "Manipulate I/O Image", "description": "Adversaries may manipulate the I/O image of PLCs through various means to prevent them from functioning as expected. Methods of I/O image manipulation may include overriding the I/O table via direct memory manipulation or using the override function used for testing PLC programs. (Citation: Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson December 2010) During the scan cycle, a PLC reads the status of all inputs and stores them in an image table. (Citation: Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath) The image table is the PLCs internal storage location where values of inputs/outputs for one scan are stored while it executes the user program. After the PLC has solved the entire logic program, it updates the output image table. The contents of this output image table are written to the corresponding output points in I/O Modules. \n\nOne of the unique characteristics of PLCs is their ability to override the status of a physical discrete input or to override the logic driving a physical output coil and force the output to a desired status.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Asset: Software"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0835", "external_id": "T0835"}, {"source_name": "Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson December 2010", "description": "Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson 2010, December Programmable logic controller hardware Retrieved. 2018/03/29 ", "url": "https://www.isa.org/standards-and-publications/isa-publications/intech/2010/december/programmable-logic-controller-hardware/"}, {"source_name": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath", "description": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath Dr. Kelvin T. Erickson 2010, December Programmable logic controller hardware Retrieved. 2018/03/29  PLC Ladder Logic Basics Retrieved. 2021/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.ezautomation.net/industry-articles/plc-ladder-logic-basics.htm"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.783Z", "name": "Network Sniffing", "description": "Network sniffing is the practice of using a network interface on a computer system to monitor or capture information (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018) regardless of whether it is the specified destination for the information. \n\nAn adversary may attempt to sniff the traffic to gain information about the target. This information can vary in the level of importance. Relatively unimportant information is general communications to and from machines.  Relatively important information would be login information. User credentials may be sent over an unencrypted protocol, such as Telnet, that can be captured and obtained through network packet analysis. \n\nIn addition, ARP and Domain Name Service (DNS) poisoning can be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "Command: Command Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0842", "external_id": "T0842"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Network Sniffing Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1040"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:03.989Z", "name": "Rootkit", "description": "Adversaries may deploy rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting and modifying operating-system API calls that supply system information. Rootkits or rootkit-enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system, or lower. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)   \n\nFirmware rootkits that affect the operating system yield nearly full control of the system. While firmware rootkits are normally developed for the main processing board, they can also be developed for the I/O that is attached to an asset. Compromise of this firmware allows the modification of all of the process variables and functions the module engages in. This may result in commands being disregarded and false information being fed to the main device. By tampering with device processes, an adversary may inhibit its expected response functions and possibly enable [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Firmware: Firmware Modification"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0851", "external_id": "T0851"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Rootkit Retrieved. 2018/05/16 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1014"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2024-04-05T16:34:58.587Z", "name": "Automated Collection", "description": "Adversaries may automate collection of industrial environment information using tools or scripts. This automated collection may leverage native control protocols and tools available in the control systems environment. For example, the OPC protocol may be used to enumerate and gather information. Access to a system or interface with these native protocols may allow collection and enumeration of other attached, communicating servers and devices.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Script: Script Execution", "Command: Command Execution", "File: File Access", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0802", "external_id": "T0802"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.376Z", "name": "Block Reporting Message", "description": "Adversaries may block or prevent a reporting message from reaching its intended target. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. By blocking these reporting messages, an adversary can potentially hide their actions from an operator.\n\nBlocking reporting messages in control systems that manage physical processes may contribute to system impact, causing inhibition of a response function. A control system may not be able to respond in a proper or timely manner to an event, such as a dangerous fault, if its corresponding reporting message is blocked. (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)  (Citation: Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm", "Process: Process Termination", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0804", "external_id": "T0804"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems March 2016", "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems 2016, March 18 Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case Retrieved. 2018/03/27 ", "url": "https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt36c2e63521272fdc/blt6a77276749b76a40/607f235992f0063e5c070fff/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5%5b73%5d.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.582Z", "name": "Unauthorized Command Message", "description": "Adversaries may send unauthorized command messages to instruct control system assets to perform actions outside of their intended functionality, or without the logical preconditions to trigger their expected function. Command messages are used in ICS networks to give direct instructions to control systems devices. If an adversary can send an unauthorized command message to a control system, then it can instruct the control systems device to perform an action outside the normal bounds of the device's actions. An adversary could potentially instruct a control systems device to perform an action that will cause an [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105). (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)\n\nIn the Dallas Siren incident, adversaries were able to send command messages to activate tornado alarm systems across the city without an impending tornado or other disaster. (Citation: Zack Whittaker April 2017) (Citation: Benjamin Freed March 2019)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Process History/Live Data", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0855", "external_id": "T0855"}, {"source_name": "Benjamin Freed March 2019", "description": "Benjamin Freed 2019, March 13 Tornado sirens in Dallas suburbs deactivated after being hacked and set off Retrieved. 2020/11/06 ", "url": "https://statescoop.com/tornado-sirens-in-dallas-suburbs-deactivated-after-being-hacked-and-set-off/"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Zack Whittaker April 2017", "description": "Zack Whittaker 2017, April 12 Dallas' emergency sirens were hacked with a rogue radio signal Retrieved. 2020/11/06 ", "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/experts-think-they-know-how-dallas-emergency-sirens-were-hacked/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.784Z", "name": "Data Destruction", "description": "Adversaries may perform data destruction over the course of an operation. The adversary may drop or create malware, tools, or other non-native files on a target system to accomplish this, potentially leaving behind traces of malicious activities. Such non-native files and other data may be removed over the course of an intrusion to maintain a small footprint or as a standard part of the post-intrusion cleanup process. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)\n\nData destruction may also be used to render operator interfaces unable to respond and to disrupt response functions from occurring as expected. An adversary may also destroy data backups that are vital to recovery after an incident.\n\nStandard file deletion commands are available on most operating system and device interfaces to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Two examples are Windows Sysinternals SDelete and Active@ Killdisk.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Matan Dobrushin - Otorio"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Modification", "Process: Process Creation", "File: File Deletion", "Command: Command Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0809", "external_id": "T0809"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 File Deletion Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1107"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:04.993Z", "name": "Manipulation of View", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the information reported back to operators or controllers. This manipulation may be short term or sustained. During this time the process itself could be in a much different state than what is reported. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay) \n\nOperators may be fooled into doing something that is harmful to the system in a loss of view situation. With a manipulated view into the systems, operators may issue inappropriate control sequences that introduce faults or catastrophic failures into the system. Business analysis systems can also be provided with inaccurate data leading to bad management decisions.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0832", "external_id": "T0832"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee", "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297"}, {"source_name": "Tyson Macaulay", "description": "Tyson Macaulay Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Data Historian Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may compromise and gain control of a data historian to gain a foothold into the control system environment. Access to a data historian may be used to learn stored database archival and analysis information on the control system. A dual-homed data historian may provide adversaries an interface from the IT environment to the OT environment. \n\nDragos has released an updated analysis on CrashOverride that outlines the attack from the ICS network breach to payload delivery and execution.  (Citation: Industroyer - Dragos - 201810) The report summarized that CrashOverride represents a new application of malware, but relied on standard intrusion techniques. In particular, new artifacts include references to a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 host, with a SQL Server. Within the ICS environment, such a database server can act as a data historian. Dragos noted a device with this role should be \"expected to have extensive connections\" within the ICS environment. Adversary activity leveraged database capabilities to perform reconnaissance, including directory queries and network connectivity checks.\n\nPermissions Required: Administrator\n\nContributors: Joe Slowik - Dragos", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_permissions_required": ["Administrator"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--50d3222f-7550-4a3c-94e1-78cb6c81d064", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0810", "external_id": "T0810"}, {"source_name": "Industroyer - Dragos - 201810", "description": "Dragos. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Network Service Scanning", "description": "Network Service Scanning is the process of discovering services on networked systems.  This can be achieved through a technique called port scanning or probing.  Port scanning interacts with the TCP/IP ports on a target system to determine whether ports are open, closed, or filtered by a firewall.  This does not reveal the service that is running behind the port, but since many common services are run on [https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml specific port numbers], the type of service can be assumed.  More in-depth testing includes interaction with the actual service to determine the service type and specific version.  One of the most-popular tools to use for Network Service Scanning is [https://nmap.org/ Nmap].\n\nAn adversary may attempt to gain information about a target device and its role on the network via Network Service Scanning techniques, such as port scanning.  Network Service Scanning is useful for determining potential vulnerabilities in services on target devices.  Network Service Scanning is closely tied to .\n\nScanning ports can be noisy on a network. In some attacks, adversaries probe for specific ports using custom tools. This was specifically seen in the Triton and PLC-Blaster attacks.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--539d0484-fe95-485a-b654-86991c0d0d00", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0841", "external_id": "T0841"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.190Z", "name": "Indicator Removal on Host", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to remove indicators of their presence on a system in an effort to cover their tracks. In cases where an adversary may feel detection is imminent, they may try to overwrite, delete, or cover up changes they have made to the device.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: OS API Execution", "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", "File: File Metadata", "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion", "File: File Deletion", "File: File Modification", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0872", "external_id": "T0872"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.375Z", "name": "I/O Image", "description": "Adversaries may seek to capture process values related to the inputs and outputs of a PLC. During the scan cycle, a PLC reads the status of all inputs and stores them in an image table. (Citation: Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath) The image table is the PLCs internal storage location where values of inputs/outputs for one scan are stored while it executes the user program. After the PLC has solved the entire logic program, it updates the output image table. The contents of this output image table are written to the corresponding output points in I/O Modules.\n\nThe Input and Output Image tables described above make up the I/O Image on a PLC. This image is used by the user program instead of directly interacting with physical I/O. (Citation: Spenneberg, Ralf 2016) \n\nAdversaries may collect the I/O Image state of a PLC by utilizing a devices [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0834) to access the memory regions directly. The collection of the PLCs I/O state could be used to replace values or inform future stages of an attack.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Asset: Software"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--53a48c74-0025-45f4-b04a-baa853df8204", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0877", "external_id": "T0877"}, {"source_name": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath", "description": "Nanjundaiah, Vaidyanath   PLC Ladder Logic Basics Retrieved. 2021/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.ezautomation.net/industry-articles/plc-ladder-logic-basics.htm"}, {"source_name": "Spenneberg, Ralf 2016", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf 2016 PLC-Blaster Retrieved. 2019/06/06 ", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.576Z", "name": "Denial of View", "description": "Adversaries may cause a denial of view in attempt to disrupt and prevent operator oversight on the status of an ICS environment. This may manifest itself as a temporary communication failure between a device and its control source, where the interface recovers and becomes available once the interference ceases. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay) \n\nAn adversary may attempt to deny operator visibility by preventing them from receiving status and reporting messages. Denying this view may temporarily block and prevent operators from noticing a change in state or anomalous behavior. The environment's data and processes may still be operational, but functioning in an unintended or adversarial manner. ", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--56ddc820-6cfb-407f-850b-52c035d123ac", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0815", "external_id": "T0815"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. 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Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.776Z", "name": "Execution through API", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to leverage Application Program Interfaces (APIs) used for communication between control software and the hardware. Specific functionality is often coded into APIs which can be called by software to engage specific functions on a device or other software.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0871", "external_id": "T0871"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:05.975Z", "name": "Supply Chain Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may perform supply chain compromise to gain control systems environment access by means of infected products, software, and workflows. Supply chain compromise is the manipulation of products, such as devices or software, or their delivery mechanisms before receipt by the end consumer. Adversary compromise of these products and mechanisms is done for the goal of data or system compromise, once infected products are introduced to the target environment. \n\nSupply chain compromise can occur at all stages of the supply chain, from manipulation of development tools and environments to manipulation of developed products and tools distribution mechanisms. This may involve the compromise and replacement of legitimate software and patches, such as on third party or vendor websites. Targeting of supply chain compromise can be done in attempts to infiltrate the environments of a specific audience. In control systems environments with assets in both the IT and OT networks, it is possible a supply chain compromise affecting the IT environment could enable further access to the OT environment.   \n\nCounterfeit devices may be introduced to the global supply chain posing safety and cyber risks to asset owners and operators. These devices may not meet the safety, engineering and manufacturing requirements of regulatory bodies but may feature tagging indicating conformance with industry standards. Due to the lack of adherence to standards and overall lesser quality, the counterfeit products may pose a serious safety and operational risk. (Citation: Control Global May 2019) \n\nYokogawa identified instances in which their customers received counterfeit differential pressure transmitters using the Yokogawa logo. The counterfeit transmitters were nearly indistinguishable with a semblance of functionality and interface that mimics the genuine product. (Citation: Control Global May 2019) \n\nF-Secure Labs analyzed the approach the adversary used to compromise victim systems with Havex. (Citation: Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen June 2014) The adversary planted trojanized software installers available on legitimate ICS/SCADA vendor websites. After being downloaded, this software infected the host computer with a Remote Access Trojan (RAT).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Metadata"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0862", "external_id": "T0862"}, {"source_name": "Control Global May 2019", "description": "Control Global 2019, May 29 Yokogawa announcement warns of counterfeit transmitters Retrieved. 2021/04/09 ", "url": "https://www.controlglobal.com/industrynews/2019/yokogawa-announcement-warns-of-counterfeit-transmitters/"}, {"source_name": "Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen June 2014", "description": "Daavid Hentunen, Antti Tikkanen 2014, June 23 Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2019/04/01 ", "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002718.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Serial Connection Enumeration", "description": "Adversaries may perform serial connection enumeration to gather situational awareness after gaining access to devices in the OT network. Control systems devices often communicate to each other via various types of serial communication mediums. These serial communications are used to facilitate informational communication, as well as commands.  Serial Connection Enumeration differs from I/O Module Discovery, as I/O modules are auxiliary systems to the main system, and devices that are connected via serial connection are normally discrete systems.\n\nWhile IT and OT networks may work in tandem, the exact structure of the OT network may not be discernible from the IT network alone. After gaining access to a device on the OT network, an adversary may be able to enumerate the serial connections. From this perspective, the adversary can see the specific physical devices to which the compromised device is connected to. This gives the adversary greater situational awareness and can influence the actions that the adversary can take in an attack.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Input/Output Server", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5f3da2f3-91c8-4d8b-a02f-bf43a11def55", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0854", "external_id": "T0854"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.171Z", "name": "Loss of Safety", "description": "Adversaries may compromise safety system functions designed to maintain safe operation of a process when unacceptable or dangerous conditions occur. Safety systems are often composed of the same elements as control systems but have the sole purpose of ensuring the process fails in a predetermined safe manner. \n\nMany unsafe conditions in process control happen too quickly for a human operator to react to. Speed is critical in correcting these conditions to limit serious impacts such as Loss of Control and Property Damage. \n\nAdversaries may target and disable safety system functions as a prerequisite to subsequent attack execution or to allow for future unsafe conditionals to go unchecked. Detection of a Loss of Safety by operators can result in the shutdown of a process due to strict policies regarding safety systems. This can cause a Loss of Productivity and Revenue and may meet the technical goals of adversaries seeking to cause process disruptions.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--5fa00fdd-4a55-4191-94a0-564181d7fec2", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0880", "external_id": "T0880"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.362Z", "name": "Loss of Productivity and Revenue", "description": "Adversaries may cause loss of productivity and revenue through disruption and even damage to the availability and integrity of control system operations, devices, and related processes. This technique may manifest as a direct effect of an ICS-targeting attack or tangentially, due to an IT-targeting attack against non-segregated environments. \n\nIn cases where these operations or services are brought to a halt, the loss of productivity may eventually present an impact for the end-users or consumers of products and services. The disrupted supply-chain may result in supply shortages and increased prices, among other consequences. \n\nA ransomware attack on an Australian beverage company resulted in the shutdown of some manufacturing sites, including precautionary halts to protect key systems. (Citation: Paganini, Pierluigi June 2020) The company announced the potential for temporary shortages of their products following the attack. (Citation: Paganini, Pierluigi June 2020) (Citation: Lion Corporation June 2020) \n\nIn the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware incident, the pipeline was unable to transport approximately 2.5 million barrels of fuel per day to the East Coast.  (Citation: Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--63b6942d-8359-4506-bfb3-cf87aa8120ee", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0828", "external_id": "T0828"}, {"source_name": "Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021", "description": "Colonial Pipeline Company 2021, May Media Statement Update: Colonial Pipeline System Disruption Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://www.colpipe.com/news/press-releases/media-statement-colonial-pipeline-system-disruption"}, {"source_name": "Lion Corporation June 2020", "description": "Lion Corporation 2020, June 26 Lion Cyber incident update: 26 June 2020 Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://lionco.com/2020/06/26/lion-update-re-cyber-issue/"}, {"source_name": "Paganini, Pierluigi June 2020", "description": "Paganini, Pierluigi 2020, June 14 Ransomware attack disrupts operations at Australian beverage company Lion Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/104749/cyber-crime/ransomware-attack-hit-lion.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.577Z", "name": "Spearphishing Attachment", "description": "Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0863) to gain execution and access. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK October 2019) \n\nA Chinese spearphishing campaign running from December 9, 2011 through February 29, 2012, targeted ONG organizations and their employees. The emails were constructed with a high level of sophistication to convince employees to open the malicious file attachments. (Citation: CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "File: File Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865", "external_id": "T0865"}, {"source_name": "CISA AA21-201A Pipeline Intrusion July 2021", "description": "Department of Justice (DOJ), DHS Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) 2021, July 20 Chinese Gas Pipeline Intrusion Campaign, 2011 to 2013 Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA21-201A_Chinese_Gas_Pipeline_Intrusion_Campaign_2011_to_2013%20(1).pdf"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK October 2019", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2019, October 25 Spearphishing Attachment Retrieved. 2019/10/25 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Location Identification", "description": "Adversaries may perform location identification using device data to inform operations and targeted impact for attacks. Location identification data can come in a number of forms, including geographic location, location relative to other control system devices, time zone, and current time. An adversary may use an embedded global positioning system (GPS) module in a device to figure out the physical coordinates of a device. NIST SP800-82 recommends that devices utilize GPS or another location determining mechanism to attach appropriate timestamps to log entries (Citation: Guidance - NIST SP800-82). While this assists in logging and event tracking, an adversary could use the underlying positioning mechanism to determine the general location of a device. An adversary can also infer the physical location of serially connected devices by using serial connection enumeration. \n\nAn adversary attempt to attack and cause Impact could potentially affect other control system devices in close proximity. Device local-time and time-zone settings can also provide adversaries a rough indicator of device location, when specific geographic identifiers cannot be determined from the system.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Control Server"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--7374ab87-0782-41f8-b415-678c0950bb2a", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0825", "external_id": "T0825"}, {"source_name": "Guidance - NIST SP800-82", "description": "Keith Stouffer. (2015, May). Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security. Retrieved March 28, 2018.", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2024-04-08T18:54:40.925Z", "name": "Autorun Image", "description": "Adversaries may leverage AutoRun functionality or scripts to execute malicious code. Devices configured to enable AutoRun functionality or legacy operating systems may be susceptible to abuse of these features to run malicious code stored on various forms of removeable media (i.e., USB, Disk Images [.ISO]). Commonly, AutoRun or AutoPlay are disabled in many operating systems configurations to mitigate against this technique. If a device is configured to enable AutoRun or AutoPlay, adversaries may execute code on the device by mounting the removable media to the device, either through physical or virtual means. This may be especially relevant for virtual machine environments where disk images may be dynamically mapped to a guest system on a hypervisor.  \n\nAn example could include an adversary gaining access to a hypervisor through the management interface to modify a virtual machine\u2019s hardware configuration. They could then deploy an iso image with a malicious AutoRun script to cause the virtual machine to automatically execute the code contained on the disk image. This would enable the execution of malicious code within a virtual machine without needing any prior remote access to that system.\n", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Drive: Drive Creation", "Process: Process Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--77d9c726-b53e-481d-8bcc-1068aebfbb9d", "created": "2024-03-26T15:39:19.473Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0895", "external_id": "T0895"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.780Z", "name": "Drive-by Compromise", "description": "Adversaries may gain access to a system during a drive-by compromise, when a user visits a website as part of a regular browsing session. With this technique, the user's web browser is targeted and exploited simply by visiting the compromised website. \n\nThe adversary may target a specific community, such as trusted third party suppliers or other industry specific groups, which often visit the target website. This kind of targeted attack relies on a common interest, and is known as a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack. \n\nThe National Cyber Awareness System (NCAS) has issued a Technical Alert (TA) regarding Russian government cyber activity targeting critical infrastructure sectors. (Citation: Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018) Analysis by DHS and FBI has noted two distinct categories of victims in the Dragonfly campaign on the Western energy sector: staging and intended targets. The adversary targeted the less secure networks of staging targets, including trusted third-party suppliers and related peripheral organizations. Initial access to the intended targets used watering hole attacks to target process control, ICS, and critical infrastructure related trade publications and informational websites.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content", "Process: Process Creation", "File: File Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0817", "external_id": "T0817"}, {"source_name": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency March 2018", "description": "Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency 2018, March 15 Alert (TA18-074A) Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Retrieved. 2019/10/11 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:06.993Z", "name": "Damage to Property", "description": "Adversaries may cause damage and destruction of property to infrastructure, equipment, and the surrounding environment when attacking control systems. This technique may result in device and operational equipment breakdown, or represent tangential damage from other techniques used in an attack. Depending on the severity of physical damage and disruption caused to control processes and systems, this technique may result in [Loss of Safety](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0880). Operations that result in [Loss of Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0827) may also cause damage to property, which may be directly or indirectly motivated by an adversary seeking to cause impact in the form of [Loss of Productivity and Revenue](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0828). \n\n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) reported a targeted attack on a steel mill under an incidents affecting business section of its 2014 IT Security Report. (Citation: BSI State of IT Security 2014)  These targeted attacks affected industrial operations and resulted in breakdowns of control system components and even entire installations. As a result of these breakdowns, massive impact and damage resulted from the uncontrolled shutdown of a blast furnace. \n\nA Polish student used a remote controller device to interface with the Lodz city tram system in Poland. (Citation: John Bill May 2017) (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008) Using this remote, the student was able to capture and replay legitimate tram signals. This resulted in damage to impacted trams, people, and the surrounding property. Reportedly, four trams were derailed and were forced to make emergency stops. (Citation: Shelley Smith February 2008) Commands issued by the student may have also resulted in tram collisions, causing harm to those on board and the environment outside. (Citation: Bruce Schneier January 2008)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--83ebd22f-b401-4d59-8219-2294172cf916", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0879", "external_id": "T0879"}, {"source_name": "Bruce Schneier January 2008", "description": "Bruce Schneier 2008, January 17 Hacking Polish Trams Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/01/hacking_the_pol.html"}, {"source_name": "BSI State of IT Security 2014", "description": "Bundesamt fr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) (German Federal Office for Information Security) 2014 Die Lage der IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (The State of IT Security in Germany) Retrieved. 2019/10/30 ", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3"}, {"source_name": "John Bill May 2017", "description": "John Bill 2017, May 12 Hacked Cyber Security Railways Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://www.londonreconnections.com/2017/hacked-cyber-security-railways/"}, {"source_name": "Shelley Smith February 2008", "description": "Shelley Smith 2008, February 12 Teen Hacker in Poland Plays Trains and Derails City Tram System Retrieved. 2019/10/17 ", "url": "https://inhomelandsecurity.com/teen_hacker_in_poland_plays_tr/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:07.260Z", "name": "Spoof Reporting Message", "description": "Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values. \n\nIf an adversary has the ability to Spoof Reporting Messages, they can impact the control system in many ways. The adversary can Spoof Reporting Messages that state that the process is operating normally, as a form of evasion. The adversary could also Spoof Reporting Messages to make the defenders and operators think that other errors are occurring in order to distract them from the actual source of a problem. 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These default credentials may have administrative permissions and may be necessary for initial configuration of the device. It is general best practice to change the passwords for these accounts as soon as possible, but some manufacturers may have devices that have passwords or usernames that cannot be changed. (Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)\n\nDefault credentials are normally documented in an instruction manual that is either packaged with the device, published online through official means, or published online through unofficial means. 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These services allow users to connect to internal network resources from external locations. Examples are VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms. Remote service gateways often manage connections and credential authentication for these services. (Citation: Daniel Oakley, Travis Smith, Tripwire)\n\nExternal remote services allow administration of a control system from outside the system. Often, vendors and internal engineering groups have access to external remote services to control system networks via the corporate network. In some cases, this access is enabled directly from the internet. While remote access enables ease of maintenance when a control system is in a remote area, compromise of remote access solutions is a liability. The adversary may use these services to gain access to and execute attacks against a control system network. Access to valid accounts is often a requirement. \n\nAs they look for an entry point into the control system network, adversaries may begin searching for existing point-to-point VPN implementations at trusted third party networks or through remote support employee connections where split tunneling is enabled. 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Brute Force I/O may be achieved by changing either a range of I/O point values or a single point value repeatedly to manipulate a process function. The adversary's goal and the information they have about the target environment will influence which of the options they choose. In the case of brute forcing a range of point values, the adversary may be able to achieve an impact without targeting a specific point. In the case where a single point is targeted, the adversary may be able to generate instability on the process function associated with that particular point. \n\nAdversaries may use Brute Force I/O to cause failures within various industrial processes. 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State information reveals information about the program, including whether it's running, halted, stopped, or has generated an exception. This information may be leveraged as a verification of malicious program execution or to determine if a PLC is ready to download a new program.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--94f042ae-3033-4a8d-9ec3-26396533a541", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0870", "external_id": "T0870"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.233Z", "name": "Adversary-in-the-Middle", "description": "Adversaries with privileged network access may seek to modify network traffic in real time using adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) attacks. (Citation: Gabriel Sanchez October 2017) This type of attack allows the adversary to intercept traffic to and/or from a particular device on the network. If a AiTM attack is established, then the adversary has the ability to block, log, modify, or inject traffic into the communication stream. There are several ways to accomplish this attack, but some of the most-common are Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning and the use of a proxy. (Citation: Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011)  \n\nAn AiTM attack may allow an adversary to perform the following attacks:  \n[Block Reporting Message](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0804), [Spoof Reporting Message](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856), [Modify Parameter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0836), [Unauthorized Command Message](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0855)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Conrad Layne - GE Digital"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "2.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", "Process: Process Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Service: Service Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0830", "external_id": "T0830"}, {"source_name": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011", "description": "Bonnie Zhu, Anthony Joseph, Shankar Sastry 2011 A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks on SCADA Systems Retrieved. 2018/01/12 ", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6142258"}, {"source_name": "Gabriel Sanchez October 2017", "description": "Gabriel Sanchez 2017, October Man-In-The-Middle Attack Against Modbus TCP Illustrated with Wireshark Retrieved. 2020/01/05 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/man-in-the-middle-attack-modbus-tcp-illustrated-wireshark-38095"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.425Z", "name": "Exploitation for Evasion", "description": "Adversaries may exploit a software vulnerability to take advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to evade detection. Vulnerabilities may exist in software that can be used to disable or circumvent security features.  \n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge through [Remote System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888) about security features implemented on control devices. These device security features will likely be targeted directly for exploitation. There are examples of firmware RAM/ROM consistency checks on control devices being targeted by adversaries to enable the installation of malicious [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0857).", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0820", "external_id": "T0820"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.613Z", "name": "Loss of Control", "description": "Adversaries may seek to achieve a sustained loss of control or a runaway condition in which operators cannot issue any commands even if the malicious interference has subsided. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay)\n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) reported a targeted attack on a steel mill in its 2014 IT Security Report.(Citation: BSI State of IT Security 2014) These targeted attacks affected industrial operations and resulted in breakdowns of control system components and even entire installations. As a result of these breakdowns, massive impact resulted in damage and unsafe conditions from the uncontrolled shutdown of a blast furnace.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Dragos Threat Intelligence"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0827", "external_id": "T0827"}, {"source_name": "BSI State of IT Security 2014", "description": "Bundesamt fr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) (German Federal Office for Information Security) 2014 Die Lage der IT-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (The State of IT Security in Germany) Retrieved. 2019/10/30 ", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publications/Securitysituation/IT-Security-Situation-in-Germany-2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. 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Program state changes may be used to allow for another program to take over control or be loaded onto the device.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--a8cfd474-9358-464f-a169-9c6f099a8e8a", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0875", "external_id": "T0875"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:08.803Z", "name": "Hooking", "description": "Adversaries may hook into application programming interface (API) functions used by processes to redirect calls for execution and privilege escalation means. Windows processes often leverage these API functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK)\n\nOne type of hooking seen in ICS involves redirecting calls to these functions via import address table (IAT) hooking. IAT hooking uses modifications to a process IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored. 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This device information can also be used to understand device functionality and inform the decision to target the environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--abb0a255-eb9c-48d0-8f5c-874bb84c0e45", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0808", "external_id": "T0808"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Program Organization Units", "description": "Program Organizational Units (POUs) are block structures used within PLC programming to create programs and projects. (Citation: Guidance - IEC61131) POUs can be used to hold user programs written in IEC 61131-3 languages: Structured text, Instruction list, Function block, and Ladder logic. (Citation: Guidance - IEC61131) Application - 201203 They can also provide additional functionality, such as establishing connections between the PLC and other devices using TCON. (Citation: PLCBlaster - Spenneberg)\n  \nStuxnet uses a simple code-prepending infection technique to infect Organization Blocks (OB). For example, the following sequence of actions is performed when OB1 is infected  (Citation: Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102):\n*Increase the size of the original block.\n*Write malicious code to the beginning of the block.\n*Insert the original OB1 code after the malicious code.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--ae62fe1a-ea1a-479b-8dc0-65d250bd8bc7", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0844", "external_id": "T0844"}, {"source_name": "Guidance - IEC61131", "description": "John Karl-Heinz. (n.d.). Programming Industrial Automation Systems. Retrieved October 22, 2019.", "url": "http://www.dee.ufrj.br/controle%20automatico/cursos/IEC61131-3%20Programming%20Industrial%20Automation%20Systems.pdf"}, {"source_name": "PLCBlaster - Spenneberg", "description": "Spenneberg, Ralf, Maik Br\u00fcggemann, and Hendrik Schwartke. (2016, March 31). Plc-blaster: A worm living solely in the plc.. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Stuxnet - Symantec - 201102", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4). 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An adversary can use this access to execute programs and applications on the target machine.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "Command: Command Execution", "Module: Module Load", "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0823", "external_id": "T0823"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.193Z", "name": "Rogue Master", "description": "Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. 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Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes. (Citation: The MITRE Corporation May 2017) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations. \n\nFunctionality provided by native APIs are often also exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries. For example, functions such as memcpy and direct operations on memory registers can be used to modify user and system memory space.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "execution"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "created": "2021-04-13T12:36:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0834", "external_id": "T0834"}, {"source_name": "The MITRE Corporation May 2017", "description": "The MITRE Corporation 2017, May 31 ATT&CK T1106: Native API Retrieved. 2021/04/26 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.581Z", "name": "Loss of Availability", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to disrupt essential components or systems to prevent owner and operator from delivering products or services. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay) \n\nAdversaries may leverage malware to delete or encrypt critical data on HMIs, workstations, or databases.\n\nIn the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware incident, pipeline operations were temporally halted on May 7th and were not fully restarted until May 12th. (Citation: Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0826", "external_id": "T0826"}, {"source_name": "Colonial Pipeline Company May 2021", "description": "Colonial Pipeline Company 2021, May Media Statement Update: Colonial Pipeline System Disruption Retrieved. 2021/10/08 ", "url": "https://www.colpipe.com/news/press-releases/media-statement-colonial-pipeline-system-disruption"}, {"source_name": "Corero", "description": "Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/files/whitepapers/cns_whitepaper_ics.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Michael J. 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Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.780Z", "name": "Theft of Operational Information", "description": "Adversaries may steal operational information on a production environment as a direct mission outcome for personal gain or to inform future operations. This information may include design documents, schedules, rotational data, or similar artifacts that provide insight on operations.    In the Bowman Dam incident, adversaries probed systems for operational data. (Citation: Mark Thompson March 2016) (Citation: Danny Yadron December 2015)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impact"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0882", "external_id": "T0882"}, {"source_name": "Mark Thompson March 2016", "description": "Mark Thompson 2016, March 24 Iranian Cyber Attack on New York Dam Shows Future of War Retrieved. 2019/11/07 ", "url": "https://time.com/4270728/iran-cyber-attack-dam-fbi/"}, {"source_name": "Danny Yadron December 2015", "description": "Danny Yadron 2015, December 20 Iranian Hackers Infiltrated New York Dam in 2013 Retrieved. 2019/11/07 ", "url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/iranian-hackers-infiltrated-new-york-dam-in-2013-1450662559"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:09.988Z", "name": "System Firmware", "description": "System firmware on modern assets is often designed with an update feature. Older device firmware may be factory installed and require special reprograming equipment. When available, the firmware update feature enables vendors to remotely patch bugs and perform upgrades. Device firmware updates are often delegated to the user and may be done using a software update package. It may also be possible to perform this task over the network. \n\nAn adversary may exploit the firmware update feature on accessible devices to upload malicious or out-of-date firmware. Malicious modification of device firmware may provide an adversary with root access to a device, given firmware is one of the lowest programming abstraction layers. 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Possible disguises of these masquerading files can include commonly found programs, expected vendor executables and configuration files, and other commonplace application and naming conventions. By impersonating expected and vendor-relevant files and applications, operators and engineers may not notice the presence of the underlying malicious content and possibly end up running those masquerading as legitimate functions. \n\nApplications and other files commonly found on Windows systems or in engineering workstations have been impersonated before. This can be as simple as renaming a file to effectively disguise it in the ICS environment.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "evasion"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Service: Service Creation", "File: File Modification", "Process: Process Metadata", "Command: Command Execution", "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification", "Service: Service Modification", "File: File Metadata", "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0849", "external_id": "T0849"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.374Z", "name": "Program Download", "description": "Adversaries may perform a program download to transfer a user program to a controller. \n\nVariations of program download, such as online edit and program append, allow a controller to continue running during the transfer and reconfiguration process without interruption to process control. However, before starting a full program download (i.e., download all) a controller may need to go into a stop state. This can have negative consequences on the physical process, especially if the controller is not able to fulfill a time-sensitive action. Adversaries may choose to avoid a download all in favor of an online edit or program append to avoid disrupting the physical process. An adversary may need to use the technique Detect Operating Mode or Change Operating Mode to make sure the controller is in the proper mode to accept a program download.\n\nThe granularity of control to transfer a user program in whole or parts is dictated by the management protocol (e.g., S7CommPlus, TriStation) and underlying controller API. Thus, program download is a high-level term for the suite of vendor-specific API calls used to configure a controllers user program memory space.  \n\n[Modify Controller Tasking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0821) and [Modify Program](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0889) represent the configuration changes that are transferred to a controller via a program download.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Operational Databases: Device Alarm", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Asset: Asset Inventory", "Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843", "external_id": "T0843"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.581Z", "name": "Replication Through Removable Media", "description": "Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.     \n\nOperators of the German nuclear power plant, Gundremmingen, discovered malware on a facility computer not connected to the internet. (Citation: Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen April 2016) (Citation: Trend Micro April 2016) The malware included Conficker and W32.Ramnit, which were also found on eighteen removable disk drives in the facility. (Citation: Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard April 2016) (Citation: Catalin Cimpanu April 2016) (Citation: Peter Dockrill April 2016) (Citation: Lee Mathews April 2016) (Citation: Sean Gallagher April 2016) (Citation: Dark Reading Staff April 2016) The plant has since checked for infection and cleaned up more than 1,000 computers. (Citation: BBC April 2016) An ESET researcher commented that internet disconnection does not guarantee system safety from infection or payload execution. (Citation: ESET April 2016)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Process: Process Creation", "File: File Creation", "Drive: Drive Creation", "File: File Access"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847", "external_id": "T0847"}, {"source_name": "BBC April 2016", "description": "BBC 2016, April 28 German nuclear plant hit by computer viruses Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36158606"}, {"source_name": "Catalin Cimpanu April 2016", "description": "Catalin Cimpanu 2016, April 26 Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://news.softpedia.com/news/on-chernobyl-s-30th-anniversary-malware-shuts-down-german-nuclear-power-plant-503429.shtml"}, {"source_name": "Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard April 2016", "description": "Christoph Steitz, Eric Auchard 2016, April 26 German nuclear plant infected with computer viruses, operator says Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuclearpower-cyber-germany/german-nuclear-plant-infected-with-computer-viruses-operator-says-idUSKCN0XN2OS"}, {"source_name": "Dark Reading Staff April 2016", "description": "Dark Reading Staff 2016, April 28 German Nuclear Power Plant Infected With Malware Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/endpoint/german-nuclear-power-plant-infected-with-malware/d/d-id/1325298"}, {"source_name": "ESET April 2016", "description": "ESET 2016, April 28 Malware found at a German nuclear power plant Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/04/28/malware-found-german-nuclear-power-plant/"}, {"source_name": "Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen April 2016", "description": "Kernkraftwerk Gundremmingen 2016, April 25 Detektion von Bro-Schadsoftware an mehreren Rechnern Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.kkw-gundremmingen.de/presse.php?id=571"}, {"source_name": "Lee Mathews April 2016", "description": "Lee Mathews 2016, April 27 German nuclear plant found riddled with Conficker, other viruses Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.geek.com/apps/german-nuclear-plant-found-riddled-with-conficker-other-viruses-1653415/"}, {"source_name": "Peter Dockrill April 2016", "description": "Peter Dockrill 2016, April 28 Multiple Computer Viruses Have Been Discovered in This German Nuclear Plant Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.sciencealert.com/multiple-computer-viruses-have-been-discovered-in-this-german-nuclear-plant"}, {"source_name": "Sean Gallagher April 2016", "description": "Sean Gallagher 2016, April 27 German nuclear plants fuel rod system swarming with old malware Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/04/german-nuclear-plants-fuel-rod-system-swarming-with-old-malware/"}, {"source_name": "Trend Micro April 2016", "description": "Trend Micro 2016, April 27 Malware Discovered in German Nuclear Power Plant Retrieved. 2019/10/14 ", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cyber-attacks/malware-discovered-in-german-nuclear-power-plant"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.768Z", "name": "Screen Capture", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to perform screen capture of devices in the control system environment. Screenshots may be taken of workstations, HMIs, or other devices that display environment-relevant process, device, reporting, alarm, or related data. These device displays may reveal information regarding the ICS process, layout, control, and related schematics. In particular, an HMI can provide a lot of important industrial process information. (Citation: ICS-CERT October 2017) Analysis of screen captures may provide the adversary with an understanding of intended operations and interactions between critical devices.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "collection"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0852", "external_id": "T0852"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT October 2017", "description": "ICS-CERT 2017, October 21 Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors Retrieved. 2017/10/23 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:10.962Z", "name": "Hardcoded Credentials", "description": "Adversaries may leverage credentials that are hardcoded in software or firmware to gain an unauthorized interactive user session to an asset. Examples credentials that may be hardcoded in an asset include:\n\n* Username/Passwords\n* Cryptographic keys/Certificates\n* API tokens\n\nUnlike [Default Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0812), these credentials are built into the system in a way that they either cannot be changed by the asset owner, or may be infeasible to change because of the impact it would cause to the control system operation. These credentials may be reused across whole product lines or device models and are often not published or known to the owner and operators of the asset. \n\nAdversaries may utilize these hardcoded credentials to move throughout the control system environment or provide reliable access for their tools to interact with industrial assets. \n", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Aagam Shah, @neutrinoguy, ABB"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--c9a8d958-fcdb-40d2-af4c-461c8031651a", "created": "2022-09-29T13:35:38.589Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0891", "external_id": "T0891"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.152Z", "name": "Valid Accounts", "description": "Adversaries may steal the credentials of a specific user or service account using credential access techniques. In some cases, default credentials for control system devices may be publicly available. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on hosts and within the network, and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems. Compromised and default credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems and devices or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools, in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide, to make it harder to detect their presence or to control devices and send legitimate commands in an unintended way. \n\nAdversaries may also create accounts, sometimes using predefined account names and passwords, to provide a means of backup access for persistence. (Citation: Booz Allen Hamilton) \n\nThe overlap of credentials and permissions across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator)  and possibly between the enterprise and operational technology environments. Adversaries may be able to leverage valid credentials from one system to gain access to another system.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "lateral-movement"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["User Account: User Account Authentication", "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0859", "external_id": "T0859"}, {"source_name": "Booz Allen Hamilton", "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton   When The Lights Went Out Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.342Z", "name": "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation", "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security constructs such as permission levels will often hinder access to information and use of certain techniques, so adversaries will likely need to perform privilege escalation to include use of software exploitation to circumvent those restrictions. (Citation: The MITRE Corporation) \n\nWhen initially gaining access to a system, an adversary may be operating within a lower privileged process which will prevent them from accessing certain resources on the system. Vulnerabilities may exist, usually in operating system components and software commonly running at higher permissions, that can be exploited to gain higher levels of access on the system. This could enable someone to move from unprivileged or user level permissions to SYSTEM or root permissions depending on the component that is vulnerable. This may be a necessary step for an adversary compromising an endpoint system that has been properly configured and limits other privilege escalation methods. (Citation: The MITRE Corporation)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Application Log: Application Log Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--cfe68e93-ce94-4c0f-a57d-3aa72cedd618", "created": "2021-04-13T12:08:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0890", "external_id": "T0890"}, {"source_name": "The MITRE Corporation", "description": "The MITRE Corporation The MITRE Corporation   ATT&CK T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Retrieved. 2021/04/12  ATT&CK T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Retrieved. 2021/04/12 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.536Z", "name": "Remote System Discovery", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Access", "Process: Process Creation", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846", "external_id": "T0846"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Remote System Discovery Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1018"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-05-08T20:13:24.241Z", "name": "Engineering Workstation Compromise", "description": "Adversaries will compromise and gain control of an engineering workstation for Initial Access into the control system environment. Access to an engineering workstation may occur through or physical means, such as a Valid Accounts with privileged access or infection by removable media. A dual-homed engineering workstation may allow the adversary access into multiple networks. For example, unsegregated process control, safety system, or information system networks. An Engineering Workstation is designed as a reliable computing platform that configures, maintains, and diagnoses control system equipment and applications. Compromise of an engineering workstation may provide access to, and control of, other control system applications and equipment. In the Maroochy attack, the adversary utilized a computer, possibly stolen, with proprietary engineering software to communicate with a wastewater system.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "initial-access"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Joe Slowik - Dragos"], "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Engineering Workstation"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--d614a9cf-18eb-4800-81e4-ab8ddf0baa73", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0818", "external_id": "T0818"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.730Z", "name": "Connection Proxy", "description": "Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications.\n\nThe definition of a proxy can also be expanded to encompass trust relationships between networks in peer-to-peer, mesh, or trusted connections between networks consisting of hosts or systems that regularly communicate with each other.\n\nThe network may be within a single organization or across multiple organizations with trust relationships. Adversaries could use these types of relationships to manage command and control communications, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0884", "external_id": "T0884"}, {"source_name": "Enterprise ATT&CK January 2018", "description": "Enterprise ATT&CK 2018, January 11 Connection Proxy Retrieved. 2018/05/17 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1090"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:11.924Z", "name": "Standard Application Layer Protocol", "description": "Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port.  Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869", "external_id": "T0869"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"x_mitre_platforms": ["Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e0d74479-86d2-465d-bf36-903ebecef43e", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.401Z", "name": "Modify Control Logic", "description": "Adversaries may place malicious code in a system, which can cause the system to malfunction by modifying its control logic. Control system devices use programming languages (e.g. relay ladder logic) to control physical processes by affecting actuators, which cause machines to operate, based on environment sensor readings. These devices often include the ability to perform remote control logic updates. \n\nProgram code is normally edited in a vendor-specific Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that relies on proprietary tools and features. These IDEs allow an engineer to perform host target development and may have the ability to run the code on the machine it is programmed for. The IDE will transmit the control logic to the testing device, and will perform the required device-specific functions to apply the changes and make them active.\n\nAn adversary may attempt to use this host target IDE to modify device control logic. Even though proprietary tools are often used to edit and update control logic, the process can usually be reverse-engineered and reproduced with open-source tools.\n\nAn adversary can de-calibrate a sensor by removing functions in control logic that account for sensor error. This can be used to change a control process without actually spoofing command messages to a controller or device. \n\nIt is believed this process happened in the lesser known over-pressurizer attacks build into Stuxnet. Pressure sensors are not perfect at translating pressure into an analog output signal, but their errors can be corrected by calibration. The pressure controller can be told what the \u201creal\u201d pressure is for given analog signals and then automatically linearize the measurement to what would be the \u201creal\u201d pressure. If the linearization is overwritten by malicious code on the S7-417 controller, analog pressure readings will be \u201ccorrected\u201d during the attack by the pressure controller, which then interprets all analog pressure readings as perfectly normal pressure no matter how high or low their analog values are. The pressure controller then acts accordingly by never opening the stage exhaust valves. In the meantime, actual pressure keeps rising. (Citation: Stuxnet - Langner - 201311)\n\nIn the Maroochy Attack, Vitek Boden gained remote computer access to the control system and altered data so that whatever function should have occurred at affected pumping stations did not occur or occurred in a different way. The software program installed in the laptop was one developed by Hunter Watertech for its use in changing configurations in the PDS computers. This ultimately led to 800,000 liters of raw sewage being spilled out into the community. (Citation: Maroochy - MITRE - 200808)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "impair-process-control"}, {"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "inhibit-response-function"}], "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0833", "external_id": "T0833"}, {"source_name": "Stuxnet - Langner - 201311", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Maroochy - MITRE - 200808", "description": "Marshall Abrams. (2008, July 23). Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study\u2013 Maroochy Water Services, Australia. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08%201145.pdf"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.125Z", "name": "Remote Services", "description": "Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms. (Citation: Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer December 2017) (Citation: Dragos December 2017) (Citation: Joe Slowik April 2019) \n\nRemote services could be used to support remote access, data transmission, authentication, name resolution, and other remote functions. Further, remote services may be necessary to allow operators and administrators to configure systems within the network from their engineering or management workstations. An adversary may use this technique to access devices which may be dual-homed (Citation: Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer December 2017) to multiple network segments, and can be used for [Program Download](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0843) or to execute attacks on control devices directly through [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0859).\n\nSpecific remote services (RDP & VNC) may be a precursor to enable [Graphical User Interface](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0823) execution on devices such as HMIs or engineering workstation software.\n\nBased on incident data, CISA and FBI assessed that Chinese state-sponsored actors also compromised various authorized remote access channels, including systems designed to transfer data and/or allow access between corporate and ICS networks.  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An I/O module is a device that allows the control system device to either receive or send signals to other devices. These signals can be analog or digital, and may support a number of different protocols. Devices are often able to use attachable I/O modules to increase the number of inputs and outputs that it can utilize. An adversary with access to a device can use native device functions to enumerate I/O modules that are connected to the device. Information regarding the I/O modules can aid the adversary in understanding related control processes.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": true, "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["Windows", "Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e2994b6a-122b-4043-b654-7411c5198ec0", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0824", "external_id": "T0824"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.329Z", "name": "Denial of Control", "description": "Adversaries may cause a denial of control to temporarily prevent operators and engineers from interacting with process controls. An adversary may attempt to deny process control access to cause a temporary loss of communication with the control device or to prevent operator adjustment of process controls. An affected process may still be operating during the period of control loss, but not necessarily in a desired state. (Citation: Corero) (Citation: Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee) (Citation: Tyson Macaulay)\n\nIn the 2017 Dallas Siren incident operators were unable to disable the false alarms from the Office of Emergency Management headquarters. 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Assante and Robert M. Lee", "description": "Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/ICS/industrial-control-system-cyber-kill-chain-36297"}, {"source_name": "Tyson Macaulay", "description": "Tyson Macaulay Michael J. Assante and Robert M. Lee Corero   Industrial Control System (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2019/11/04  The Industrial Control System Cyber Kill Chain Retrieved. 2019/11/04  RIoT Control: Understanding and Managing Risks and the Internet of Things Retrieved. 2019/11/04 ", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=oXIYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=loss+denial+manipulation+of+view&source=bl&ots=dV1uQ8IUff&sig=ACfU3U2NIwGjhg051D_Ytw6npyEk9xcf4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wJ7y4tDlAhVmplkKHSTaDnQQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=loss%20denial%20manipulation%20of%20view&f=false"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.528Z", "name": "Modify Alarm Settings", "description": "Adversaries may modify alarm settings to prevent alerts that may inform operators of their presence or to prevent responses to dangerous and unintended scenarios. Reporting messages are a standard part of data acquisition in control systems. Reporting messages are used as a way to transmit system state information and acknowledgements that specific actions have occurred. These messages provide vital information for the management of a physical process, and keep operators, engineers, and administrators aware of the state of system devices and physical processes. \n\nIf an adversary is able to change the reporting settings, certain events could be prevented from being reported. This type of modification can also prevent operators or devices from performing actions to keep the system in a safe state. If critical reporting messages cannot trigger these actions then a [Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0105) could occur. \n\nIn ICS environments, the adversary may have to use [Alarm Suppression](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0878) or contend with multiple alarms and/or alarm propagation to achieve a specific goal to evade detection or prevent intended responses from occurring. (Citation: Jos Wetzels, Marina Krotofil 2019)  Methods of suppression often rely on modification of alarm settings, such as modifying in memory code to fixed values or tampering with assembly level instruction code. 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They may use the protocol associated with the port, or a completely different protocol. They may use commonly open ports, such as the examples provided below. \n \n * TCP:80 (HTTP) \n * TCP:443 (HTTPS) \n * TCP/UDP:53 (DNS) \n * TCP:1024-4999 (OPC on XP/Win2k3) \n * TCP:49152-65535 (OPC on Vista and later) \n * TCP:23 (TELNET) \n * UDP:161 (SNMP) \n * TCP:502 (MODBUS) \n * TCP:102 (S7comm/ISO-TSAP) \n * TCP:20000 (DNP3) \n * TCP:44818 (Ethernet/IP)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "command-and-control"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Matan Dobrushin - Otorio"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.1", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0885", "external_id": "T0885"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:12.926Z", "name": "Project File Infection", "description": "Adversaries may attempt to infect project files with malicious code. These project files may consist of objects, program organization units, variables such as tags, documentation, and other configurations needed for PLC programs to function. (Citation: Beckhoff) Using built in functions of the engineering software, adversaries may be able to download an infected program to a PLC in the operating environment enabling further [Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0104) and [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0110) techniques. (Citation: PLCdev) \n\nAdversaries may export their own code into project files with conditions to execute at specific intervals. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) Malicious programs allow adversaries control of all aspects of the process enabled by the PLC. Once the project file is downloaded to a PLC the workstation device may be disconnected with the infected project file still executing. (Citation: PLCdev)", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "persistence"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["File: File Modification"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0873", "external_id": "T0873"}, {"source_name": "Beckhoff", "description": "Beckhoff   TwinCAT 3 Source Control: Project Files Retrieved. 2019/11/21 ", "url": "https://infosys.beckhoff.com/english.php?content=../content/1033/tc3_sourcecontrol/18014398915785483.html&id="}, {"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}, {"source_name": "PLCdev", "description": "PLCdev Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22  Siemens SIMATIC Step 7 Programmer's Handbook Retrieved. 2019/11/21 ", "url": "http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/373"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"]}, {"modified": "2024-03-29T14:04:50.569Z", "name": "Network Connection Enumeration", "description": "Adversaries may perform network connection enumeration to discover information about device communication patterns. If an adversary can inspect the state of a network connection with tools, such as Netstat(Citation: Netstat), in conjunction with [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0857), then they can determine the role of certain devices on the network  (Citation: MITRE). The adversary can also use [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0842) to watch network traffic for details about the source, destination, protocol, and content.", "kill_chain_phases": [{"kill_chain_name": "mitre-ics-attack", "phase_name": "discovery"}], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_detection": "", "x_mitre_domains": ["ics-attack"], "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, "x_mitre_platforms": ["None"], "x_mitre_version": "1.2", "x_mitre_data_sources": ["Command: Command Execution", "Process: Process Creation", "Script: Script Execution", "Process: OS API Execution"], "type": "attack-pattern", "id": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "created": "2020-05-21T17:43:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0840", "external_id": "T0840"}, {"source_name": "MITRE", "description": "MITRE   System Network Connections Discovery Retrieved. 2018/05/31 ", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1049"}, {"source_name": "Netstat", "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Netstat. Retrieved May 23, 2022.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"modified": "2023-10-13T17:57:13.327Z", "name": "Lateral Tool Transfer", "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of an operation. (Citation: Enterprise ATT&CK) Copying of files may also be performed laterally between internal victim systems to support Lateral Movement with remote Execution using inherent file sharing protocols such as file sharing over SMB to connected network shares. 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Control system devices often contain modular hardware devices. These devices may have their own set of firmware that is separate from the firmware of the main control system equipment.   \n\nThis technique is similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0857), but is conducted on other system components that may not have the same capabilities or level of integrity checking. Although it results in a device re-image, malicious device firmware may provide persistent access to remaining devices. (Citation: Daniel Peck,  Dale Peterson January 2009)  \n\nAn easy point of access for an adversary is the Ethernet card, which may have its own CPU, RAM, and operating system. The adversary may attack and likely exploit the computer on an Ethernet card. Exploitation of the Ethernet card computer may enable the adversary to accomplish additional attacks, such as the following: (Citation: Daniel Peck,  Dale Peterson January 2009)  \n\n* Delayed Attack - The adversary may stage an attack in advance and choose when to launch it, such as at a particularly damaging time.  \n* Brick the Ethernet Card - Malicious firmware may be programmed to result in an Ethernet card failure, requiring a factory return.  \n* Random Attack or Failure - The adversary may load malicious firmware onto multiple field devices. Execution of an attack and the time it occurs is generated by a pseudo-random number generator.   \n* A Field Device Worm - The adversary may choose to identify all field devices of the same model, with the end goal of performing a device-wide compromise.  \n* Attack Other Cards on the Field Device - Although it is not the most important module in a field device, the Ethernet card is most accessible to the adversary and malware. 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Internet Accessible Devices are exposed to the internet unintentionally or intentionally without adequate protections. This may allow for adversaries to move directly into the control system network. Access onto these devices is accomplished without the use of exploits, these would be represented within the [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0819) technique.\n\nAdversaries may leverage built in functions for remote access which may not be protected or utilize minimal legacy protections that may be targeted. (Citation: NCCIC January 2014) These services may be discoverable through the use of online scanning tools. \n\nIn the case of the Bowman dam incident, adversaries leveraged access to the dam control network through a cellular modem. Access to the device was protected by password authentication, although the application was vulnerable to brute forcing. (Citation: NCCIC January 2014) (Citation: Danny Yadron December 2015) (Citation: Mark Thompson March 2016)\n\nIn Trend Micros manufacturing deception operations adversaries were detected leveraging direct internet access to an ICS environment through the exposure of operational protocols such as Siemens S7, Omron FINS, and EtherNet/IP, in addition to misconfigured VNC access. 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This can include sensitive data such as specifications, schematics, or diagrams of control system layouts, devices, and processes.\n\nAdversaries may do this using [Command-Line Interface](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0807) or [Scripting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853) techniques to interact with the file system to gather information. Adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0802) on the local system. 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Depending on the device, the modification or addition of this password could prevent any device configuration actions from being accomplished and may require a factory reset or replacement of hardware. These credentials are often built-in features provided by the device vendors as a means to restrict access to management interfaces.\n\nAn adversary with access to valid or hardcoded credentials could change the credential to prevent future authorized device access. Change Credential may be especially damaging when paired with other techniques such as Modify Program, Data Destruction, or Modify Controller Tasking. In these cases, a device\u2019s configuration may be destroyed or include malicious actions for the process environment, which cannot not be removed through normal device configuration actions. \n\nAdditionally, recovery of the device and original configuration may be difficult depending on the features provided by the device. In some cases, these passwords cannot be removed onsite and may require that the device be sent back to the vendor for additional recovery steps.\n\n\nA chain of incidents occurred in Germany, where adversaries locked operators out of their building automation system (BAS) controllers by enabling a previously unset BCU key. 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Integrity checks, which typically include cryptographic hashes or digital signatures, should be compared to those obtained at known valid states, especially after events like device reboots, program downloads, or program restarts.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcf91ebc-f316-4e19-b2f6-444e9940c697", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--04aad4a8-8b8c-45d9-bb34-508fe4792863", "created": "2023-09-28T20:29:11.776Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:29:11.776Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d5a69cfb-fc2a-46cb-99eb-74b236db5061", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--04bf72de-75ba-4d95-ad24-f93ad835180c", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Booz Allen Hamilton", "description": "Booz Allen Hamilton   When The Lights Went Out Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/documents/2016/09/ukraine-report-when-the-lights-went-out.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:54:26.520Z", "description": "[KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) erases the master boot record (MBR) and system logs, leaving the system unusable. 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Consider correlating alarms with other data sources that indicate traffic has been blocked, such as network traffic. In cases where alternative methods of communicating with outstations exist alarms may still be visible even if messages over serial COM ports are blocked.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--4c12c1c8-bcef-4daf-8e5b-fca235f71d9e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0750563d-a86c-4822-ab9c-0f2d3c304c6e", "created": "2023-09-28T21:28:51.104Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:28:51.104Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, 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"x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--07f4d65d-4572-450f-8cb2-908fee97bd67", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.228Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Application control may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--4fa717d9-cabe-47c8-8cdd-86e9e2e37f30", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--08302021-aacf-428f-a0ce-e1034d925fb0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.115Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Develop a robust cyber threat intelligence capability to determine what types and levels of threat may use software exploits and 0-days against a particular organization.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d48b79b2-076d-483e-949c-0d38aa347499", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--088580e9-ccea-426e-9411-c1de60de650d", 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Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0ba1db3a-389a-4937-975b-d2dc0142cb4b", "created": "2023-09-29T18:46:22.739Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:46:22.739Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0bc90405-24a9-4f84-a1bb-bf953dbca016", "created": "2023-09-28T20:10:34.479Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:10:34.479Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0beb0088-3bea-4612-b2d9-ff9988f829ae", "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Jacqueline O'Leary et al. 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While the target is visiting a legitimate website, a malware dropper is being downloaded from the threat actors infrastructure. (Citation: Orkhan Mamedov, Fedor Sinitsyn, Anton Ivanov October 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c284ce0-0be2-4164-b686-7c383b246aec", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Research Whitepapers September 2018", "description": "ESET Research Whitepapers 2018, September LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Intel", "description": "Intel ESET Research Whitepapers 2018, September LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group Retrieved. 2020/09/25  Intel Hardware-based Security Technologies for Intelligent Retail Devices Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/security-technologies-4th-gen-core-retail-paper.pdf"}, {"source_name": "N/A", "description": "N/A   Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-21T13:19:56.151Z", "description": "Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. (Citation: N/A) Move system's root of trust to hardware to prevent tampering with the SPI flash memory. (Citation: ESET Research Whitepapers September 2018) Technologies such as Intel Boot Guard can assist with this. (Citation: Intel)\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--8ac1d6e1-b07f-476a-9732-84984ebc2405", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c4aaf6c-4b72-401f-950b-6d65ceb1267a", "created": "2022-09-27T15:49:26.908Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T15:49:26.908Z", "description": "Monitor asset application logs for information that indicate task parameters have changed.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a61657-46e1-439e-b3ed-3e4556a78243", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c72593d-fcc6-4023-8771-bed5e243310e", "created": "2023-09-28T21:24:37.417Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:24:37.417Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0c9ed09d-4ce3-4e65-845a-c21dcc5d956f", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.070Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Provide an alternative method for sending critical commands message to outstations, this could include using radio/cell communication to send messages to a field technician that physically performs the control function.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0cab29c6-d196-47b0-8621-10ac3c8a95d8", "created": "2023-09-28T19:51:27.775Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:51:27.775Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8bb4538f-f16f-49f0-a431-70b5444c7349", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d305450-d5ca-46fe-8583-36c983dd0a88", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:43:33.144Z", "description": "Monitor ICS management protocols for functions that change an asset\u2019s operating mode.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d4f2f88-e176-42c7-8258-52b345045662", "created": "2022-09-28T20:29:51.844Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA-AA22-103A", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2022, May 25). Alert (AA22-103A) APT Cyber Tools Targeting ICS/SCADA Devices. Retrieved September 28, 2022.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-103a"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T15:17:08.493Z", "description": "[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) can remotely send commands to a malicious agent uploaded on Omron PLCs over HTTP or HTTPS.(Citation: CISA-AA22-103A) ", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d52eea3-394e-492b-944b-9ccb6348329d", "created": "2023-09-28T21:14:41.633Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:14:41.633Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d540b53-6a5d-4f56-9dee-47707443b149", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-30T16:00:14.208Z", "description": "Monitor ICS automation network protocols for functions related to reading an operational process state (e.g., \u201cRead\u201d function codes in protocols like DNP3 or Modbus). In some cases, there may be multiple ways to monitor an operational process\u2019 state, one of which is typically used in the operational environment. Monitor for the operating mode being checked in unexpected ways.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d0d40ad-22fa-4cc8-b264-072557e1364b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0d8e0324-ba8e-4712-a123-60377afe94da", "created": "2023-09-29T18:48:17.073Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:48:17.073Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0dbf48f3-4579-4ca2-aceb-19d3e0449136", "created": "2023-09-29T17:57:12.010Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:57:12.010Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--3a95f7e4-4877-4967-b2e8-e287976c3e64", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0dca1f7d-9965-467a-bea5-b8baa7c8b9fc", "created": "2022-09-26T14:27:28.370Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:27:28.370Z", "description": "Various techniques enable spoofing a reporting message. Consider monitoring for [Rogue Master](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848) and [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0830) activity which may precede this technique.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0df0cb6d-0067-48b2-a33e-495415713ab7", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.181Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for device management should authenticate all network messages to prevent unauthorized system changes.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3067b85e-271e-4bc5-81ad-ab1a81d411e3", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e191d66-fe38-4f28-ad82-6922bd6bcc81", "created": "2024-04-09T20:58:17.933Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-09T20:58:17.933Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--fab8fc7d-f27f-4fbb-9de6-44740aade05f", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e263b73-a033-4fac-9d6d-076ab8f8b954", "created": "2023-09-29T16:27:50.949Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:27:50.949Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e275c19-7688-47f8-8cd5-85eaacec465b", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:34:04.450Z", "description": "Monitor industrial process history data for events that correspond with command message functions, such as setpoint modification or changes to system status for key devices. This will not directly detect the technique\u2019s execution, but instead may provide additional evidence that the technique has been used and may complement other detections.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--931b3fc6-ad68-42a8-9018-e98515eedc95", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--0e29f62d-4ffc-47ec-9623-72f874fbe905", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:09:52.454Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) renames s7otbxdx.dll, a dll responsible for handling communications with a PLC. It replaces this dll file with its own version that allows it to intercept any calls that are made to access the PLC. 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(2023, December 1). IRGC-Affiliated Cyber Actors Exploit PLCs in Multiple Sectors, Including U.S. Water and Wastewater Systems Facilities. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-335a"}, {"source_name": "CISA Unitronics November 2023", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2023, November 28). Exploitation of Unitronics PLCs used in Water and Wastewater Systems. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2023/11/28/exploitation-unitronics-plcs-used-water-and-wastewater-systems"}, {"source_name": "Frank Bajak and Marc Levy December 2023", "description": "Frank Bajak and Marc Levy. (2023, December 2). Breaches by Iran-affiliated hackers spanned multiple U.S. states, federal agencies say. 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Retrieved. 2017/09/19 ", "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-16/materials/asia-16-Spenneberg-PLC-Blaster-A-Worm-Living-Solely-In-The-PLC-wp.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T18:00:39.796Z", "description": "[PLC-Blaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1006) utilizes the PLC communication and management API to load executable Program Organization Units. 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(Citation: Novetta Threat Research Group February 2016) Highly targeted spear phishing campaigns have been conducted against a U.S. electric grid company. 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Local network traffic metadata could be used to identify unexpected connections, including unknown/unexpected source MAC addresses connecting to ports associated with operational protocols. Also, network management protocols such as DHCP and ARP may be helpful in identifying unexpected devices. 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(2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \u201cTRITON\u201d and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. 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(Citation: Microsoft Security Response Center August 2017) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. 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This will not directly detect the technique\u2019s execution, but instead may provide additional evidence that the technique has been used and may complement other detections.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--931b3fc6-ad68-42a8-9018-e98515eedc95", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e7089d3-fba2-44f8-94a8-9a79c53920c4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d005ed8-77d3-4fed-9dd5-7e39ba8cb50a", "created": "2021-04-13T12:45:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:12:08.899Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) calls system function blocks which are part of the operating system running on the PLC. 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g., monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d3c5d24-be5c-42e8-98ca-3b04382df39a", "created": "2023-09-28T21:26:11.506Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:26:11.506Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d4ea0e2-9f51-40f9-a22b-8265f696fd83", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T19:19:04.853Z", "description": "Monitor logon activity for unexpected or unusual access to devices from the Internet.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--39b9db72-8b48-4595-a18d-db5bbba3091b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f8df6b57-14bc-425f-9a91-6f59f6799307", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3d676c1b-2650-4599-8a57-790c55f9977d", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.109Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize the exposure of API calls that allow the execution of code.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--4fa717d9-cabe-47c8-8cdd-86e9e2e37f30", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3da977ab-c863-4e6f-a5b7-68173160da00", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.166Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Filter for protocols and payloads associated with firmware activation or updating activity.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--11f242bc-3121-438c-84b2-5cbd46a4bb17", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3db8d8d2-89bb-4241-afeb-9b9332aac78e", "created": "2024-03-28T14:31:06.217Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018", "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-10T15:00:51.312Z", "description": "In the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030), [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) used a publicly available PowerShell-based tool, WMImplant.(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--45a98f02-852f-49b2-94c0-c63207bebbbf", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--3dc3aec5-0056-46e8-8073-a7e32d3d929d", "created": "2022-09-30T15:28:37.614Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-30T15:28:37.614Z", "description": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. 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June 2017", "description": "Dragos Inc. 2017, June 13 Industroyer - Dragos - 201706: Analysis of the Threat to Electic Grid Operations Retrieved. 2017/09/18 ", "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:16:26.262Z", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) attempts to connect with a hardcoded internal proxy on TCP 3128 [default Squid proxy]. If established, the backdoor attempts to reach an external C2 server via the internal proxy. (Citation: Dragos Inc. 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(2023, November 9). Sandworm Disrupts Power in Ukraine Using a Novel Attack Against Operational Technology. 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(Citation: Wikipedia) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for all software or services targeted.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--49363b74-d506-4342-bd63-320586ebadb9", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--483719ad-c973-4210-b059-14e87dbd45f8", "created": "2023-09-28T19:49:43.417Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:49:43.417Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--48489baf-56c2-423e-964a-0a61688e4a19", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.224Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform inline allowlisting of automation protocol commands  to prevent devices from sending unauthorized command or reporting messages. 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(2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. 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Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--57e8711a-9aae-4a22-94d4-f4c8a3a8f141", "created": "2023-03-31T18:12:35.414Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). 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For example, ChangeServiceConfigW may be used by an adversary to prevent services from starting. 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(2022, April 12). Industroyer2: Industroyer reloaded. Retrieved March 30, 2023.", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/04/12/industroyer2-industroyer-reloaded/"}, {"source_name": "Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022", "description": "Forescout. (2022, July 14). Industroyer2 and  INCONTROLLER In-depth Technical Analysis of the Most Recent ICS-specific Malware. 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(2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/"}, {"source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a"}, {"source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019", "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/"}, {"source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020", "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft Ransomware as a Service", "description": "Microsoft. (2022, May 9). Ransomware as a service: Understanding the cybercrime gig economy and how to protect yourself. Retrieved March 10, 2023.", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/05/09/ransomware-as-a-service-understanding-the-cybercrime-gig-economy-and-how-to-protect-yourself/"}, {"source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020", "description": "Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. 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Retrieved November 6, 2020.", "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/"}, {"source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020", "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/"}, {"source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020", "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-12-04T20:04:07.781Z", "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)(Citation: Mandiant FIN12 Oct 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Ransomware as a Service)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", "target_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--68d30c45-766f-48b6-9405-0c969243332b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.214Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All devices or systems changes, including all administrative functions, should require authentication. 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While techniques like CRCs and checksums are commonly used, they are not cryptographically secure and can be vulnerable to collisions. Preferably cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3) should be used. 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(2022, April 25). INDUSTROYER.V2: Old Malware Learns New Tricks. Retrieved March 30, 2023.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/industroyer-v2-old-malware-new-tricks"}, {"source_name": "Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022", "description": "Forescout. (2022, July 14). Industroyer2 and  INCONTROLLER In-depth Technical Analysis of the Most Recent ICS-specific Malware. Retrieved March 30, 2023.", "url": "https://www.forescout.com/resources/industroyer2-and-incontroller-report/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-04-06T22:10:36.267Z", "description": "[Industroyer2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1072) is capable of sending command messages from the compromised device to target remote stations to open data channels, retrieve the location and values of Information Object Addresses (IOAs), and modify the IO state values through Select Before Operate I/O, Select/Execute, and Invert Default State operations.(Citation: Industroyer2 Mandiant April 2022)(Citation: Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--6a0d0ea9-b2c4-43fe-a552-ac41a3009dc5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6aa080d0-6e25-46e5-91d8-4af11f01ceef", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T18:41:05.273Z", "description": "Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. 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Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.  Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6ad3b5cc-7ba1-4287-8c05-d02385f84f72", "created": "2023-09-29T16:31:22.789Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:31:22.789Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b0e8f60-ecdf-4140-9741-5b50df67353c", "created": "2024-03-25T20:06:37.050Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA AA23-335A IRGC-Affiliated December 2023", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2023, December 1). IRGC-Affiliated Cyber Actors Exploit PLCs in Multiple Sectors, Including U.S. Water and Wastewater Systems Facilities. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-335a"}, {"source_name": "Lisa Zahner December 2023", "description": "Lisa Zahner. (2023, December 15). Hackers in Iran attack computer at Vero Utilities. Retrieved March 25, 2024.", "url": "https://veronews.com/2023/12/15/hackers-in-iran-attack-computer-at-vero-utilities/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-15T21:12:44.100Z", "description": "During the [Unitronics Defacement Campaign](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0031), the [CyberAv3ngers](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1027) exploited devices connected to the public internet, such as internet connected Unitronics [Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)](https://attack.mitre.org/assets/A0003) with [Human-Machine Interface (HMI)](https://attack.mitre.org/assets/A0002) and networking equipment such as cellular modems found in OT environments.(Citation: CISA AA23-335A IRGC-Affiliated December 2023)(Citation: Lisa Zahner December 2023)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--8fda050f-470d-4401-994e-35c1a6c301de", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f8df6b57-14bc-425f-9a91-6f59f6799307", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b54f354-9059-4366-8077-87360c4db2ab", "created": "2023-10-02T20:18:20.019Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-10-02T20:18:20.019Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--2b676abd-8263-49ea-81a4-78a7e1f776fe", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b5d2643-b399-43aa-8ab1-7557a0446b07", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.147Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Only authorized personnel should be able to change settings for alarms.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b5fd6d8-ef70-4896-b1a4-7b6c29c3a0d4", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.101Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6b987f2a-3d07-4791-9c1c-e4f6818521e8", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T16:44:06.211Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to Windows Registry keys or values that may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware. For added context on adversary procedures and background see [Indicator Removal](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070) and applicable sub-techniques.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6baa9172-04e4-416d-a009-668cda23fd5d", "created": "2021-10-08T15:25:32.143Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-19T17:13:18.889Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) will store and execute SQL code that will extract and execute Stuxnet from the saved CAB file using xp_cmdshell with the following command: `set @s = master..xp _ cmdshell extrac32 /y +@t+ +@t+x; exec(@s);` (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6be102a8-5d9c-494e-a8ce-7b0a1c86a863", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:40:22.279Z", "description": "Monitor for contextual file data that may show signs of deletion or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6be3917c-aad7-4a3f-bea2-23e4ba4310ee", "created": "2022-09-29T14:26:04.715Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-29T14:26:04.715Z", "description": "Monitor network traffic for hardcoded credential use in protocols that allow unencrypted authentication.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c9a8d958-fcdb-40d2-af4c-461c8031651a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--6be4cef2-3d54-4cd8-97df-8a8b37c03605", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.089Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize central storage servers for critical operations where possible (e.g., historians) and keep remote backups. For outstations, use local redundant storage for event recorders. Have backup control system platforms, preferably as hot-standbys to respond immediately to data destruction events. 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Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--730580d4-d68c-407f-9d09-f379e9aefc7e", "created": "2023-03-30T19:25:41.475Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Industroyer2 Forescout July 2022", "description": "Forescout. (2022, July 14). Industroyer2 and  INCONTROLLER In-depth Technical Analysis of the Most Recent ICS-specific Malware. 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For added context on adversary procedures and background see [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) and applicable sub-techniques.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--77566f94-5e26-41c9-892f-2f62b395afe7", "created": "2023-09-28T20:01:43.057Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:01:43.057Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--77821dbb-367e-455f-bcae-b87412e88f1b", "created": "2022-09-26T16:56:53.939Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:56:53.940Z", "description": "Monitor asset management systems for device configuration changes which can be used to understand expected parameter settings.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--b05a614b-033c-4578-b4f2-c63a9feee706", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--097924ce-a9a9-4039-8591-e0deedfb8722", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--77f3a64d-227d-487f-8484-89007e05b59f", "created": "2023-09-28T21:16:14.153Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:16:14.153Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b6b9246-43f8-4c69-ad7a-2b11cfe0a0d9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--78881a3d-59ad-4fbb-8bd2-69388a068584", "created": "2023-09-29T18:01:45.518Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:01:45.518Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--3a95f7e4-4877-4967-b2e8-e287976c3e64", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--788a2994-f3fd-4ac4-9ef3-06a72a4e1631", "created": "2023-09-28T21:09:33.225Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:09:33.225Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--78972893-5d8c-480f-a05d-481adc0c8bb0", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:12:25.316Z", "description": "Monitor ICS automation network protocols for functions related to reading an asset\u2019s operating mode. In some cases, there may be multiple ways to detect a device\u2019s operating mode, one of which is typically used in the operational environment. Monitor for the operating mode being checked in unexpected ways.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7912946d-1605-465a-a55c-36bb104235ab", "created": "2022-09-27T16:08:53.157Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T16:08:53.157Z", "description": "Monitor device alarms that indicate the program has changed, although not all devices produce such alarms.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9d56be63-3501-4dd3-bb5f-63c580833298", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fc5fda7e-6b2c-4457-b036-759896a2efa2", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--792324b4-064a-430c-8ffc-7f7acd537778", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Symantec", "description": "Symantec   W32.Duqu The precursor to the next Stuxnet Retrieved. 2019/11/03 ", "url": "https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/w32-duqu-11-en"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:44:27.955Z", "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038)'s purpose is to gather intelligence data and assets from entities such as industrial infrastructure and system manufacturers, amongst others not in the industrial sector, in order to more easily conduct a future attack against another third party.(Citation: Symantec)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79235599-e23f-43cb-9c56-1eb22b7c4664", "created": "2023-09-29T16:38:38.201Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:38:38.201Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--69d1b1ef-e918-4cfd-9a98-29debd04cb32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79324bdd-cdab-4d0a-af60-af1047c1d117", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-08T22:25:35.287Z", "description": "All field controllers should require users to authenticate for all remote or local management sessions. The authentication mechanisms should also support [Account Use Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0936), [Password Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927), and [User Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918).", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79407d1e-8e16-48c1-939c-ad92f91dd988", "created": "2023-09-29T16:30:19.141Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:30:19.141Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--798919d3-df8b-463f-b2be-4c1aa8089384", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2021-10-14T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.226Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Segment and control software movement between business and OT environments by way of one directional DMZs. Web access should be restricted from the OT environment. Engineering workstations, including transient cyber assets (TCAs) should have minimal connectivity to external networks, including Internet and email, further limit the extent to which these devices are dual-homed to multiple networks. 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(Citation: Kevin Savage and Branko Spasojevic)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7e13ee8-182c-4f19-92a4-a88d7d855d54", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--79fccaf1-3592-4af0-8a47-1d325b9fd5a4", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.808Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:46:05.831Z", "description": "Monitor for newly constructed web-based network connections that are sent to malicious or suspicious destinations (e.g., destinations attributed to phishing campaigns). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments (e.g., monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate network connections or unusual connections initiated by regsvr32.exe, rundll.exe, SCF, HTA, MSI, DLLs, or msiexec.exe). ", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--181a9f8c-c780-4f1f-91a8-edb770e904ba", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7a55fc66-0d5c-4ef6-af28-d4a4bb84381d", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Hydro", "description": "Hydro Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16  Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://www.hydro.com/en/media/on-the-agenda/cyber-attack/"}, {"source_name": "Kevin Beaumont", "description": "Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://doublepulsar.com/how-lockergoga-took-down-hydro-ransomware-used-in-targeted-attacks-aimed-at-big-business-c666551f5880"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:56:48.612Z", "description": "Some of Norsk Hydro's production systems were impacted by a [LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) infection. This resulted in a loss of view which forced the company to switch to manual operations. (Citation: Kevin Beaumont) (Citation: Hydro)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--138979ba-0430-4de6-a128-2fc0b056ba36", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7a79ff35-319a-4e7d-b8c7-72f0bb0f8978", "created": "2022-09-26T14:29:33.111Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:29:33.111Z", "description": "Various techniques enable spoofing a reporting message. Monitor for LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning via new services/daemons which may be used to enable this technique. For added context on adversary procedures and background see [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7aa93b40-80da-4bb6-8a7c-88e5f5e44669", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.157Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for device management should authenticate all network messages to prevent unauthorized system changes.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7b1e00af-11fb-4862-a193-55dc9b6652c0", "created": "2023-09-29T16:33:23.456Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:33:23.456Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7b814e39-71fc-4e99-b46f-b24eca6cc780", "created": "2023-09-28T19:45:42.727Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:45:42.727Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7b95b2aa-9561-494f-8e02-d36edc14e38b", "created": "2023-09-29T17:39:54.089Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:39:54.089Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cfe68e93-ce94-4c0f-a57d-3aa72cedd618", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bb1dbec-7314-479a-9496-86f8e25041eb", "created": "2023-09-29T16:40:43.415Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:40:43.416Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--69d1b1ef-e918-4cfd-9a98-29debd04cb32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bbe6ac7-d0fb-40e4-8537-bdded7173f07", "created": "2023-09-29T18:49:01.768Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:49:01.768Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bd46875-7d59-4d65-8f9b-d48d3cb54a84", "created": "2023-09-28T20:07:15.553Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:07:15.553Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--5a2610f6-9fff-41e1-bc27-575ca20383d4", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bd6e5e4-6614-41ed-8a84-8eb633a91e07", "created": "2023-03-31T17:45:32.860Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018", "description": "Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-04-07T16:12:03.917Z", "description": "During the [2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0025), [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) utilized VBS and batch scripts for file movement and as wrappers for PowerShell execution.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--aa73efef-1418-4dbe-b43c-87a498e97234", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7be2d11d-87be-4d1c-8f5b-b7e59ad191ea", "created": "2023-09-28T20:07:01.309Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:07:01.309Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--25dfc8ad-bd73-4dfd-84a9-3c3d383f76e9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7bfaf0ff-6d88-460f-aa32-3fb0267b4f20", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.084Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Traffic to known anonymity networks and C2 infrastructure can be blocked through the use of network allow and block lists. It should be noted that this kind of blocking may be circumvented by other techniques likeDomain Fronting.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--11f242bc-3121-438c-84b2-5cbd46a4bb17", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d67adac8-e3b9-44f9-9e6d-6c2a7d69dbe4", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c1eee62-3307-4e25-8a20-919ccd56ec1c", "created": "2022-09-29T01:37:13.671Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Wylie-22", "description": "Jimmy Wylie. (2022, August). Analyzing PIPEDREAM: Challenges in Testing an ICS Attack Toolkit. Defcon 30.", "url": "https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2030/DEF%20CON%2030%20presentations/Jimmy%20Wylie%20-%20Analyzing%20PIPEDREAM%20Challenges%20in%20testing%20an%20ICS%20attack%20toolkit.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Brubaker-Incontroller", "description": "Nathan Brubaker, Keith Lunden, Ken Proska, Muhammad Umair, Daniel Kapellmann Zafra, Corey Hildebrandt, Rob Caldwell. (2022, April 13). INCONTROLLER: New State-Sponsored Cyber Attack Tools Target Multiple Industrial Control Systems. Retrieved September 28, 2022.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/incontroller-state-sponsored-ics-tool"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-13T16:53:47.441Z", "description": "[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) can use the CODESYS protocol to download programs to Schneider PLCs.(Citation: Wylie-22)(Citation: Brubaker-Incontroller) \n\n[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) can modified program logic on Omron PLCs using either the program download or backup transfer functions available through the HTTP server.(Citation: Wylie-22) ", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c2edd6c-5189-4ba9-af3d-bdaff4a699ca", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.080Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removing or restricting features that are unnecessary to an asset's intended function within the control environment.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d0909119-2f71-4923-87db-b649881672d7", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c2f82ff-bde7-4ab8-b6ab-35d7f7f498dd", "created": "2022-09-27T15:27:00.387Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T15:27:00.387Z", "description": "Networking devices such as switches may log when new client devices connect (e.g., SNMP notifications). Monitor for any logs documenting changes to network connection status to determine when a new connection has occurred, including the resulting addresses (e.g., IP, MAC) of devices on that network.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35392fb4-a31d-4c6a-b9f2-1c65b7f5e6b9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c329018-b591-42c4-8806-4d02ccd47476", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:55:36.262Z", "description": "Monitor executed commands and arguments for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line arguments that may be used in support of remote transfer of files.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c3b65e8-e8b7-4c3b-b27b-e216986d8976", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET 2017, June 12 Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems Retrieved. 2017/09/15 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:26:34.069Z", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) toggles breakers to the open state utilizing unauthorized command messages. (Citation: Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c433b29-0ad3-4574-990f-e3d6291e7f23", "created": "2023-09-29T18:48:29.126Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:48:29.126Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e076cca8-2f08-45c9-aff7-ea5ac798b387", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c85bff0-8f70-479e-9365-fef1e3fe2b95", "created": "2022-09-27T17:22:27.241Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-03-29T14:05:12.676Z", "description": "Monitor for any suspicious attempts to enable script execution on a system. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7c893581-c847-495a-aa93-9d98c516e1ae", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:13:43.688Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603)'s infection sequence consists of code blocks and data blocks that will be downloaded to the PLC to alter its behavior. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7cd47eb6-e73a-4a0b-a62e-7e066090b804", "created": "2024-03-27T19:55:40.243Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Mandiant-Sandworm-Ukraine-2022", "description": "Ken Proska, John Wolfram, Jared Wilson, Dan Black, Keith Lunden, Daniel Kapellmann Zafra, Nathan Brubaker, Tyler Mclellan, Chris Sistrunk. (2023, November 9). Sandworm Disrupts Power in Ukraine Using a Novel Attack Against Operational Technology. Retrieved March 28, 2024.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/sandworm-disrupts-power-ukraine-operational-technology"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-17T15:20:07.527Z", "description": "During the [2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0034), [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) used the MicroSCADA SCIL-API to specify a set of SCADA instructions, including the sending of unauthorized commands to substation devices.(Citation: Mandiant-Sandworm-Ukraine-2022)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--df8eb785-70f8-4300-b444-277ba849083d", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d0ec383-4c5d-474d-9262-3f3c0d6c05b1", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.072Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure devices have an alternative method for communicating in the event that a valid COM port is unavailable.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--b11cad63-ef30-4eb8-af0d-6cc46eef3f3e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c478716-71d9-46a4-9a53-fa5d576adb60", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d2db896-3051-483c-bc53-ca21832ee085", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:47:23.983Z", "description": "Monitor network traffic for suspicious email attachments. Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g., monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)). Use web proxies to review content of emails including sender information, headers, and attachments for potentially malicious content.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d3ef0e3-560c-4e46-a0b4-dd1efc29e835", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:39:20.443Z", "description": "Monitor for anomalies related to discovery related ICS functions, including devices that have not previously used these functions or for functions being sent to many outstations. Note that some ICS protocols use broadcast or multicast functionality, which may produce false positives. Also monitor for hosts enumerating network connected resources using non-ICS enterprise protocols.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d42ba22-9595-4463-8dda-c0e47a154fed", "created": "2023-09-28T20:07:48.301Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:07:48.301Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ab390887-afc0-4715-826d-b1b167d522ae", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d5759cd-890e-4ec5-b92b-aba225d52960", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-21T13:49:40.767Z", "description": "Authenticate connections fromsoftware and devices to prevent unauthorized systems from accessing protected management functions.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--72e46e53-e12d-4106-9c70-33241b6ed549", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2883c520-7957-46ca-89bd-dab1ad53b601", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d66eae7-0dd4-4d21-ab07-8f7e350a7105", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:14:40.227Z", "description": "Monitor executed commands and arguments to services specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as RDP, Telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform these actions using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0859).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e1f9cdd2-9511-4fca-90d7-f3e92cfdd0bf", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d6c4a00-acde-40af-bf91-a4ef009cf135", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-08T22:29:53.545Z", "description": "Devices that allow remote management of firmware should require authentication before allowing any changes. The authentication mechanisms should also support [Account Use Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0936), [Password Policies](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927), and [User Account Management](https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918).", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--66cfe23e-34b6-4583-b178-ed6a412db2b0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7d752615-33f0-44ed-a156-25d84f384e75", "created": "2023-09-27T14:57:11.627Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603", "description": "Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center; SANS Industrial Control Systems. (2016, March 18). Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukranian Power Grid: Defense Use Case. Retrieved March 27, 2018.", "url": "https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/3891751/SANS-and-Electricity-Information-Sharing-and.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-10-04T17:03:24.261Z", "description": "During the [2015 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0028), power company phone line operators were hit with a denial of service attack so that they couldn\u2019t field customers\u2019 calls about outages. Operators were also denied service to their downstream devices when their serial-to-ethernet converters had their firmware overwritten, which bricked the devices. (Citation: Ukraine15 - EISAC - 201603)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--46421788-b6e1-4256-b351-f8beffd1afba", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7dad75e6-f569-4bb9-ad75-5eda55dff0b1", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:54:12.966Z", "description": "Monitor for API calls (such as GetAdaptersInfo() and GetIpNetTable()) that may gather details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses. Also monitor for API calls that may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. For added context on adversary procedures and background see [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) and [System Network Connections Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7db9687b-7099-4cb6-a040-bc32fc549a81", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.195Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7dd11d5e-1c1c-4f94-b4bf-4fd59988539b", "created": "2024-04-09T20:53:54.209Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-09T20:53:54.209Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--fab8fc7d-f27f-4fbb-9de6-44740aade05f", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7dedeb73-ef90-4282-a635-cc37326773af", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.083Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6c31185-8040-4267-83d3-b217b8a92f07", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014", "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S 2014, February Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting Retrieved. 2016/04/20 ", "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7e87ce08-a428-4e55-876e-80d2760121a5", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.803Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:37:35.099Z", "description": "Monitor executed commands and arguments for actions that could be taken to collect internal data.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3de230d4-3e42-4041-b089-17e1128feded", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7ebee5d3-ce7f-436c-8b4a-087363d6b858", "created": "2023-09-29T16:32:46.335Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:32:46.335Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2dc2b567-8821-49f9-9045-8740f3d0b958", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7ed1ad67-942a-424e-ad81-8b69a4f0c706", "created": "2023-09-28T20:28:16.122Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:28:16.122Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7efa1a31-da21-4925-aab0-96a012d5b2a7", "created": "2023-09-29T17:43:22.756Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:43:22.756Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7f1e688d-65f7-4737-a4ba-ee482710f8ec", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.804Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T18:40:55.168Z", "description": "Monitor for application logging, messaging, and/or other artifacts that may result from  Denial of Service (DoS) attacks which degrade or block the availability of services to users. In addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b22b676-9347-4c55-9a35-ef0dc653db5b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7f3ab726-ca49-4d47-b2b5-6246c6e4fdd3", "created": "2022-09-26T15:24:07.122Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T15:24:07.122Z", "description": "Monitor asset application logs which may provide information about requests for points or tags. Look for anomalies related to reading point or tag data, such as new assets using these functions, changes in volume or timing, or unusual information being queried. Many devices provide multiple ways to achieve the same result (e.g., functions with/without an acknowledgment or functions that operate on a single point vs. multiple points). Monitor for changes in the functions used.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25852363-5968-4673-b81d-341d5ed90bd1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7fc9fbfc-ab9f-4189-bc1f-d473e9ef36b5", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.071Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize network allowlists to restrict unnecessary connections to network devices (e.g., comm servers, serial to ethernet converters) and services, especially in cases when devices have limits on the number of simultaneous sessions they support.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f1f4ccb-9be2-4ff8-8f69-dd972221169b", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7fdaa9be-aecf-459f-b028-7c35dc8b6451", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.152Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only designated administrators or engineers can interact with alarm management and alarm configuration thresholds.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e57ebc6d-785f-40c8-adb1-b5b5e09b3b48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--7ff12adb-bc9a-42e5-9cbf-613b200c36dc", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.114Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist. (Citation: Dan Goodin March 2017)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--059ba11e-e3dc-49aa-84ca-88197f40d4ea", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9f947a1c-3860-48a8-8af0-a2dfa3efde03", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Dan Goodin March 2017", "description": "Dan Goodin 2017, March Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--808174b7-3ab0-45b5-963e-5c10dd749e3c", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-21T16:43:45.457Z", "description": "Statically defined ARP entries can prevent manipulation and sniffing of switched network traffic, as some AiTM techniques depend on sending spoofed ARP messages to manipulate network host's dynamic ARP tables.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--52c7a1a9-3a78-4528-a44f-cd7b0fa3541a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a505987-ab05-4f46-a9a6-6441442eec3b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--808c57e7-72ef-4860-b9ea-8ea072e2385a", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.098Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--80a69b56-337d-446a-8167-8b9f63083c4f", "created": "2022-09-28T21:24:21.810Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA-AA22-103A", "description": "DHS/CISA. (2022, May 25). Alert (AA22-103A) APT Cyber Tools Targeting ICS/SCADA Devices. Retrieved September 28, 2022.", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-103a"}, {"source_name": "Wylie-22", "description": "Jimmy Wylie. (2022, August). Analyzing PIPEDREAM: Challenges in Testing an ICS Attack Toolkit. Defcon 30.", "url": "https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2030/DEF%20CON%2030%20presentations/Jimmy%20Wylie%20-%20Analyzing%20PIPEDREAM%20Challenges%20in%20testing%20an%20ICS%20attack%20toolkit.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-13T16:53:47.442Z", "description": "[INCONTROLLER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1045) includes a library that creates Modbus connections with a device to request its device ID.(Citation: CISA-AA22-103A)(Citation: Wylie-22) ", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--80cf98bd-b7dc-45cf-91a6-4ab6b79a7f0b", "created": "2024-03-25T20:17:49.585Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-03-25T20:17:49.585Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1c5cf58c-a34a-40d7-82f4-f987cdfc2b91", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81055366-e78b-40e0-a799-4b536ba03db3", "created": "2023-09-29T18:45:22.474Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:45:22.474Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81117328-e2bb-431c-a1ca-6ba7e6816637", "created": "2022-09-26T16:25:38.511Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T16:25:38.511Z", "description": "Consult asset management systems to understand expected program versions.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--b05a614b-033c-4578-b4f2-c63a9feee706", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81352e47-4317-45e3-88b9-a97dd2166727", "created": "2024-03-28T14:29:05.074Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "FireEye TRITON Dec 2017", "description": "Blake Johnson, Dan Caban, Marina Krotofil, Dan Scali, Nathan Brubaker, Christopher Glyer. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \u201cTRITON\u201d and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-10T15:01:17.504Z", "description": "In the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030), [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) downloaded multiple rounds of control logic to the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) controllers through a program append operation.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--45a98f02-852f-49b2-94c0-c63207bebbbf", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--817ae105-3ddf-4766-9d26-ca1ec3c64eb6", "created": "2023-09-28T20:11:42.579Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:11:42.579Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--1769c499-55e5-462f-bab2-c39b8cd5ae32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81806f43-c9aa-486e-8032-4e4665ba0d39", "created": "2023-09-29T18:43:13.760Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:43:13.760Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--818ce9d0-8fc2-4a34-a062-f0e6995bdf32", "created": "2023-09-28T21:13:00.330Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:13:00.330Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b0628bfc-5376-4a38-9182-f324501cb4cf", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81add433-49d8-43ec-85d5-f48fe80e56e7", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.806Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:44:21.000Z", "description": "Devices that provide user access to the underlying operating system may allow the installation of custom software to monitor OS API execution. Monitoring API calls may generate a significant amount of data and may not be useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of API functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b52870cc-83f3-473c-b895-72d91751030b", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--81ca994a-b350-424d-8f39-a0b64aa76260", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.204Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--dc61c280-c29d-44e5-a960-c0dd1623d2ba", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--648f995e-9c3a-41e4-aeee-98bb41037426", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--82b20c35-88c6-49aa-8241-a59512b17b74", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Langer Stuxnet", "description": "Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved December 7, 2020.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-17T16:00:35.053Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) was able to self-replicate by being spread through removable drives. A willing insider or unknown third party, such as a contractor, may have brought the removable media into the target environment. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011) The earliest version of Stuxnet relied on physical installation, infecting target systems when an infected configuration file carried by a USB stick was opened. 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While the vulnerability does not directly cause the restart or shutdown of the device, the device must be restarted manually before it can resume operations. 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If a user opens an uninfected project file using a compromised manager, the file will be infected with Stuxnet code. If an infected project is opened with the Simatic manager, the modified data file will trigger a search for the `xyz.dll` file. If the `xyz.dll` file is not found in any of the specified locations, the malicious DLL will be loaded and executed by the manager. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--8a07f92e-9384-4967-9cd9-ffa08a0e55bf", "created": "2023-03-30T19:01:40.038Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-30T19:01:40.038Z", "description": "Monitor for any suspicious attempts to enable scripts running on a system. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fa3aa267-da22-4bdd-961f-03223322a8d5", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--8a604466-8437-4fe6-b6db-ec8fb05d702a", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET 2017, June 12 Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems Retrieved. 2017/09/15 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:49:59.817Z", "description": "In [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) the first COM port from the configuration file is used for the actual communication and the two other COM ports are just opened to prevent other processes accessing them. Thus, the IEC 101 payload component is able to take over and maintain control of the RTU device. 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Kapellmann Zafra, Nathan Brubaker, Tyler Mclellan, Chris Sistrunk. (2023, November 9). Sandworm Disrupts Power in Ukraine Using a Novel Attack Against Operational Technology. Retrieved March 28, 2024.", "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/sandworm-disrupts-power-ukraine-operational-technology"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-17T15:20:25.327Z", "description": "During the [2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0034), [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) executed a MicroSCADA application binary `scilc.exe` to send a predefined list of SCADA instructions specified in a file defined by the adversary, `s1.txt`. 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(Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--622fe4d4-0e8e-4d17-9c25-6c9cef1f15d5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Keith Stouffer May 2015", "description": "Keith Stouffer 2015, May Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2018/03/28 ", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7a2790e-d5ba-4a46-bde3-c698c6ae52ac", "created": "2023-09-28T19:41:16.927Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:41:16.927Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7a4b080-e4a6-4c46-b2c7-84119df76393", "created": "2022-09-26T14:43:24.136Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL", "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:49:34.799Z", "description": "Monitor for newly executed processes that can be used to discover remote systems, such as ping.exe and tracert.exe, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL) Consider monitoring for new processes engaging in scanning activity or connecting to multiple systems by correlating process creation network data.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7ca9443-f833-4636-9c30-fcaddd3516c6", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:33:22.909Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to Windows registry keys and/or values that may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--063b5b92-5361-481a-9c3f-95492ed9a2d8", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7caa7f2-cfb9-4fc9-ae8d-49349b6c260f", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-25T20:42:02.105Z", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the download of programs, including online edits and program appends, to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be69c571-d746-4b1f-bdd0-c0c9817e9068", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7fb3abd-c800-408e-8329-2a4f6256ea4a", "created": "2022-09-29T14:27:05.757Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-29T14:27:05.757Z", "description": "Monitor logon sessions for hardcoded credential use, when feasible.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c9a8d958-fcdb-40d2-af4c-461c8031651a", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a7fbe555-a61b-4b93-bfb2-8e0dd0d6323e", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.126Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider utilizing jump boxes for external remote access. Additionally, dynamic account management may be used to easily remove accounts when not in use.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e57ebc6d-785f-40c8-adb1-b5b5e09b3b48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a82e9f8a-f81e-407a-b284-e0ae5f055c61", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.805Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T19:39:30.850Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to a file may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a846dbe5-9ef3-4fb6-93d5-f764671a75c8", "created": "2021-04-11T14:06:54.109Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ICS CERT September 2018", "description": "ICS CERT 2018, September 06 Advantech/Broadwin WebAccess RPC Vulnerability (Update B) Retrieved. 2019/12/05 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/ICSA-11-094-02B"}, {"source_name": "ICS-CERT December 2014", "description": "ICS-CERT 2014, December 10 ICS Alert (ICS-ALERT-14-281-01E) Ongoing Sophisticated Malware Campaign Compromising ICS (Update E) Retrieved. 2019/10/11 ", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-14-281-01B"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T16:59:07.486Z", "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) actors exploited vulnerabilities in GE's Cimplicity HMI and Advantech/Broadwin WebAccess HMI software which had been directly exposed to the internet. (Citation: ICS-CERT December 2014) (Citation: ICS CERT September 2018)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32632a95-6856-47b9-9ab7-fea5cd7dce00", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a847aa03-ea56-47d1-8f4e-f9e0dd9707a0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.125Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Consider removal of remote services which are not regularly in use, or only enabling them when required (e.g., vendor remote access). Ensure all external remote access point (e.g., jump boxes, VPN concentrator) are configured with least functionality, especially the removal of unnecessary services. (Citation: Department of Homeland Security September 2016)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--d0909119-2f71-4923-87db-b649881672d7", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d2f3bab-507c-4424-b58b-edc977bd215c", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security September 2016", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2016, September Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a84dd2f5-d4f4-44c1-ba51-4804f40576e1", "created": "2023-09-28T20:28:27.970Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T20:28:27.970Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--a86cee0a-dc49-4c95-b5dc-37405337490b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.079Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Authenticate all access to field controllers before authorizing access to, or modification of, a device's state, logic, or programs. 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At the network layer, protocols such as the Parallel Redundancy Protocol can be used to simultaneously use redundant and diverse communication over a local network. (Citation: M. Rentschler and H. Heine)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--f0f5c87a-a58d-440a-b3b5-ca679d98c6dd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "external_references": [{"source_name": "M. Rentschler and H. Heine", "description": "M. Rentschler and H. 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(2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \u201cTRITON\u201d and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2024-04-10T15:01:54.735Z", "description": "In the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030), [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) would programmatically return the controller to a normal running state if the [Triton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1009) malware failed. If the controller could not recover in a defined time window, [TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) programmatically overwrote their malicious program with invalid data.(Citation: FireEye TRITON Dec 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--45a98f02-852f-49b2-94c0-c63207bebbbf", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53a26eee-1080-4d17-9762-2027d5a1b805", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b064068a-9e17-4ac8-9a92-a1338d7196c7", "created": "2022-09-27T15:30:18.604Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T15:30:18.604Z", "description": "Monitor logs from installed applications (e.g., historian logs) for unexpected commands or abuse of system features.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24a9253e-8948-4c98-b751-8e2aee53127c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b07e6896-a840-49a1-8d58-94396a902b95", "created": "2023-03-31T17:56:07.978Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Industroyer", "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. 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Enabling more strict isolation to more critical control and operational information within the control environment. 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As noted in the technique description, there may be multiple sources of alarms in an ICS environment. Discrepancies between alarms may indicate the adversary is suppressing some but not all the alarms in the environment. This will not directly detect the technique\u2019s execution, but instead may provide additional evidence that the technique has been used and may complement other detections.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9d56be63-3501-4dd3-bb5f-63c580833298", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2900bbd8-308a-4274-b074-5b8bde8347bc", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b1921480-8499-46a9-8396-2a2d747c5861", "created": "2023-09-28T19:58:00.892Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:58:00.892Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b1d993d5-9e7e-4043-a651-07c7b5ad5a6b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.228Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "If a link is being visited by a user, network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious downloads can be used to block activity.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b21e0340-976d-44b2-94ae-f777199993c6", "created": "2023-09-28T19:39:00.326Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:39:00.326Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--493832d9-cea6-4b63-abe7-9a65a6473675", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b252a076-6d4e-49f5-95ac-16264ef05b1d", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov", "description": "Anton Cherepanov   BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry Retrieved. 2019/10/29 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:55:06.661Z", "description": "[KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) is able to delete system files to make the system unbootable and targets 35 different types of files for deletion. 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Consider correlating alarms with other data sources that indicate traffic has been blocked, such as network traffic. In cases where alternative methods of communicating with outstations exist alarms may still be visible even if command messages are blocked.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--4c12c1c8-bcef-4daf-8e5b-fca235f71d9e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b4b698a7-b80e-41f6-8ca2-a954270cceb3", "created": "2022-09-27T17:37:02.670Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nzyme Alerts Intro", "description": "Koopmann, Lennart. (n.d.). Nzyme Alerts Introduction. Retrieved September 26, 2022.", "url": "https://www.nzyme.org/docs/alerts/intro"}, {"source_name": "Wireless Intrusion Detection", "description": "Tomko, A.; Rieser, C; Buell, H.; Zeret, D.; Turner, W.. (2007, March). Wireless Intrusion Detection. Retrieved September 26, 2022.", "url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA466332.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-27T17:37:02.670Z", "description": "Purely passive network sniffing cannot be detected effectively. In cases where the adversary interacts with the wireless network (e.g., joining a Wi-Fi network) detection may be possible. Monitor for new or irregular network traffic flows which may indicate potentially unwanted devices or sessions on wireless networks.  In Wi-Fi networks monitor for changes such as rogue access points or low signal strength, indicating a device is further away from the access point then expected and changes in the physical layer signal.(Citation: Nzyme Alerts Intro) (Citation: Wireless Intrusion Detection)  Network traffic content will provide important context, such as hardware (e.g., MAC) addresses, user accounts, and types of messages sent.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0fe075d5-beac-4d02-b93e-0f874997db72", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b4bb8bd7-8984-45de-888f-45c51ab157fa", "created": "2023-09-29T17:45:55.581Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:45:55.581Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b4efcbe0-ffe3-4d9a-8dba-570e68494af1", "created": "2023-03-10T20:10:23.377Z", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Marshall Abrams July 2008", "description": "Marshall Abrams 2008, July 23 Malicious Control System Cyber Security Attack Case Study Maroochy Water Services, Australia Retrieved. 2018/03/27 ", "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/pdf/08_1145.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-10T20:10:23.377Z", "description": "In the [Maroochy Water Breach](https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0020), the adversary falsified network addresses in order to send false data and instructions to pumping stations.(Citation: Marshall Abrams July 2008)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "campaign--70cab19e-1745-425e-b3db-c02cd5ff157a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5979643-fefb-460f-b59c-971efe95f121", "created": "2022-09-27T16:57:48.758Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:42:28.408Z", "description": "Monitor for changes made to services that may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--66531bc6-a509-4868-8314-4d599e91d222", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b59a96e4-bd70-4459-9609-66563bccd9c3", "created": "2023-09-29T16:38:21.688Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:38:21.688Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--19a71d1e-6334-4233-8260-b749cae37953", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--69d1b1ef-e918-4cfd-9a98-29debd04cb32", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5ab26e2-eb90-4f19-b35a-b8a0a5438961", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Hydro", "description": "Hydro Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16  Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://www.hydro.com/en/media/on-the-agenda/cyber-attack/"}, {"source_name": "Kevin Beaumont", "description": "Kevin Beaumont   How Lockergoga took down Hydro  ransomware used in targeted attacks aimed at big business Retrieved. 2019/10/16 ", "url": "https://doublepulsar.com/how-lockergoga-took-down-hydro-ransomware-used-in-targeted-attacks-aimed-at-big-business-c666551f5880"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-12T17:57:06.704Z", "description": "Some of Norsk Hydro's production systems were impacted by a [LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) infection. This resulted in a loss of control which forced the company to switch to manual operations. (Citation: Kevin Beaumont) (Citation: Hydro)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a81696ef-c106-482c-8f80-59c30f2569fb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5bb5ec3-aa3c-4734-8425-4be80c5658a9", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.143Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "This technique may not be effectively mitigated against, consider controls for assets and processes that lead to the use of this technique.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36e9f5bc-ac13-4da4-a2f4-01f4877d9004", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b5e52859-8dab-4e7e-af70-bb38c6993c98", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.200Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Preventing screen capture on a device may require disabling various system calls supported by the operating systems (e.g., Microsoft WindowsGraphicsCaputer APIs), however, these may be needed for other critical applications.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--469b78dd-a54d-4f7c-8c3b-4a1dd916b433", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e3cdbc-0387-4be9-8f83-ff5c0865f377", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b628d878-4f35-4580-8d42-26984d13821e", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.143Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Protocols used for control functions should provide authenticity through MAC functions or digital signatures. If not, utilize bump-in-the-wire devices or VPNs to enforce communication authenticity between devices that are not capable of supporting this (e.g., legacy controllers, RTUs).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7257b6e-4159-4771-b1f3-2bb93adaecac", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b6309476-8268-4c47-920b-8a556cd8ae4c", "created": "2023-09-29T18:47:07.359Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:47:07.359Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2fedbe69-581f-447d-8a78-32ee7db939a9", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b69905bd-6865-4092-9543-47bd9ae318ec", "created": "2023-09-28T19:54:22.618Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T19:54:22.618Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b69f31c3-6c12-4b81-8e74-9c58ea635fa4", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.232Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that applications and devices do not store sensitive data or credentials insecurely (e.g., plaintext credentials in code, published credentials in repositories, or credentials in public cloud storage). (Citation: CISA June 2013)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--8a3aadd0-b5f4-433a-800e-4893e4196bb7", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd2c76a4-5e23-4ca5-9c40-d5e0604f7101", "external_references": [{"source_name": "CISA June 2013", "description": "CISA 2013, June Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b7284360-0d80-45bb-8486-263ae8f8fa63", "created": "2023-09-28T21:26:01.106Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:26:01.106Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b72b7dfd-f134-4324-84b8-52ff13fc6b5c", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.128Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses. Perform periodic integrity checks of the device to validate the correctness of the firmware, software, programs, and configurations. 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Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.  Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5b9bacb-97f2-4249-b804-47fd44de1f95", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b8edcf0a-ec53-4203-b3ad-2cc734a1f1dd", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2021-10-14T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.226Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Update software on control network assets when possible. If feasible, use modern operating systems and software to reduce exposure to known vulnerabilities.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--97f33c84-8508-45b9-8a1d-cac921828c9e", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35392fb4-a31d-4c6a-b9f2-1c65b7f5e6b9", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b8f6d6a8-e668-4596-8ec2-41c5d1bd211d", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.097Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "All field controllers should restrict the modification of programs to only certain users (e.g., engineers, field technician), preferably through implementing a role-based access mechanism.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e0d38502-decb-481d-ad8b-b8f0a0c330bd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aa406ed-81c3-4c1d-ba83-cfbee5a2847a", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b960c5ed-1ea8-4dde-9203-c02d291d3bc6", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.222Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Use host-based allowlists to prevent devices from accepting connections from unauthorized systems. For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. (Citation: Department of Homeland Security September 2016)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security September 2016", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2016, September Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b9632b4d-43c3-4bfa-88e0-629245acb8eb", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.091Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure users and user groups have appropriate permissions for their roles through Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls to prevent misuse. Implement user accounts for each individual that may access the repositories for role enforcement and non-repudiation of actions.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--e57ebc6d-785f-40c8-adb1-b5b5e09b3b48", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--b9e82422-b072-494f-99c1-fcab07b90133", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.146Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Require signed binaries.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--71eb7dad-07eb-4bbc-9df0-ac57bf2fba4a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba203963-3182-41ac-af14-7e7ebc83cd61", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--ba010007-6dde-4c9d-8452-69527cd1c2ba", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.091Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Minimize permissions and access for service accounts to limit the information that may be exposed or collected by malicious users or software. 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The malicious SQL commands include xp_cmdshell, sp_dumpdbilog, and sp_addextendedproc. 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(Citation: Joe Slowik April 2019)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--85a45294-08f1-4539-bf00-7da08aa7b0ee", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c5a69738-3e80-421d-aba2-bdab8a4029fd", "created": "2023-09-29T18:43:49.839Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T18:43:49.839Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7830cfcf-b268-4ac0-a69e-73c6affbae9a", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--f1315d02-9118-4e3b-8cdf-4c2d3f77ce41", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "id": "relationship--c5dd0d66-99f1-4efd-b0f9-bf9f9118ff16", "type": "relationship", "created": "2020-06-10T18:36:54.638Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory", "description": "NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020."}, {"source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."}, {"source_name": "UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games", "description": "UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."}, {"source_name": "Secureworks IRON VIKING ", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking", "description": "Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."}, {"source_name": "Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html", "description": "Haquebord, F. et al. (2022, March 17). Cyclops Blink Sets Sights on Asus Routers. Retrieved March 17, 2022."}], "modified": "2022-03-17T15:07:01.055Z", "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)(Citation: Secureworks IRON VIKING )(Citation: Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", "target_ref": "malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb", "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c5fd0969-c151-4849-94c2-83e2e208cff7", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.168Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Ensure that wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted when feasible. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS. (Citation: Keith Stouffer May 2015)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--7f153c28-e5f1-4764-88fb-eea1d9b0ad4a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Keith Stouffer May 2015", "description": "Keith Stouffer 2015, May Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security Retrieved. 2018/03/28 ", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r2.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c63c35c2-a402-4d0d-bf25-f48eb9b379c1", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.807Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:26:20.823Z", "description": "Spoofed reporting messages may be detected by reviewing the content of automation protocols, either through detecting based on expected values or comparing to other out of band process data sources. Spoofed messages may not precisely match legitimate messages which may lead to malformed traffic, although traffic may be malformed for many benign reasons. Monitor reporting messages for changes in how they are constructed.\n\nVarious techniques enable spoofing a reporting message. Consider monitoring for [Rogue Master](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848) and [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0830) activity.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8535b71e-3c12-4258-a4ab-40257a1becc4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c64f2ed2-f7a7-4333-b0d3-d687ffb7ad6b", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security October 2009", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2009, October Developing an Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Incident Response Capability Retrieved. 2020/09/17 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/final-RP_ics_cybersecurity_incident_response_100609.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-19T21:23:30.482Z", "description": "Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.  Maintain and exercise incident response plans  (Citation: Department of Homeland Security October 2009), including the management of gold-copy back-up images and configurations for key systems to enable quick recovery and response from adversarial activities that impact control, view, or availability.\n", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad12819e-3211-4291-b360-069f280cff0a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4c2e1408-9d68-4187-8e6b-a77bc52700ec", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c6520346-fe47-44ce-af75-d99004ac2977", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:17:59.179Z", "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) can reprogram a PLC and change critical parameters in such a way that legitimate commands can be overridden or intercepted. In addition, Stuxnet can apply inappropriate command sequences or parameters to cause damage to property. (Citation: Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1af9e3fd-2bcc-414d-adbd-fe3b95c02ca1", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c6562519-81c5-4eca-a815-f46ac0ed4bcc", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.070Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Utilize network allowlists to restrict unnecessary connections to network devices (e.g., comm servers, serial to ethernet converters) and services, especially in cases when devices have limits on the number of simultaneous sessions they support.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c65e39eb-f6d1-4e3a-9070-b2fa7ea35b36", "created": "2023-09-28T21:27:50.246Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-28T21:27:50.246Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c664bb6c-59f0-4b31-bbb4-ef66fca933d4", "created": "2022-05-11T16:22:58.808Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-10-14T16:45:39.703Z", "description": "Monitor for newly executed processes that depend on user interaction, especially for applications that can embed programmatic capabilities (e.g., Microsoft Office products with scripts, installers, zip files). This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2736b752-4ec5-4421-a230-8977dea7649c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c67e3535-69a9-4234-8170-4ad6efc632b7", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.211Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Implement continuous monitoring of vulnerability sources. Also, use automatic and manual code review tools. (Citation: OWASP)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--de0bc375-50e1-4e26-a342-a8ff8c9d3037", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e0f75da-e108-4688-a6de-a4f07cc2cbe3", "external_references": [{"source_name": "OWASP", "description": "OWASP   Top 10 Web Application Security Risks Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c69eab3c-861c-45f5-8858-a595fcc7e6f6", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.132Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3172222b-4983-43f7-8983-753ded4f13bc", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ead7bd34-186e-4c79-9a4d-b65bcce6ed9d", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S February 2014", "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S 2014, February Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting Retrieved. 2016/04/20 ", "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c6a05c20-02d4-42ce-ad5c-280c604e13d8", "created": "2023-09-29T17:59:11.267Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:59:11.267Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8bb4538f-f16f-49f0-a431-70b5444c7349", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--3a95f7e4-4877-4967-b2e8-e287976c3e64", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c726e8af-9b98-4ce9-b8f4-3e82e59d5374", "created": "2022-09-26T14:35:27.430Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-26T14:35:27.430Z", "description": "Monitor for new or unexpected connections to controllers, which could indicate an Unauthorized Command Message being sent via [Rogue Master](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40b300ba-f553-48bf-862e-9471b220d455", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c785c026-4139-4c56-a6dd-cdd3ba75bab1", "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017", "description": "Anton Cherepanov, ESET 2017, June 12 Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial control systems Retrieved. 2017/09/15 ", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-23T18:57:08.952Z", "description": "In [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) the first COM port from the configuration file is used for the actual communication and the two other COM ports are just opened to prevent other processes accessing them. Thus, the IEC 101 payload component is able to take over and maintain control of the RTU device. (Citation: Anton Cherepanov, ESET June 2017)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--008b8f56-6107-48be-aa9f-746f927dbb61", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--c78f497f-01c3-4efb-aa74-92b700b9c02b", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.186Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "When at rest, project files should be encrypted to prevent unauthorized changes. 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(2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing", "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. 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The malware uses a raw socket to look for connections to a pre-specified IP address, only looking at TCP packets that are 150 bytes or larger. Packets that are not on port 502, are scanned for BasicAuth, and that information is logged. This may have allowed credential harvesting from communications between devices accessing a modbus-enabled HMI. (Citation: William Largent June 2018) (Citation: Carl Hurd March 2019)", "relationship_type": "uses", "source_ref": "malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--38213338-1aab-479d-949b-c81b66ccca5c", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "id": "relationship--cb1037c1-4b83-4a79-ba12-00558bb6b42b", "type": "relationship", "created": "2021-10-04T20:52:20.304Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "ESET Lazarus KillDisk April 2018", "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. 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An infection sequence consists of code blocks and data blocks that will be downloaded to the PLC to alter its behavior. 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Rentschler and H. Heine", "description": "M. Rentschler and H. Heine   The Parallel Redundancy Protocol for industrial IP networks Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6505877"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-30T14:08:42.386Z", "description": "Retain cold-standby or replacement hardware of similar models to ensure continued operations of critical functions if the primary system is compromised or unavailable. (Citation: M. Rentschler and H. 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It also infects OB35. OB35 acts as a watchdog, and on certain conditions, it can stop the execution of OB1. 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In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user-based anomalies.", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3405891b-16aa-4bd7-bd7c-733501f9b20f", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--ce3aad7e-1e15-40c7-916b-e25a647e9986", "created": "2023-09-29T16:31:36.462Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T16:31:36.462Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ea0c980c-5cf0-43a7-a049-59c4c207566e", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--973bc51e-c41e-4cec-ac03-9389c71f3d0d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "0.1", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "3.2.0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "id": "relationship--ce64ed04-f0ff-4897-b636-3177c9c5d9bb", "type": "relationship", "created": "2021-01-20T21:03:13.436Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "external_references": [{"source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", "description": "Scott W. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. 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Monitoring known devices requires ICS function level insight to determine if an unauthorized device is issuing commands (e.g., a historian).", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b14395bd-5419-4ef4-9bd8-696936f509bb", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--cf8a816c-30ee-4147-a48f-d797fb145a04", "created": "2023-09-29T17:43:10.828Z", "revoked": false, "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-09-29T17:43:10.829Z", "description": "", "relationship_type": "targets", "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c267bbee-bb59-47fe-85e0-3ed210337c21", "target_ref": "x-mitre-asset--68388d4f-8138-420b-be2b-5a7dfe9ff6b4", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": 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"description": "[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) is disguised as an Adobe Flash installer. 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For example, allowlists can be used to ensure devices can only connect with master stations or known management/engineering workstations. (Citation: Department of Homeland Security September 2016)\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--aadac250-bcdc-44e3-a4ae-f52bd0a7a16a", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--efbf7888-f61b-4572-9c80-7e2965c60707", "external_references": [{"source_name": "Department of Homeland Security September 2016", "description": "Department of Homeland Security 2016, September Retrieved. 2020/09/25 ", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"}], "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f0c81c9f-2fb7-4e7d-98ed-c75e3be7d962", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:21:24.221Z", "description": "When the peripheral output is written to, sequence C intercepts the output and ensures it is not written to the process image output. The output is the instructions the PLC sends to a device to change its operating behavior. By intercepting the peripheral output, [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) prevents an operator from noticing unauthorized commands sent to the peripheral. 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(2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved December 7, 2020.", "url": "https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-03-17T16:00:06.894Z", "description": "One of [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603)'s rootkits is contained entirely in the fake s7otbxdx.dll. In order to continue existing undetected on the PLC it needs to account for at least the following situations: read requests for its own malicious code blocks, read requests for infected blocks (OB1, OB35, DP_RECV), and write requests that could overwrite Stuxnets own code. Stuxnet contains code to monitor and intercept these types of requests. The rootkit modifies these requests so that Stuxnets PLC code is not discovered or damaged. 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Consider using access management technologies to enforce authorization on all management interface access attempts, especially when the device does not inherently provide strong authentication and authorization functions.\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--3992ce42-43e9-4bea-b8db-a102ec3ec1e3", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e5de767e-f513-41cd-aa15-33f6ce5fbf92", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f29ecf69-1753-44bb-9b80-1025f49cadda", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011", "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 ", "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2022-09-20T21:24:02.276Z", "description": "DP_RECV is the name of a standard function block used by network coprocessors. It is used to receive network frames on the Profibus  a standard industrial network bus used for distributed I/O. The original block is copied to FC1869, and then replaced by a malicious block. Each time the function is used to receive a packet, the malicious [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) block takes control: it will call the original DP_RECV in FC1869 and then perform postprocessing on the packet data. The replaced DP_RECV block (later on referred to as the DP_RECV monitor) is meant to monitor data sent by the frequency converter drives to the 315-2 CPU via CP 342-5 Profibus communication modules. 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The CHIPSEC framework can be used for analysis to determine if firmware modifications have been performed.(Citation: McAfee CHIPSEC Blog) (Citation: Github CHIPSEC) (Citation: Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit)", "relationship_type": "detects", "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--b9d031bb-d150-4fc6-8025-688201bf3ffd", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9160e77-ea9e-4ba9-b1c8-53a3c466b13d", "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "1.0", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"}, {"type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f347b4fe-d829-427d-851a-fff3393441db", "created": "2021-04-12T07:57:26.506Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "Joe Slowik August 2019", "description": "Joe Slowik 2019, August 15 CRASHOVERRIDE: Reassessing the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Event as a Protection-Focused Attack Retrieved. 2019/10/22 ", "url": "https://dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE.pdf"}], "object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "modified": "2023-04-14T20:00:00.650Z", "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) contained a module which leveraged a vulnerability in the Siemens SIPROTEC relays (CVE-2015-5374) to create a Denial of Service against automated protective relays. 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(2021, June 15). Secure PLC Coding Practices: Top 20 version 1.0. 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Verify a cryptographic hash for the file with a known trusted version, or look for other indicators of modification (e.g., timestamps).\n", "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcf91ebc-f316-4e19-b2f6-444e9940c697", "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e72425f8-9ae6-41d3-bfdb-e1b865e60722", "x_mitre_attack_spec_version": "2.1.0", "x_mitre_modified_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "x_mitre_version": "1.0"}, {"object_marking_refs": ["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"], "type": "relationship", "id": "relationship--f9c29dd4-1c5e-4f7e-b60a-862319a6d0a0", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "created": "2020-09-21T17:59:24.739Z", "modified": "2022-05-06T17:47:24.184Z", "relationship_type": "mitigates", "description": "Allow for code signing of any project files stored at rest to prevent unauthorized tampering. 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The sectors that these PLCs can be commonly found in are water and wastewater, energy, food and beverage manufacturing, and healthcare. 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Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups, such as [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138), [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082), and [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094).   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(2022, February 1). CrowdStrike Adversary Labyrinth Chollima. Retrieved February 1, 2022.", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723190317/https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/labyrinth-chollima/"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023", "description": "Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023.", "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide"}, {"source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160226161828/https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"}, {"source_name": "Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017", "description": "Secureworks. (2017, December 15). Media Alert - Secureworks Discovers North Korean Cyber Threat Group, Lazarus, Spearphishing Financial Executives of Cryptocurrency Companies. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/about/press/media-alert-secureworks-discovers-north-korean-cyber-threat-group-lazarus-spearphishing"}, {"source_name": "Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017", "description": "Smith, B. (2017, December 19). Microsoft and Facebook disrupt ZINC malware attack to protect customers and the internet from ongoing cyberthreats. 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The group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017)(Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Playbook 2023)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)", "aliases": ["OilRig", "COBALT GYPSY", "IRN2", "APT34", "Helix Kitten", "Evasive Serpens", "Hazel Sandstorm", "EUROPIUM"], "x_mitre_deprecated": false, "x_mitre_version": "4.0", "x_mitre_contributors": ["Robert Falcone", "Bryan Lee", "Dragos Threat Intelligence"], "type": "intrusion-set", "id": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", "revoked": false, "external_references": [{"source_name": "mitre-attack", "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049", "external_id": "G0049"}, {"source_name": "IRN2", "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"}, {"source_name": "Hazel Sandstorm", "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023)"}, {"source_name": "EUROPIUM", "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023)"}, {"source_name": "OilRig", "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)"}, {"source_name": "COBALT GYPSY", "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile)"}, {"source_name": "Helix Kitten", "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"}, {"source_name": "Evasive Serpens", "description": "(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Playbook 2023)"}, {"source_name": "Check Point APT34 April 2021", "description": "Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran\u2019s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/"}, {"source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017", "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/"}, {"source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016", "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"}, {"source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig April 2017", "description": "Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/"}, {"source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016", "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"}, {"source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018", "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"}, {"source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018", "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). 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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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index bf0a4eadf9..770a2bcd2b 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--68ba94ab-78b8-43e7-83e2-aed3466882c6.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--68ba94ab-78b8-43e7-83e2-aed3466882c6.json
index 4e92e53839..9455818542 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71.json
index 804761a091..3345177d5d 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4.json
index 8c7583ba63..a35385ce78 100644
--- a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4.json
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index 64c022d69f..dce111a817 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133.json
index f290e39289..8f177aff4f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7.json
index 357c696f95..3ad92dfa96 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--f29b7c5e-2439-42ad-a86f-9f8984fafae3.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--f29b7c5e-2439-42ad-a86f-9f8984fafae3.json
index 638206240f..164f118b4f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f.json b/ics-attack/intrusion-set/intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f.json
index 01d7ee6802..4e19f8981c 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--00e7d565-9883-4ee5-b642-8fd17fd6a3f5.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--00e7d565-9883-4ee5-b642-8fd17fd6a3f5.json
index dcd6a6a0a7..3f9cdb519f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974.json
index c46d307497..0c97582c0f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4.json
index 711f88ea5e..5e3934c0c5 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--1d8dccb3-e779-4702-aeb1-6627a22cc585.json
index b130748c19..b5dd6a752c 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--242622ca-3903-43d5-8aa0-3bbdaa3020ec.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--242622ca-3903-43d5-8aa0-3bbdaa3020ec.json
index fbeac33e82..428f95171d 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a.json
index 41ba83dbb4..5399d9d6ab 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--496bff4d-0700-4b28-b06f-f30a63002be7.json
index f3aaf87ff7..fe0357a23a 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--49c04994-1035-4b58-89b7-cf8956e3b423.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--49c04994-1035-4b58-89b7-cf8956e3b423.json
index a7758a2038..d03093b037 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--4dcff507-5af8-47ce-964a-8d9569e9ccfe.json
index aa5930e460..85d61b6376 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4.json
index 318aa05ea9..6c0178a84e 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb.json
index 1653c8aa6d..aafbd7121a 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--58eddbaf-7416-419a-ad7b-e65b9d4c3b55.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--58eddbaf-7416-419a-ad7b-e65b9d4c3b55.json
index 9418131ab1..75b0a5b542 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48.json
index 5edb8a6494..cb93b35370 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--6108f800-10b8-4090-944e-be579f01263d.json
index 9e798ff73c..139fb03146 100644
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index 70b3da5e21..d4d417e125 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--6a0d0ea9-b2c4-43fe-a552-ac41a3009dc5.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--6a0d0ea9-b2c4-43fe-a552-ac41a3009dc5.json
index 09431d6f45..38b497945a 100644
--- a/ics-attack/malware/malware--6a0d0ea9-b2c4-43fe-a552-ac41a3009dc5.json
+++ b/ics-attack/malware/malware--6a0d0ea9-b2c4-43fe-a552-ac41a3009dc5.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--736a3b71-eccc-48b7-b5ed-adb2b74ca830.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--736a3b71-eccc-48b7-b5ed-adb2b74ca830.json
index b7e0bc027d..2952c02536 100644
--- a/ics-attack/malware/malware--736a3b71-eccc-48b7-b5ed-adb2b74ca830.json
+++ b/ics-attack/malware/malware--736a3b71-eccc-48b7-b5ed-adb2b74ca830.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661.json
index 07ce38468f..fd959f14f2 100644
--- a/ics-attack/malware/malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--80099a91-4c86-4bea-9ccb-dac55d61960e.json
index b609a0403b..da73dde5c5 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--89ab0ca5-f7e0-4d16-bf2a-17d68117fa4b.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--89ab0ca5-f7e0-4d16-bf2a-17d68117fa4b.json
index 3c8eb0ea2f..4da78595e7 100644
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+++ b/ics-attack/malware/malware--89ab0ca5-f7e0-4d16-bf2a-17d68117fa4b.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--9e3c9495-5fbd-4676-b3ac-ddecceb57b8f.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--9e3c9495-5fbd-4676-b3ac-ddecceb57b8f.json
index b61a605a7f..ab3565cf9a 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37.json
index 3bc5ec62d3..5dc59c0b01 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--a4a98eab-b691-45d9-8c48-869ef8fefd57.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--a4a98eab-b691-45d9-8c48-869ef8fefd57.json
index c2af7e24f0..e9c13de963 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5.json
index dd8f372a73..3bedfbebe0 100644
--- a/ics-attack/malware/malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--d3aa1058-b1b3-4c29-a3ba-9a9b90ccd93b.json
index b53d9f6484..c2cfa0e5be 100644
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index 654eb9fd0f..43fafcc804 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808.json
index 7a8af897e8..18402d72dc 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/malware/malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498.json b/ics-attack/malware/malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498.json
index de1cdb1657..982f40946f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/marking-definition/marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168.json b/ics-attack/marking-definition/marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168.json
index ecfbfc9bc5..cce03369ea 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--007a2c53-fc5c-4750-aff0-defb282e178a.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--007a2c53-fc5c-4750-aff0-defb282e178a.json
index 2fce164138..3ade25a08a 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--00b98fa6-4913-40a4-8920-befed8621c41.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--00b98fa6-4913-40a4-8920-befed8621c41.json
index a223cd8273..665c9b35ce 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--00b9e63b-57a7-408e-83d6-fc03535010a6.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--00b9e63b-57a7-408e-83d6-fc03535010a6.json
index 4e240175ff..2bc377d591 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--00e6c22b-9275-4039-b6d4-2ac0680325d6.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--00e6c22b-9275-4039-b6d4-2ac0680325d6.json
index b1ab0f47d7..00047f15cb 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--011f1d16-c9f1-48ac-94f1-165466c155f8.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--011f1d16-c9f1-48ac-94f1-165466c155f8.json
index e645841d1d..548ff30b92 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--012fd76f-1a10-4e48-9306-10ffae3f61dd.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--012fd76f-1a10-4e48-9306-10ffae3f61dd.json
index b0a9e61734..54e43c773f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--01335508-22bb-4185-a7e2-49ec9bee6423.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--01335508-22bb-4185-a7e2-49ec9bee6423.json
index 7f0420c365..c480ed6f82 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--01b4a92f-da42-4dfa-8d59-53709b65940e.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--01b4a92f-da42-4dfa-8d59-53709b65940e.json
index 383fdad16d..571d0f30dc 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--01d002a2-696a-4e22-b227-b0b32f54eaf0.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--01d002a2-696a-4e22-b227-b0b32f54eaf0.json
index 76b7e47acf..147f95ad9d 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--02117d44-46d2-41f0-a5fb-ba303e6ee124.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--02117d44-46d2-41f0-a5fb-ba303e6ee124.json
index c64c14a53f..d08b82b2c4 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--026ba3e5-ae3b-4a8b-83c0-ea8327cd9e50.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--026ba3e5-ae3b-4a8b-83c0-ea8327cd9e50.json
index 577cfc5413..c2a329bc6e 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--0278ddbc-67d5-444d-8082-bf9974dee920.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--0278ddbc-67d5-444d-8082-bf9974dee920.json
index 8cd846f7b0..7953cb6e38 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--028a3bcc-f299-4061-a0f2-8da85e0a3c81.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--028a3bcc-f299-4061-a0f2-8da85e0a3c81.json
index ca5769e419..a1e36f57f7 100644
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index cc2245e127..0f2ab3db7a 100644
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index b4df520608..9627dc4fcc 100644
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index bb845ae65e..c16ccebd41 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--03b4dae7-3b20-4ea9-9f7c-6c97582f98b7.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--03b4dae7-3b20-4ea9-9f7c-6c97582f98b7.json
index 51315b1986..b009b80498 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--03e80e3c-28b9-4e7f-8b17-7c86d1483b91.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--03e80e3c-28b9-4e7f-8b17-7c86d1483b91.json
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index 334249958f..00a8cdd7dc 100644
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index 31711eb919..7b8735062f 100644
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index 45de18b43b..14cd8ca83b 100644
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index ddfe326892..455df5d6a2 100644
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index 0932ce8f6f..3657de77cd 100644
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index 993d117c2c..497cb3a602 100644
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index f731c61170..9d5581c51c 100644
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index 25551d0b4f..dbc8854eab 100644
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index 2047eaf5fa..ead8f95997 100644
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index c338679774..5dc9e6924e 100644
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index 070df24ab8..f6c32758fe 100644
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index 33cd3e3555..e9904ba476 100644
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index f8256fd52b..bba3cfb7a2 100644
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index af7b70dc07..936f467a6c 100644
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index 0cc85f81f9..e00196628b 100644
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index f39a0c662f..5350458a59 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--1bea0610-432c-4cd7-8e0e-8b7bbd09d738.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--1bea0610-432c-4cd7-8e0e-8b7bbd09d738.json
index e028feacb6..917ba25340 100644
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index 389e330389..dd8ee4798c 100644
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index 00868838eb..4693ecbd52 100644
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index dcb82f0ae8..b2e8a1fd48 100644
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index 191f34de92..56c051ad71 100644
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index 1706458cb7..d1c22363f1 100644
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index 62b35cea5b..17f7150641 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--24885921-734f-46c1-85d7-3f79e0b886d6.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--24885921-734f-46c1-85d7-3f79e0b886d6.json
index 4937d326d5..c8bf25e7c3 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--24d17e8f-0c0f-41d1-aa83-8b69b8d30be5.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--24d17e8f-0c0f-41d1-aa83-8b69b8d30be5.json
index 5deb33c310..7c738cc781 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--24e1f6cf-44c3-4a3f-9839-5cd6398cc0fe.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--24e1f6cf-44c3-4a3f-9839-5cd6398cc0fe.json
index d4a8326a12..82c24f073f 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--250212f0-a149-4a14-af83-94f7fcedc021.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--250212f0-a149-4a14-af83-94f7fcedc021.json
index 1cec5f6565..00e66d325d 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--25281488-be20-4d83-89d1-1da7ea836037.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--25281488-be20-4d83-89d1-1da7ea836037.json
index c2be092a7f..6062be3a66 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--25ddb2e0-b945-45d2-a8a9-6e6d5c4401d3.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--25ddb2e0-b945-45d2-a8a9-6e6d5c4401d3.json
index 5ac43f8b85..4b5a0abf6e 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--25e7ca82-2784-433a-90a9-a3483615a655.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--25e7ca82-2784-433a-90a9-a3483615a655.json
index 97ead4dea7..5c126532f4 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--26254163-4f25-4d30-8456-ca093459ff32.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--26254163-4f25-4d30-8456-ca093459ff32.json
index c3f06b389b..e3dc3402f7 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--268b9429-b1c6-4bc3-84cf-8512e8ef57a7.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--268b9429-b1c6-4bc3-84cf-8512e8ef57a7.json
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index 89e4db2d4a..9aa6b25297 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--28afd84d-a53e-4b2f-9bee-133f7da6982a.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--28afd84d-a53e-4b2f-9bee-133f7da6982a.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--28e89bca-04a2-462f-9d84-d5dc4d55d98e.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--28e89bca-04a2-462f-9d84-d5dc4d55d98e.json
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index 88e59594a5..9e014bfac0 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--29b85313-645b-4fb1-b5c2-f580d111760b.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--29b85313-645b-4fb1-b5c2-f580d111760b.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--29c2757d-c5f6-4c8d-bbdd-3629cb14dd81.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--29c2757d-c5f6-4c8d-bbdd-3629cb14dd81.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--2b7d57d7-3802-4b59-99c6-1e1597fe78d1.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--2b7d57d7-3802-4b59-99c6-1e1597fe78d1.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--2c79920a-f2d1-4114-a1df-924835da645c.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--2c79920a-f2d1-4114-a1df-924835da645c.json
index 58fdc35c75..80c326af0b 100644
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index 03528e78f4..dd64f18ce3 100644
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index 17727880c6..27440b700e 100644
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index 5f7f679584..c7919588b8 100644
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index b8567c678d..08610f6c9e 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--2d65925e-f437-4557-bd8b-4c0d14ffd0b0.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--2d65925e-f437-4557-bd8b-4c0d14ffd0b0.json
index 0dae03e052..5d984ec753 100644
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index da8e1e5a40..64614ea264 100644
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index 4619550bd8..8349ec684e 100644
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index 4ff3ef523d..b29bfb691d 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--31897c41-1d47-4a34-b531-21c3f74651a8.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--31897c41-1d47-4a34-b531-21c3f74651a8.json
index 3b746c257f..d4cdc8e589 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--31bf1721-78a2-4b6c-b325-5c44dc02ea33.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--31bf1721-78a2-4b6c-b325-5c44dc02ea33.json
index 37fc39210c..7a2886750c 100644
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index 6303b157de..073a367dcf 100644
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index 7b27f2a170..0e8bb7cc41 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--321fc522-bc6b-4975-bee4-9098624d1e8c.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--321fc522-bc6b-4975-bee4-9098624d1e8c.json
index 4fea77b586..ed35b99b4b 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--32438a90-406c-40f7-a5ac-a1ca92cd51d5.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--32438a90-406c-40f7-a5ac-a1ca92cd51d5.json
index 8cdcaa0689..03f847b523 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--327916f7-fe5d-4858-adeb-f72f74c60c25.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--327916f7-fe5d-4858-adeb-f72f74c60c25.json
index 34ad729c38..acd773a112 100644
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index 918430bfb1..f4f37147a7 100644
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index a82d324934..1c694687c9 100644
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index eeb33a82f1..7a2c611963 100644
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index 8c223fe73f..3434951b75 100644
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index edb217ad90..c7fbb20108 100644
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index 4f589915fd..53ed20165d 100644
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index cf3cc78dcd..ea414235d0 100644
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index da7576cbac..963cf5ba9a 100644
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index 2f56409fb8..9b3f7e0ed8 100644
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index 42fb344686..d5d241aa31 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--4011b9e8-317f-40b9-bd3c-3fb1e99c6542.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--4011b9e8-317f-40b9-bd3c-3fb1e99c6542.json
index 59240848af..285a7bcfa8 100644
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index e6184f497d..ddcf24ce80 100644
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index 889fbaf06a..46a9fb489d 100644
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index 5aef0251e2..8ed558ab9f 100644
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index ba25e74fde..23fd720607 100644
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index 86c0a6ebd3..145bdb13ba 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--45aae58e-1d09-49de-b4c2-837c6f1d5d8f.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--45aae58e-1d09-49de-b4c2-837c6f1d5d8f.json
index 8a697dcffd..d3e462c573 100644
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index 7d21524868..5457d29544 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--4b6a964f-af5c-4ec2-a309-c1ae6b929596.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--4b6a964f-af5c-4ec2-a309-c1ae6b929596.json
index 307ac3d0ed..ef2e953eda 100644
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index ba81df6efc..90db800e7c 100644
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index bed81b0692..7a740d63b5 100644
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index 78b60dc725..ae5e3359bf 100644
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index bdf2894604..fe6fc56fcd 100644
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index 23301edf74..4149cd2acb 100644
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index 9655aa232b..e431c59cde 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--56dcc2d7-5243-4a5d-a556-8723642e98a4.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--56dcc2d7-5243-4a5d-a556-8723642e98a4.json
index 4736c0f781..92950dba7f 100644
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index 20a00a4144..c6417905e4 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--57510758-786a-4f0a-aab2-101eaf4e7b9f.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--57510758-786a-4f0a-aab2-101eaf4e7b9f.json
index 21a250f75c..7a11403d30 100644
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index 0adcd9077a..15750bb30e 100644
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index bcbe381735..40ee7067dc 100644
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index 8fa59225b2..59fcc4c63c 100644
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index ca747b82a5..55b79f88e1 100644
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index f50488c545..bb238c1461 100644
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index ae264c9f32..4e2df5a13e 100644
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index 3fb5529ca9..1e53771926 100644
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index d4dafc0985..f604eca5f3 100644
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index 75c04e4113..0e8a06481c 100644
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index a9a72f8c2e..8d88bef697 100644
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index 98996731ea..c51f183971 100644
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index fca77a93e7..1cbbe901e9 100644
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index 1486e93108..e4380e7329 100644
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index 5a7ba3e337..37de1deac3 100644
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index acd42bf917..4193c6500e 100644
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index ebfc3f3ca2..397457ab74 100644
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index 6951290798..f4a2b6782d 100644
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index 149323ca50..02e3edb147 100644
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index d371a3008f..1a2627c6dc 100644
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index 8be02cfe44..1260d7e79d 100644
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index 9018840a4a..4de45b1f9b 100644
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index ff818916da..b8dc74800c 100644
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index de1fc85c1f..5e983dd45c 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--758d5818-f919-4a6b-9dc2-a212595a11bd.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--758d5818-f919-4a6b-9dc2-a212595a11bd.json
index d36c687764..3ee7fef956 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--75a60046-c4d7-498a-b256-9a93b5992dcc.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--75a60046-c4d7-498a-b256-9a93b5992dcc.json
index 805337005c..fe318545b1 100644
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index 344e13af00..c512ebc1f8 100644
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index c66ee4434a..08f633a658 100644
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index bff5521000..6cf24d51a4 100644
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index cd93909bdb..00aaa9ef30 100644
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index 1e83dc1941..0e992eceeb 100644
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index f38624fd5c..f712c89975 100644
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index 902d970a5d..7f953a1ad1 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--7b95b2aa-9561-494f-8e02-d36edc14e38b.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--7b95b2aa-9561-494f-8e02-d36edc14e38b.json
index d5cd535d4c..892e78e1dc 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--7bb1dbec-7314-479a-9496-86f8e25041eb.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--7bb1dbec-7314-479a-9496-86f8e25041eb.json
index df5ad2203d..6648493261 100644
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index 9a0f9955c8..7e6f3bfb54 100644
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index 965491a9a1..23208fcfd0 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--7d2db896-3051-483c-bc53-ca21832ee085.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--7d2db896-3051-483c-bc53-ca21832ee085.json
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index efa55bac30..2c0d84010a 100644
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index 8431df99aa..e8717ded51 100644
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index bc5f1d2b68..a207f09e2a 100644
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index 879b38556b..39bbb070ca 100644
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index e1489d6594..03c118d01f 100644
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index e8dfc5498b..3e7cdca40b 100644
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index 40ac1791d6..1f0767cb1e 100644
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index 1f82609e62..0d90805e3c 100644
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index 9dbe930948..383a4892d7 100644
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index 5a93bc2df8..bf4803cdcf 100644
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index f21cc5ee38..47c3181798 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--8474e6ef-39c4-4ecc-ba5a-cbd9b32b5c65.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--8474e6ef-39c4-4ecc-ba5a-cbd9b32b5c65.json
index 666389ccce..d8cad59e7e 100644
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index 19fc858d7e..5fdda5692e 100644
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index ea053f857d..7ec4156598 100644
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index ca1882591b..4c45d081b4 100644
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index 852b818a35..45c8b56f86 100644
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index b0a6695e22..6226698c2c 100644
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index 3cad7fd8a0..1c4c4b3d21 100644
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index 14923cf81d..d3ae53a278 100644
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index 0c496b19ef..0f0708ed5e 100644
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index a3d999089e..3c6f599ec0 100644
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index 837280e185..45ca6fdaf9 100644
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index a170d7eb98..8bc2c0d4a0 100644
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index dde9e4e863..3599a53acc 100644
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index f63cc7de68..ed6a5bc0ce 100644
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index 9628acb39f..afbb383d18 100644
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index c70501dcba..b89449a07f 100644
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index b84712712c..63917824eb 100644
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index 30e6319a42..9583955b2f 100644
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index 7d97d5ac20..7325ffa031 100644
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index 0f192e4218..9795a71c78 100644
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index d8859166b2..febbf99aee 100644
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index 7b1b9a94ae..44ad4d5487 100644
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index f2ef4bf148..260c577b63 100644
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index e12819de72..af8a57c88d 100644
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index 06128abb46..1214104155 100644
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index dd85dbdf32..f11dfef2ad 100644
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index 38906ba2e6..c131aa8933 100644
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index d286ef1098..4b9451fdf3 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ac63d227-ff8a-43b8-81ef-ec4c046c4291.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ac63d227-ff8a-43b8-81ef-ec4c046c4291.json
index e87ae7ad15..c6f3278345 100644
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index 312e69f0a4..0e5960957f 100644
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index 99caa50b2e..6d4f6d6e81 100644
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index 39b72aea18..37e0a1af64 100644
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index 410a37ae02..45baee595d 100644
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index cd2c27dc19..0073ddca56 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--afe18ec4-b5b8-43f7-b9e9-64a579b4b4e1.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--afe18ec4-b5b8-43f7-b9e9-64a579b4b4e1.json
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index 0c18584b39..069569f054 100644
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index 644a311183..3c37390374 100644
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index baf43efa7d..ac642e4945 100644
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index b321a766e1..5361a1c924 100644
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index 5f99f69c98..91549f3085 100644
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index df90c9406a..3f6721b4da 100644
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index 7b40917b4b..858f8ca9ae 100644
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index 193a54d6d3..7d61640538 100644
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index ca207c8a84..16ac080bca 100644
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index caae0ac574..4061bb1570 100644
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index e5d00e0eba..ccb112785e 100644
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index 08ee9988d9..79a1eec608 100644
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index 5256f36320..7a2a31d728 100644
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index 84c888c1bb..d87427e222 100644
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index 80e12cc461..cd4577c0cc 100644
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index dd6ed287cc..2b71b5cc68 100644
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index 358bf1a5a6..8840120750 100644
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index d489caeea8..47e77d9481 100644
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index 609ae89e6c..f46a608705 100644
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index e6fbbec8b4..568ed8081b 100644
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index 1da1a241c2..0b28dd68a4 100644
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index 4f64d23707..5bad7891fb 100644
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index daac92e277..6f909ccad2 100644
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index 929f6cd088..002f1b3507 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c4dd7251-ed87-4629-86b5-090e52a82df2.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c4dd7251-ed87-4629-86b5-090e52a82df2.json
index 3396970c11..c6b8ede857 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c4e8dd42-9855-4a36-b915-dc7e1a91e235.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c4e8dd42-9855-4a36-b915-dc7e1a91e235.json
index 56e0200ef8..33c6fc62cd 100644
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index 843d7d7021..c9717d41bd 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c596f45a-ad65-4673-b316-05378175f35e.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c596f45a-ad65-4673-b316-05378175f35e.json
index 24a9e46cd4..a6c81dd4d7 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c59a3d89-c8fa-4c5d-813e-f4495d892d1a.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c59a3d89-c8fa-4c5d-813e-f4495d892d1a.json
index 5dd8c5bdc4..417f13f523 100644
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index 52d4eea277..bc63b397f6 100644
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index c59a8c9643..9fc5cf24a5 100644
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index 126cff2d0e..61fad7a0a6 100644
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index 82fdc79e6b..ae9c57e54b 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c726e8af-9b98-4ce9-b8f4-3e82e59d5374.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c726e8af-9b98-4ce9-b8f4-3e82e59d5374.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c78f497f-01c3-4efb-aa74-92b700b9c02b.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c78f497f-01c3-4efb-aa74-92b700b9c02b.json
index 39d69b1010..6363f64feb 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c7a1037f-cb28-40d4-be19-78e2f0e0aa68.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c7a1037f-cb28-40d4-be19-78e2f0e0aa68.json
index ded3853d05..9729eb9280 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c7aac6c9-da16-46e2-8cfa-dca07a0a7562.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c7aac6c9-da16-46e2-8cfa-dca07a0a7562.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c84e39ab-30c1-40e3-95a8-fcbb271e913c.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c84e39ab-30c1-40e3-95a8-fcbb271e913c.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c8a40335-90d6-496a-b4f9-1cc93d3fffc6.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--c8a40335-90d6-496a-b4f9-1cc93d3fffc6.json
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index 6b0fbb79ae..1879e5bd6a 100644
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index 2a5bf8821d..3011be2ed8 100644
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index f13eeaf054..3962fd5f82 100644
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index fc91280346..09cba6dd6b 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--d2dc57eb-5be2-4f9c-a4f7-18d2085ff412.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--d2dc57eb-5be2-4f9c-a4f7-18d2085ff412.json
index a3c980028f..871f8f9604 100644
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index d9457be218..54e31df3f5 100644
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index bf52ec0b87..b8c5b0eed2 100644
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index 1a49f36f40..5194299385 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--d3c94120-e6b5-4bd2-88f0-9c73f76b0104.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--d3c94120-e6b5-4bd2-88f0-9c73f76b0104.json
index 4825e7336c..68bbfec308 100644
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index cca194b677..6a261e20f6 100644
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index e9706a7405..7963419fbf 100644
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index c89f038805..f1958402e6 100644
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index 97dd8062ec..b8a02f43da 100644
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index 76ceaaff27..cbe0b4f798 100644
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index ab12d2ded1..9841cc8e86 100644
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index cb09c49661..f90c0b81f3 100644
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index 57883ad1f5..382859f746 100644
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index cdca5b47c4..ed4e5ea52f 100644
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index 799d85d93f..2fb3a9a6cf 100644
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index 76cabf1339..174e1e2823 100644
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index 130748efee..b3562efdb9 100644
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index a615f19f8c..a5add16e1a 100644
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index e972c12dde..2f097c4f83 100644
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index fc1028c912..6586e577d9 100644
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index cd5a6fd13e..c317681712 100644
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index 8ebdb61752..ee20684e32 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--deb83319-bc5a-4b9b-a44a-bd369b899601.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--deb83319-bc5a-4b9b-a44a-bd369b899601.json
index 1929bb1f10..4225478317 100644
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index 36f8b08930..b4cb3bcb2a 100644
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index 0f7fbee673..a2e730841d 100644
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index 187c0d503f..5bbc06ad74 100644
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index 63f685f6d2..0615ba0d74 100644
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index f22bad1313..ce8f580f92 100644
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index 109802c2f6..7ba311a784 100644
--- a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ea50253a-3220-458b-b810-ad032f2b182f.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ea5828bb-5da7-4ed8-83b8-8d3b0e51cb3a.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ea5828bb-5da7-4ed8-83b8-8d3b0e51cb3a.json
index 9825f145df..cdaeaea407 100644
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index e5ef016ea7..7a8fc8f42f 100644
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index b8a50b6125..2edb2a81de 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--eac550b4-3bd2-4309-8b37-b797dd0bd8a7.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--eac550b4-3bd2-4309-8b37-b797dd0bd8a7.json
index d07e5fc319..6a08d7eba3 100644
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index ca486d4624..53d1c9e1ba 100644
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index 03874d26a7..3c4c24fbd4 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--eaeb3c8d-9d91-4eb0-8049-5cb99e141026.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--eaeb3c8d-9d91-4eb0-8049-5cb99e141026.json
index 957614524d..a37f6a6c90 100644
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index 90e27fcb22..7e447c6a71 100644
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index 81b09dae91..30f4f6958d 100644
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index 7101b7eb92..1c8a585d8f 100644
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index 46bee495d2..871bebb0f5 100644
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index b8a5243fcc..3d2012c2e4 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ed3ce006-cf41-46f6-bd86-054314c130dc.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ed3ce006-cf41-46f6-bd86-054314c130dc.json
index eb9605bf8a..b7afb69366 100644
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index cb2697c757..c35df3d623 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ed66e087-8877-4146-a16a-44cfd144a3d8.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--ed66e087-8877-4146-a16a-44cfd144a3d8.json
index a9c8b45901..ad92af593f 100644
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index e82232daa5..27701a0c13 100644
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index c1ac5f7280..dc33f4fb0d 100644
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index cd3405d8c5..c132025cd3 100644
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index e686556f46..f2b75fa015 100644
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index 01814c4504..6d29960379 100644
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index c3c7710a7c..053b990aef 100644
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index 2c7ee62851..19175f4eff 100644
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index 420875fb16..fe8d902a0a 100644
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index 7005abf1cc..d311a9991a 100644
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index 3d2cf7ece6..4b67f1bfef 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--f20d8eed-b517-4297-b32a-9a5e0845de9f.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--f20d8eed-b517-4297-b32a-9a5e0845de9f.json
index cdba81148d..47d1033c50 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--f29ecf69-1753-44bb-9b80-1025f49cadda.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--f29ecf69-1753-44bb-9b80-1025f49cadda.json
index d8f180c0f4..944f00f2d0 100644
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index 26e8665433..24a8b88d99 100644
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index f46d82d34d..a4a34f11f0 100644
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index 2d4306cac4..5cac5be612 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--f3810d69-0eff-4d62-bdf1-2870cf676bba.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--f3810d69-0eff-4d62-bdf1-2870cf676bba.json
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index 9c3d85983f..f686710d8a 100644
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index 1f5281a641..c6498251f3 100644
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index d0fb04965a..99dd774faa 100644
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index a0a80d8116..59a63e37af 100644
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index ace5f0ae1e..cf5079bdad 100644
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index c08ecfe816..98353053d8 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd0340cc-6105-4abd-89d0-60b0d9c00b55.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd0340cc-6105-4abd-89d0-60b0d9c00b55.json
index ce3b7adbb4..b3aea9f7ab 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd309395-8fcc-402c-9227-90ac897fd602.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd309395-8fcc-402c-9227-90ac897fd602.json
index 605bb0559f..f49961fefa 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd3bc308-82cd-49c9-a41e-9b19ce04b3cd.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd3bc308-82cd-49c9-a41e-9b19ce04b3cd.json
index ebf85a8cdc..cea8e3e2a9 100644
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index 5ead844a42..9dec85bdc4 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd856176-396c-4121-9754-35e49bfa5758.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fd856176-396c-4121-9754-35e49bfa5758.json
index 10c43eaa00..69b5414f5e 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fdc20415-c9a1-405e-80af-3d297894e8fa.json b/ics-attack/relationship/relationship--fdc20415-c9a1-405e-80af-3d297894e8fa.json
index d22f145f37..0d17f93679 100644
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index 50a11ee4aa..6c02bbe5e6 100644
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index 86f0ce4b90..0a3b7484c9 100644
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index 1082e70a1f..aa392e0247 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--14932ed5-1098-4cc1-9f57-159ab7366787.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--75f810ad-b678-4c57-b93b-fdc79bba0c04.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--986c455b-0f43-42b6-8360-33ac48bd9990.json
index 33fc05a2ff..d40fbb374b 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--dcb1d1c1-b195-45bf-b4cf-5b98c5b859a5.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--dcb1d1c1-b195-45bf-b4cf-5b98c5b859a5.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--e2c3336a-dd93-44d6-8246-f93cf132c499.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-asset/x-mitre-asset--ecb81a8b-022e-4529-a404-55cffca7d3a3.json
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index c6fa0354e2..5340242193 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--0b4f86ed-f4ab-46a3-8ed1-175be1974da6.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--0b4f86ed-f4ab-46a3-8ed1-175be1974da6.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--0f42a24c-e035-4f93-a91c-5f7076bd8da0.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--0f42a24c-e035-4f93-a91c-5f7076bd8da0.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--12c1e727-7fa4-49b6-af81-366ed2ce231e.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--12c1e727-7fa4-49b6-af81-366ed2ce231e.json
index 3579a36bd5..5a9a295341 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--1b8c9f31-ad35-4850-bf8c-80c565ad3552.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--1b8c9f31-ad35-4850-bf8c-80c565ad3552.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--40269753-26bd-437b-986e-159c66dec5e4.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--40269753-26bd-437b-986e-159c66dec5e4.json
index 87dd02ea9a..c4840170ff 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--4358c631-e253-4557-86df-f687d0ef9891.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--4358c631-e253-4557-86df-f687d0ef9891.json
index 0c1cf193e9..3c7113f8f1 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--509ed41e-ca42-461e-9058-24602256daf9.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--509ed41e-ca42-461e-9058-24602256daf9.json
index 552ec2af93..0b98c63bfd 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--61bbbf27-f7c3-46ba-a6bc-48ae76928065.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--61bbbf27-f7c3-46ba-a6bc-48ae76928065.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--73691708-ffb5-4e29-906d-f485f6fa7089.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--73691708-ffb5-4e29-906d-f485f6fa7089.json
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--- a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--b1717cb4-d536-4e2b-b5e5-07e67e26183c.json
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index 19182538b2..ef7f91a15e 100644
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index bfff0d52b7..8dbd79758c 100644
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index 8e879dfb46..bc83815ee2 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--f424e4b4-a8a4-4c58-a4ae-4f53bfd08563.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-data-source/x-mitre-data-source--f424e4b4-a8a4-4c58-a4ae-4f53bfd08563.json
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-matrix/x-mitre-matrix--575f48f4-8897-4468-897b-48bb364af6c7.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-matrix/x-mitre-matrix--575f48f4-8897-4468-897b-48bb364af6c7.json
index a5d86e42a3..ceac380367 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--298fe907-7931-4fd2-8131-2814dd493134.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--298fe907-7931-4fd2-8131-2814dd493134.json
index e99fb949a9..a51be23973 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--33752ae7-f875-4f43-bdb6-d8d02d341046.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--33752ae7-f875-4f43-bdb6-d8d02d341046.json
index e00405c5f6..f39a0d1dbc 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--51c25a9e-8615-40c0-8afd-1da578847924.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--51c25a9e-8615-40c0-8afd-1da578847924.json
index 8a6c2869d0..4792ef5693 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--696af733-728e-49d7-8261-75fdc590f453.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--696af733-728e-49d7-8261-75fdc590f453.json
index dcca45c6f7..0d175789f7 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--69da72d2-f550-41c5-ab9e-e8255707f28a.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--69da72d2-f550-41c5-ab9e-e8255707f28a.json
index b5623fe7b4..ea4db7e4bf 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--77542f83-70d0-40c2-8a9d-ad2eb8b00279.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--77542f83-70d0-40c2-8a9d-ad2eb8b00279.json
index 3def511fa3..ffb6f23b7c 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--78f1d2ae-a579-44c4-8fc5-3e1775c73fac.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--78f1d2ae-a579-44c4-8fc5-3e1775c73fac.json
index b733ce8fbb..7782afae52 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--93bf9a8e-b14c-4587-b6d5-9efc7c12eb45.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--93bf9a8e-b14c-4587-b6d5-9efc7c12eb45.json
index 0c7e245c9a..3eb202f299 100644
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--97c8ff73-bd14-4b6c-ac32-3d91d2c41e3f.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--97c8ff73-bd14-4b6c-ac32-3d91d2c41e3f.json
index d64ad1cd3b..a324d90849 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--b2a67b1e-913c-46f6-b219-048a90560bb9.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--b2a67b1e-913c-46f6-b219-048a90560bb9.json
index e99692ae1a..8d24c7a1ed 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--ddf70682-f3ce-479c-a9a4-7eadf9bfead7.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--ddf70682-f3ce-479c-a9a4-7eadf9bfead7.json
index 50c90b2250..77aca483e0 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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diff --git a/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--ff048b6c-b872-4218-b68c-3735ebd1f024.json b/ics-attack/x-mitre-tactic/x-mitre-tactic--ff048b6c-b872-4218-b68c-3735ebd1f024.json
index 692942ef9b..6363dde6d4 100644
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